Henryk Wieniawski |

Henryk Wieniawski

ʻO Venyavsky. Capriccio Waltz (Jascha Heifetz) →

He kanaka diabolo kēia, hana pinepine ʻo ia i ka mea hiki ʻole, a ʻo ia hoʻi, hoʻokō ʻo ia. G. Berlioz

Ua hoʻokumu ʻia ka Romanticism i nā mele mele mele i haku ʻia e nā virtuosos kaulana. ʻaneʻane poina ʻia lākou a pau, a ʻo nā hiʻohiʻona noʻeau kiʻekiʻe wale nō i koe ma ke kahua ʻaha mele. Mawaena o lakou na hana a G. Wieniawski. ʻO kāna concerto, mazurkas, polonaises, nā ʻāpana ʻaha mele i hoʻokomo ʻia i loko o ka repertoire o kēlā me kēia violinist, kaulana lākou ma ke kahua ma muli o ko lākou kūlana kiʻi kānalua ʻole, ke ʻano o ka ʻāina ʻālohilohi, a me ka hoʻohana maikaʻi ʻana i nā mana virtuoso o ka mea kani.

ʻO ke kumu o ka hana a ka violinist Polish he mele mele, āna i ʻike ai mai ka wā kamaliʻi. Ma ka hoʻokō kiʻi, ua aʻo ʻo ia ma o nā hana a F. Chopin, S. Moniuszko, K. Lipinski, me ka mea i kū ai kona hopena. Ke aʻo ʻana me S. Servachinsky, a laila ma Paris me JL Massard, a ma ka haku mele ʻana me I. Collet i hāʻawi iā Wieniawski i ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻoihana maikaʻi. I ka makahiki 11, ua haku ʻo ia i nā ʻano ʻokoʻa ma ke kumuhana o kahi mazurka, a i ka makahiki 13, ua ʻike ʻia kāna mau hana mua ma ka paʻi - ʻo ka Great Fantastic Caprice ma kahi kumuhana kumu a me ka Sonata Allegro (i kākau ʻia me kona kaikaina ʻo Jozef, he pianist. ), i loaʻa ka ʻae ʻia e Berlioz.

Mai ka makahiki 1848, ua hoʻomaka ʻo Venyavsky i nā huakaʻi koʻikoʻi ma ʻEulopa a me Rusia, i hoʻomau a hiki i ka hopena o kona ola. Hana pū ʻo ia me F. Liszt, A. Rubinstein, A. Nikish, K. Davydov, G. Ernst, I. Joachim, S. Taneyev a me nā mea ʻē aʻe, e hauʻoli nui ana me kāna pāʻani ahi. ʻO Wieniawski ka mea hoʻokani violin maikaʻi loa o kona manawa. ʻAʻole hiki i kekahi ke hoʻokūkū me ia i ka ikaika o ka naʻau a me ka nui o ka pāʻani, ka nani o ke kani, ka virtuosity enchanting. ʻO kēia mau hiʻohiʻona i hōʻike ʻia i loko o kāna mau haku mele, e hoʻoholo ana i ka laulā o kā lākou mau mea hōʻike, nā kiʻi, nā mea hana kala.

ʻO ka hopena maikaʻi i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka hana a Venyavsky i hana ʻia e kona noho ʻana ma Rūsia, kahi i lilo ai ʻo ia i mea hoʻokolokolo soloist (1860-72), ke kumu mua o ka papa violin ma St. Petersburg Conservatory (1862-68). Maʻaneʻi ua liloʻo ia i hoaaloha me Tchaikovsky, Anton a me Nikolai Rubinstein, A. Esipova, C. Cui a me nā mea'ē aʻe, maʻaneʻi ua hanaʻo ia i ka nui o nā mele. I ka makahiki 1872-74. Hele ʻo Venyavsky i ʻAmelika me A. Rubinstein, a laila aʻo ma ka Conservatory Brussels. I ka wā o ka huakaʻi i Rusia i ka makahiki 1879, ua maʻi nui ʻo Venyavsky. Ma ke noi a N. Rubinstein, ua hoʻonoho ʻo N. von Meck iā ia i loko o kona hale. ʻOiai ka mālama pono ʻana, ua make ʻo Venyavsky ma mua o kona hiki ʻana i ka makahiki 45. Ua hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻia kona puʻuwai e ka hana ʻaha mele hiki ʻole ke hoʻomanawanui.

Ua pili loa ka hana a Wieniawski me ka violin, e like me ka hana a Chopin me ka piano. Ua hana ʻo ia i ka violin e ʻōlelo ma kahi ʻōlelo ʻoniʻoni hou, hōʻike i kāna mau timbre hiki, virtuosic, enchanting ornamentality. Nui nā ʻano loea i ʻike ʻia e ia i kumu o ka ʻenehana violin o ke kenekulia XNUMX.

Ma ka huina, ua hana ʻo Venyavsky ma kahi o 40 mau hana, ʻaʻole i paʻi ʻia kekahi o lākou. Ua kaulana ʻelua o kāna concerto violin ma ke kahua. ʻO ka mea mua e pili ana i ke ʻano o ka concerto virtuoso-romantic "nui", e hele mai ana mai nā ʻaha mele a N. Paganini. Ua hana ka virtuoso he ʻumikumamāwalu makahiki i kona noho ʻana me Liszt ma Weimar a hōʻike i loko o ia i ka impulsiveness o ka ʻōpio, ka hoʻokiʻekiʻe ʻana o nā manaʻo. ʻO ke kiʻi nui o kahi meʻe aloha aloha ʻole, e lanakila ana i nā pilikia āpau, hele mai nā hakakā koʻikoʻi me ka honua ma o ka noʻonoʻo kiʻekiʻe a hiki i ka hoʻoinu ʻana i ke kahe ʻoliʻoli o ke ola.

ʻO ka ʻaha mele ʻelua he canvas lyric-romantic. Hoʻohui ʻia nā ʻāpana āpau e hoʻokahi kumuhana lyrical - ke kumumanaʻo o ke aloha, ka moeʻuhane o ka nani, ka mea i loaʻa i kahi hoʻomohala nui symphonic i ka ʻaha mele mai kahi mamao, hoʻokipa maikaʻi, kūʻē i ka huikau nui o nā manaʻo, i ka hauʻoli hauʻoli, ka lanakila o kahi hoomaka malamalama.

Ma nā ʻano ʻano a pau i huli ai ʻo Wieniawski, ua loaʻa ka hopena o ka mea pena kiʻi aupuni Polani. ʻO ka mea maʻamau, ʻike nui ʻia ka ʻono o ka poʻe i nā ʻano i ulu mai i nā hula Polani. ʻO nā mazurkas o Wieniawski he mau hiʻohiʻona o ke ola kanaka. Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia lākou e ka melodiousness, elastic rhythm, ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ʻano pāʻani o nā violinists folk. ʻO nā polonaises ʻelua a Wieniawski he mau ʻāpana virtuoso ʻaha mele i hana ʻia ma lalo o ka mana o Chopin a me Lipinski (nona ka Polonaise Mua i hoʻolaʻa ʻia). Paʻi lākou i nā kiʻi o kahi huakaʻi nui, leʻaleʻa ʻoliʻoli. Inā hōʻike ʻia ke talena lyrical o ka mea pena Polish i nā mazurkas, a laila i loko o nā polonaises - ke ʻano a me ke ʻano i loko o kāna ʻano hana. Ua noho ʻia kahi wahi ikaika i ka repertoire o nā violinists e like me "Legend", Scherzo-tarantella, kumu kumu me nā ʻano like ʻole, "Russian Carnival", Fantasia ma nā kumuhana o ka opera "Faust" na Ch. Gounod, etc.

ʻO nā haku mele a Venyavsky ʻaʻole i hoʻololi wale i nā hana i hana ʻia e nā violinists, no ka laʻana, ʻo E. Yzai, ʻo ia kāna haumāna, a ʻo F. Kreisler, akā ma ka laulā he nui nā mele o ka repertoire violin, ua lawa ia e kuhikuhi i nā hana a Tchaikovsky , N. Rimsky-Korsakov, A. Glazunov. Ua hoʻokumu ka virtuoso Polani i kahi "kiʻi o ka violin" kūikawā, kahi e huki ai me ka nani o ka ʻaha mele, ka lokomaikaʻi, ka hauʻoli o nā manaʻo, a me ka lāhui maoli.

V. Grigoriev

ʻO Venyavsky ke kiʻi ʻālohilohi loa i ka hana virtuoso-romantic o ka hapa mua o ke kenekulia XNUMX. Ua mālama ʻo ia i nā kuʻuna o kēia hana a hiki i ka hopena o kona ola ʻana. "E hoʻomanaʻo ʻolua," i ʻōlelo ai ʻo ia iā Nikolai Rubinstein lāua ʻo Leopold Auer ma kahi moe make, "e make pū ana ʻo Carnival of Venice me aʻu."

ʻOiaʻiʻo, me Venyavsky, kahi ʻano holoʻokoʻa i hoʻokumu ʻia i ka hana violin honua, kūʻokoʻa, kumu, i hana ʻia e ke akamai o Paganini, e nalowale ana, e hoʻi ana i ka wā i hala, ʻo ka "Venetian Carnival" i ʻōlelo ʻia e ka mea pena make.

Ua kākau lākou e pili ana iā Venyavsky: "He mea hoʻohiwahiwa kāna kakaka, ʻo nā leo o kāna violin he hopena kupanaha i ka ʻuhane ʻaʻole hiki i kekahi ke lohe nui i kēia mea pena." Ma ka hana a Venyavsky, "e paila ana kēlā ahi laʻa, e hoʻopio iā ʻoe me ka makemake ʻole, a i ʻole e hoʻohauʻoli i kou mau manaʻo āpau, a i ʻole e hāliʻi mālie i kou mau pepeiao."

"Ma kāna ʻano hana, i hoʻohui i ke ahi, ka makemake o ka Pole me ka nani a me ka ʻono o ka Farani, i hōʻike i kahi ʻano pilikino maoli, kahi ʻano akamai akamai. Ua paʻa ka puʻuwai o ka poʻe hoʻolohe i kāna pāʻani ʻana, a ua loaʻa iā ia, i kahi ʻano kakaʻikahi, ka hiki ke hoʻohiwahiwa i ka lehulehu mai ka hoʻomaka ʻana o kona helehelena.

I ka wā o nā kaua ma waena o ka Romantics a me ka Classicists, e pale ana i ka ʻōpio, ʻōpio Romantic art, ua kākau ʻo Odoevsky: "Ua hiki i ka mea kākau o kēia ʻatikala ke kapa pono iā ia iho he mea kākau moʻolelo o ka hoʻohewa. Ua kūpaʻa ʻo ia i nā hoʻopaʻapaʻa he nui no ke kiʻi, kahi āna i makemake nui ai, a i kēia manawa i ka mea o ka hana like ʻo ia e hāʻawi ai i kona leo a, haʻalele i nā manaʻo hoʻohewa āpau, aʻo i kā mākou mau mea ʻōpio āpau e haʻalele i kēia kula ʻo Kreutzer a me Rodeva kahiko, kūpono i kā mākou kula. kenekulia no ka hoʻonaʻauao ʻana i nā mea pena kiʻi maʻamau wale no ka orchestra. Ua hōʻiliʻili lākou i ka hoʻokupu maikaʻi mai ko lākou kenekulia - a ua lawa ia. I kēia manawa, loaʻa iā mākou nā virtuosos ponoʻī, me ka laulā nui, me nā pauku nani, me ke mele hoihoi, me nā hopena like ʻole. E kapa aku kā mākou poʻe loiloi he quackery. E hoʻohanohano ka lehulehu a me ka poʻe ʻike noʻeau i ko lākou manaʻo maikaʻi ʻole me ka ʻakaʻaka hoʻohenehene.

ʻO ka noʻonoʻo, ka hana hoʻohiwahiwa, nā hopena maikaʻi a me nā ʻano like ʻole, ka manaʻo ikaika - ʻo ia nā ʻano i hoʻokaʻawale i ka hana aloha, a me kēia mau ʻano i kūʻē i nā canons koʻikoʻi o ke kula kahiko. "Me he mea lā ʻo nā leo, ma ka nalu o ka lima ʻākau, lele lākou mai ka violin," wahi a Odoevsky. Me he mea lā ua piʻi ka manu manuahi i ka lewa a ʻō aku i kona mau ʻēheu kala i ka lewa.

ʻO ke akamai o nā mea aloha i puhi i nā naʻau me kona lapalapa, a hoʻokiʻekiʻe i nā ʻuhane me ka hoʻoikaika. Ua haku mele ʻia ka lewa. ʻO ka violinist Norewai ʻo Ole Bull, ʻoiai ma Roma, "ua hana ʻo ia i loko o ka Colosseum ma ke noi ʻana o kekahi mau mea pena, ʻo ia hoʻi ʻo Thorvaldsen a me Fernley kaulana ... Ua lohe ʻia nā leo o kahi mea pena i hoʻoikaika ʻia, a me nā aka o nā Roma nui, ua hoʻolohe i kāna mau mele ʻākau.

No kēia neʻe ʻana ʻo Wieniawski, kaʻana like i kona mau pono āpau, akā he ʻaoʻao hoʻokahi. ʻO ka poʻe violinists nui o ke kula Paganinian kekahi manawa i kaumaha i ka hohonu o ke mele no ka hopena, a ua hoʻopio nui lākou i ko lākou ʻano maikaʻi. ʻO ka virtuosity ka mea i mahalo i ka poʻe hoʻolohe. ʻO ka nani, ka nani a me ka bravura o instrumentalism ʻaʻole ia he ʻano wale nō, akā he pono nō hoʻi.

Eia naʻe, ʻelua mau manawa i ola ai ʻo Venyavsky. Ua ola ʻo ia i ka romanticism, ka mea i hoʻomehana i nā mea āpau a puni iā ​​​​ia i kona wā ʻōpio, a mālama haʻaheo i kāna mau kuʻuna i ka wā i make ai ke kiʻi aloha, ma nā ʻano ʻano i ka hapa mua o ke kenekulia XNUMX. I ka manawa like, ua ʻike ʻo Venyavsky i ka mana o nā au like ʻole o ka romanticism. A hiki i ka waenakonu o kona ola hana, ʻo ia ka mea kūpono iā ia ʻo Paganini a ʻo Paganini wale nō. Ma hope o kāna hiʻohiʻona, kākau ʻo Venyavsky i ka "Russian Carnival", me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā hopena like i hoʻopiha ʻia ʻo "Carnival of Venice"; ʻO nā harmonics a me nā pizzicato a Paganin e hoʻonani i kāna mau violin fantasies - "Memories of Moscow", "Red Sundress". Pono e hoʻohui ʻia he ikaika mau nā kumu Polani aupuni i ka hana kiʻi a Wieniawski, a ʻo kāna hoʻonaʻauao Parisian i hoʻopili ai i ka moʻomeheu mele Farani kokoke iā ia. Ua ʻike ʻia ka mea kani a Venyavsky no kona māmā, ʻoluʻolu, a me ka nani, ʻo ia ka mea i alakaʻi nui iā ia mai ka instrumentalism a Paganiniev.

I ka hapalua o kona ola, ʻaʻole paha me ka ʻole o ka mana o nā kaikunāne Rubinstein, kahi i pili loa ai ʻo Venyavsky, ua hiki mai ka manawa no ka makemake o Mendelssohn. Hoʻokani mau ʻo ia i nā hana a ka haku Leipzig a, ke haku ʻana i ka Concerto ʻElua, alakaʻi maopopo ʻia e kāna concerto violin.

ʻO ka ʻāina hānau o Wieniawski ke kūlanakauhale Polani kahiko o Lublin. Ua hānau ʻia ʻo ia ma Iulai 10, 1835 i ka ʻohana o ke kauka ʻo Tadeusz Wieniawski, ka mea i kaulana i ka hoʻonaʻauao a me ke mele. ʻO ka makuahine o ka mea hoʻokani pila e hiki mai ana, ʻo Regina Venyavskaya, he pianist maikaʻi loa.

Ua hoʻomaka ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa violin i ka makahiki 6 me ka violinist kūloko ʻo Jan Gornzel. ʻO ka hoihoi i kēia mea kani a me ka makemake e aʻo ma ia mea ua ulu aʻe i loko o ke keiki ma muli o ka pāʻani āna i lohe ai i ka violinist Hungarian ʻo Miska Gauser, nāna i hāʻawi i nā ʻahamele ma 1841 ma Lublin.

Ma hope o Gornzel, nāna i hoʻokumu i ke kumu no nā mākau violin o Wieniawski, ua hāʻawi ʻia ke keikikāne iā Stanisław Serwaczynski. Ua loaʻa i kēia kumu ka pōmaikaʻi i lilo i kumu aʻo no ʻelua o nā violinists nui loa o ke kenekulia XNUMX - Wieniawski lāua ʻo Joachim: i ka wā o Serwaczynski i noho ai ma Pest, ua hoʻomaka ʻo Josef Joachim e aʻo pū me ia.

ʻO nā kūleʻa o Henryk liʻiliʻi he mea kupanaha loa i hoʻoholo ai kona makuakāne e hōʻike iā ia i ka violinist Czech Panofka nāna i hāʻawi i nā ʻahamele ma Warsaw. Ua hauʻoli ʻo ia i ke kālena o ke keiki a ua aʻo iā ia e lawe iā ia i Paris i ke kumu kaulana ʻo Lambert Massard (1811-1892). I ka hāʻule o 1843, hele ʻo Henryk i Paris me kona makuahine. Ma ka lā 8 o Nowemapa, ua hoʻokomoʻiaʻo ia i ka papa o nā haumāna o ka Paris Conservatory, kū'ē i kāna palapala hoʻolimalima, iʻae ai i ke komoʻana o nā keiki mai ka makahiki 12. ʻO Venyavsky i kēlā manawa he 8 wale nō makahiki!

ʻO kona ʻanakala, ke kaikunāne o kona makuahine, ʻo ka mea hoʻokani pila Polani kaulana ʻo Eduard Wolf, ka mea i kaulana i loko o nā pōʻai mele o ke kapikala Farani, ua komo nui i ka hopena o ke keiki. Ma ke noi a Wolf, ua lawe ʻo Massard iā ia i kāna papa.

Ua ʻōlelo ʻo I. Reise, ka mea kākau moʻolelo o Venyavsky, ua hoʻoholo ʻo Massard, kahaha i ka hiki a me ka lohe ʻana o ke keiki, i kahi hoʻokolohua kupaianaha - ua koi ʻo ia iā ia e aʻo i ka concerto a Rudolf Kreutzer ma ka pepeiao, me ka hoʻopā ʻole ʻana i ka violin.

I ka makahiki 1846, ua puka 'o Venyavsky mai ka conservatory me ka lanakila, ua lanakila 'o ia i ka makana mua ma ka ho'okūkū puka 'ana a me ka mekala gula nui. ʻOiai ʻo Venyavsky he mea paʻa kula haʻawina Lūkini, ua loaʻa i ka mea lanakila ʻōpio kahi violin Guarneri del Gesu mai ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana o ka Russian Tsar.

He nani loa ka hopena o ka conservatory a ua hoʻomaka ʻo Paris e kamaʻilio e pili ana iā Venyavsky. Hāʻawi nā makuahine o ka mea hoʻokani pila i ʻaelike no nā huakaʻi ʻahamele. Ua hoʻopuniʻia ka poʻe Venyavsky e ka mahalo i nā poʻe malihini Polani, aia iā Mickiewicz ma ko lākou hale; Mahalo ʻo Gioacchino Rossini i ke kālena a Henryk.

I ka manawa i puka ai ʻo Henryk mai ka conservatory, ua lawe mai kona makuahine i kāna keikikāne ʻelua i Paris - ʻo Jozef, ka mea hoʻokani piano virtuoso e hiki mai ana. No laila, ua noho nā Wieniawskis ma ke kapikala Farani no 2 mau makahiki, a ua hoʻomau ʻo Henryk i kāna aʻo ʻana me Massar.

I ka lā 12 o Pepeluali i ka makahiki 1848, ua hāʻawi nā kaikunāne Venyavsky i kahi ʻaha mele aloha ma Paris a haʻalele i Rusia. Noho ʻo Henryk no kekahi manawa ma Lublin, ua hele ʻo ia i St. Petersburg. Maanei, ma ka la 31 o Maraki, 18 o Aperila, la 4 a me 16 o Mei, ua malamaia kana mau ahamele kaawale, he lanakila lanakila.

Ua lawe mai ʻo Venyavsky i kāna papahana conservatory i St. Petersburg. Ua noho ʻo Viotti's Seventeenth Concerto i kahi koʻikoʻi i loko. Ua aʻo ʻo Massard i kāna mau haumāna i ke kula kahiko Farani. I ka hoʻoholo ʻana ma ka loiloi St. Petersburg, ua hoʻokani ka mea hoʻokani pila i ka Viotti Concerto me ke ʻano ʻole, me ka hoʻolako ʻana iā ia me nā "mea hoʻonani keu." ʻO ke ʻano o ka "hōʻoluʻolu" ʻaʻole ia he ʻokoʻa i kēlā manawa, nui nā virtuosos i hewa me kēia. Akā naʻe, ʻaʻole ʻo ia i hālāwai me ke aloha mai ka poʻe pili o ke kula kahiko. "Hiki ke manaʻo ʻia," i kākau ai ka mea loiloi, "ʻaʻole maopopo ʻo Venyavsky i ke ʻano mālie a paʻa o kēia hana."

ʻOiaʻiʻo, ua hoʻopili pū ka ʻōpio o ka mea pena i ka makemake no ka virtuosity. Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole ʻo ia i hahau wale me ka ʻenehana, akā me ka manaʻo o ke ahi. "He keiki kanalua ole keia," wahi a Vieuxtan, ka mea i noho ma kana aha mele, "no ka mea, i kona mau makahiki, he mea hiki ole ke paani me ia manao hoihoi, a oi loa aku hoi me ia hoomaopopo ana a me ka manao hohonu. . E ulu ana ka ʻāpana mechanical o kāna pāʻani, akā i kēia manawa ke pāʻani nei ʻo ia ma ke ʻano ʻaʻohe o mākou i pāʻani i kona mau makahiki.

Ma nā papahana a Venyavsky, hoihoi ka poʻe i ka pāʻani wale nō, akā i kāna mau hana. Hoʻokumu ke kanaka ʻōpio i nā ʻano like ʻole a me nā pāʻani - romance, nocturne, etc.

Mai St. Petersburg, hele ka makuahine a me kāna keiki i Finland, Revel, Riga, a mai laila aku i Warsaw, kahi e kali ai nā lanakila hou i ka mea hoʻokani pila. Eia naʻe, moeʻuhane ʻo Venyavsky e hoʻomau i kāna aʻo ʻana, i kēia manawa i ka haku mele. Ua noi nā mākua i ka ʻae mai nā luna Lūkini e hele hou i Paris, a i ka makahiki 1849 ua hele ka makuahine a me nā keikikāne i Farani. Ma ke ala, ma Dresden, hoʻokani ʻo Henryk i mua o ka violinist Polish kaulana ʻo Karol Lipinski. "Ua makemake nui ʻo ia iā Genek," kākau ʻo Venyavskaya i kāna kāne. “Ua hoʻokani pū mākou i ka Mozart Quartet, ʻo ia hoʻi, hoʻokani ʻo Lipinski lāua ʻo Genek i nā violins, a hoʻokani māua ʻo Yuzik i nā ʻāpana o ke cello a me ka viola ma ka piano. He mea leʻaleʻa, akā, he mea pūʻiwa hoʻi. Ua noi ʻo Polofesa Lipinski iā Genek e hoʻokani i ka violin mua. Manaʻo ʻoe ua hilahila ke keikikāne? Ua alakaʻiʻo ia i ka quartet me he mea lā uaʻike ponoʻo ia i ka helu. Ua hāʻawi mai ʻo Lipinski iā mākou i kahi leka kākoʻo iā Liszt.

Ma Palika, ua aʻo ʻo Wieniawski i ka haku mele no hoʻokahi makahiki me Hippolyte Collet. Ua ʻōlelo nā leka a kona makuahine he paʻakikī ʻo ia i ka hana ma nā kiʻi kiʻi no Kreutzer a ke manaʻo nei e kākau i kāna mau haʻawina ponoʻī. Heluhelu nui ʻo ia: ʻo Hugo, Balzac, George Sand a me Stendhal kāna mau punahele.

Akā i kēia manawa ua pau ke aʻo ʻana. Ma ka hoʻokolokolo hope loa, hōʻike ʻo Wieniawski i kāna mau hana ma ke ʻano he haku mele - "Village Mazurka" a me Fantasia ma nā kumuhana mai ka opera "The Prophet" na Meyerbeer. Eia hou - ka makana mua! "Ua liloʻo Hector Berlioz i mea mahalo i ke kālena o kā mākou mau keikikāne," kākauʻo Venyavskaya i kāna kāne.

Ma mua o ka wehe ʻana o Henrik i kahi ala ākea virtuoso. He ʻōpio ʻo ia, uʻi, ʻoluʻolu, he ʻano ʻoliʻoli ākea kona e hoʻopiʻi i nā naʻau iā ia, a ʻo kāna pāʻani hoʻohiwahiwa i ka poʻe hoʻolohe. I loko o ka puke "The Magic Violin" na E. Chekalsky, ka mea i hoʻopā ʻia i kahi puke tabloid, hāʻawi ʻia nā kikoʻī kikoʻī he nui o nā mea hana ʻōpio ʻo Don Juan.

1851-1853 Ua huakaʻi ʻo Venyavsky iā Rūsia, e hana ana i kahi huakaʻi nui i kēlā manawa i nā kūlanakauhale nui ma ka ʻāpana ʻEulopa o ka ʻāina. Ma waho aʻe o St. Petersburg a me Moscow,ʻo ia a me kona kaikunāne i kipa iā Kyiv, Kharkov, Odessa, Poltava, Voronezh, Kursk, Tula, Penza, Orel, Tambov, Saratov, Simbirsk, e hāʻawi ana ma kahi oʻelua haneli mau'ahamele i loko oʻelua makahiki.

ʻO ka puke a ka violinist Lūkini kaulana ʻo V. Bezekirsky e wehewehe ana i kahi hanana hoihoi mai ke ola ʻana o Venyavsky, ka mea e hōʻike ana i kona ʻano unbridled, lili loa i kona kūleʻa i ka hana kiʻi. He mea hoihoi nō hoʻi kēia hanana i ka hōʻike ʻana i ka hoʻowahāwahā ʻana o Venyavsky i ka wā i ʻeha ai kona haʻaheo ma ke ʻano he mea pena.

I kekahi lā i ka makahiki 1852, hāʻawi ʻo Venyavsky i kahi ʻahamele ma Moscow me Wilma Neruda, kekahi o nā virtuosos violin Czech kaulana. "I kēia ahiahi, he mele hoihoi loa, ua hōʻailona ʻia e kahi hōʻino nui me nā hopena kaumaha. Ua pāʻani ʻo Venyavsky i ka hapa mua, a, ʻoiaʻiʻo, me ka lanakila nui, ma ka lua - ʻo Neruda, a i ka pau ʻana, lawe mai ʻo Vieuxtan, ka mea i loko o ke keʻena, i kahi bouquet. ʻO ka poʻe hoʻolohe, me he mea lā e hoʻohana pono ana i kēia manawa kūpono, hāʻawi i ka virtuoso kupanaha i ka leo walaʻau. Ua hōʻeha nui kēia iā Venyavsky a hiki koke mai ʻo ia ma ke kahua me kahi violin a haʻi leo nui e makemake ʻo ia e hōʻoia i kona kūlana kiʻekiʻe ma luna o Neruda. Ua piha ka anaina a puni ke kahua, a ma waena o lākou kekahi ʻano pūʻali koa i hoʻokaʻulua ʻole i ke kamaʻilio leo nui. ʻO Venyavsky hauʻoli, makemake e hoʻomaka i ka pāʻani, paʻi i ka poʻohiwi me kāna kakaka a noi iā ia e hoʻōki i ke kamaʻilio ʻana. I ka lā aʻe, ua loaʻa iā Venyavsky kahi kauoha mai ke Kiaʻāina Nui ʻo Zakrevsky e haʻalele iā Moscow i ka hola 24.

I ka wā mua o kona ola ʻana, 1853 kū i waho, waiwai i nā ʻaha mele (Moscow, Karlsbad, Marienbad, Aachen, Leipzig, kahi i kāhāhā ai ʻo Venyavsky i ka lehulehu me kahi concerto fis-moll i hoʻopau ʻia) a me ka haku mele. ʻIke ʻia ʻo Henryk i ka noʻonoʻo. ʻO ka polonaise mua, "Memories of Moscow", etudes no ka violin solo, he mau mazurkas, elegiac adagio. ʻO ke aloha me ka ʻole o ka huaʻōlelo a me ka Rondo mai ka makahiki 1853. He ʻoiaʻiʻo ua haku ʻia ka hapa nui o nā mea i luna aʻe nei a i kēia manawa ua loaʻa ka paʻa hope.

I ka makahiki 1858, ua hoʻokokoke ʻo Venyavsky iā Anton Rubinstein. He lanakila nui kā lākou ʻahamele ma Paris. Ma ka papahana, ma waena o nā ʻāpana virtuoso maʻamau ka Beethoven Concerto a me ka Kreutzer Sonata. Ma ke keʻena ahiahi ua hoʻokō ʻo Venyavsky i ka quartet a Rubinstein, kekahi o nā sonatas a Bach a me Mendelssohn's trio. Eia nō naʻe, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o kāna ʻano pāʻani. Ma kahi hana o The Carnival of Venice, ua ʻōlelo kekahi loiloi mai 1858, "ua hoʻomaikaʻi hou ʻo ia i nā eccentricities a me nā ʻakaʻaka i hoʻokomo ʻia i ke ʻano e kona mau mua."

Ua lilo ka makahiki 1859 i wahi hoʻololi i ke ola pilikino o Venyavsky. Ua hōʻailona ʻia e nā hanana ʻelua - ʻo ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana iā Isabella Osborne-Hampton, kahi hoahānau o ka haku mele Pelekane a me ke kaikamahine a Lord Thomas Hampton, a me kahi kono i St. ka lālā o St. Petersburg o ka Russian Musical Society.

Ua mālama ʻia ka male ʻana o Venyavsky ma Palisa i ʻAukake 1860. Ua hele ka male ʻana e Berlioz lāua ʻo Rossini. Ma ke noi a nā mākua o ka wahine mare, ua hōʻoia ʻo Venyavsky i kona ola no kahi kālā he 200 francs. "ʻO nā haʻawina nui e uku ʻia i kēlā me kēia makahiki i ka hui ʻinikua, he kumu ia o nā pilikia kālā mau no Venyavsky a ʻo kekahi o nā kumu i alakaʻi iā ia i ka make ʻole," i hoʻohui ai ka mea kākau moʻolelo Soviet o ka violinist I. Yampolsky.

Ma hope o ka male ʻana, lawe ʻo Venyavsky iā Isabella i kona ʻāina hānau. No kekahi manawa noho lākou ma Lublin, a laila neʻe i Warsaw, kahi i lilo ai lākou i mau hoaaloha pili loa me Moniuszko.

Ua hele mai ʻo Venyavsky i St. Petersburg i ka wā o ka piʻi wikiwiki ʻana i ke ola lehulehu. I ka makahiki 1859, ua wehe ʻia ka Russian Musical Society (RMO), i ka makahiki 1861 i hoʻomaka ai nā hoʻoponopono i hoʻopau i ke ʻano o ka lawelawe ʻana ma Rusia. No ko lākou hapalua puʻuwai, ua hoʻololi nui kēia mau hoʻololi i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo o Rūsia. Ua hōʻailona ʻia nā 60s e kahi hoʻomohala ikaika o ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana, nā manaʻo democratic, kahi i hoʻāla ai i ka makemake no ka lāhui a me ka ʻoiaʻiʻo i ke kahua o ka hana. ʻO nā manaʻo o ka hoʻomālamalama democratic i hoʻonāukiuki i ka noʻonoʻo maikaʻi loa, a ʻo ke ʻano ikaika o Venyavsky, ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻomau i ka manaʻo ʻole i nā mea e hana nei a puni. Me Anton Rubinstein, ua lawe ʻo Venyavsky i kahi ʻāpana pololei a ikaika i ka hui o ka Conservatory Russian. I ka hāʻule o 1860, ua wehe ʻia nā papa mele ma ka ʻōnaehana RMO - ka mea mua o ka conservatory. "ʻO nā pūʻali mele maikaʻi loa o ia manawa, aia ma St. Petersburg," i kākau ai ʻo Rubinstein ma hope mai, "ua hāʻawi i kā lākou hana a me ka manawa no ka uku haʻahaʻa loa, inā e hoʻokumu i ke kumu no kahi kumu maikaʻi loa: Leshetitsky, Nissen-Saloman, Ua lawe ʻo Venyavsky a me nā mea ʻē aʻe ... i loko o kā mākou mau papa mele ma ka Hale Aliʻi ʻo Mikhailovsky he ʻāpana kālā wale nō i kēlā me kēia haʻawina.

Ma ka conservatory wehe, ua lilo ʻo Venyavsky i kumu kumu mua ma ka papa o ka violin a me ke keʻena hui. Ua lilo ʻo ia i hoihoi i ke aʻo ʻana. Nui nā poʻe ʻōpio akamai i aʻo i kāna papa - K. Putilov, D. Panov, V. Salin, a ma hope i lilo i mau mea hoʻokani kaulana a me nā kiʻi mele. ʻO Dmitry Panov, ka mea aʻo ma ka conservatory, alakaʻi i ka Russian Quartet (Panov, Leonov, Egorov, Kuznetsov); ʻO Konstantin Putilov kahi mele mele mele koʻikoʻi, ua aʻo ʻo Vasily Salin ma Kharkov, Moscow a me Chisinau, a ua komo pū i nā hana keʻena. Ua hoʻomaka ʻo P. Krasnokutsky, he kōkua iā Auer ma hope mai, e aʻo pū me Venyavsky; Ua haʻalele ʻo I. Altani i ka papa o Venyavsky, ʻoiai ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o kona ʻike ma ke ʻano he alakaʻi, ʻaʻole he violinist. Ma keʻano laulā, hoʻohana ʻo Venyavsky i 12 mau kānaka.

ʻIke ʻia, ʻaʻole i loaʻa iā Venyavsky kahi ʻōnaehana aʻoaʻo i hoʻomohala ʻia a ʻaʻole ia he kumu ma ke ʻano koʻikoʻi o ka ʻōlelo, ʻoiai ʻo ka papahana i kākau ʻia e ia, mālama ʻia ma ka State Historical Archive ma Leningrad, e hōʻike ana ua ʻimi ʻo ia e aʻo i kāna mau haumāna ma kahi ʻano like ʻole. repertoire i loaʻa ka nui o nā hana kuʻuna. "I loko ona a me ka papa, he mea pena kiʻi nui, paʻakikī, lawe ʻia, me ke kāohi ʻole ʻana, me ka ʻole o ka systematicity, he hopena," i kākau ai ʻo V. Bessel, e hoʻomanaʻo ana i nā makahiki o kāna mau haʻawina. Akā, "ʻaʻole ia e ʻōlelo ʻo ka ʻōlelo a me ka hōʻike ponoʻī, ʻo ia hoʻi, ka hana ma ka papa o nā paukū paʻakikī, a me nā hōʻailona kūpono o nā ʻano hana, ʻo kēia mau mea a pau, i hui pū ʻia, he kumukūʻai kiʻekiʻe. ” I loko o ka papa, ua noho ʻo Venyavsky i mea pena kiʻi, he mea pena i hoʻopio i kāna mau haumāna a hoʻoikaika iā lākou i kāna pāʻani a me kāna ʻano hana.

Ma waho a'e o ka ho'ona'auao'ana, ua hana'o Venyavsky i nā hana'ē a'e he nui ma Rusia. He mea hoʻokani pila ʻo ia ma ka ʻaha mele ma ka Imperial Opera and Ballet Theatres, he mea hoʻokani pila o ka hale hoʻokolokolo, a ua hana pū ʻo ia ma ke ʻano he alakaʻi. Akā, ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻo ka hapa nui ʻo Venyavsky he mea hoʻokani mele, hāʻawi i nā ʻaha mele he nui, hoʻokani ʻia i nā hui, alakaʻi i ka quartet RMS.

Ua pāʻani ka quartet ma 1860-1862 me nā lālā penei: Venyavsky, Pikkel, Weikman, Schubert; mai ka makahiki 1863, ua pani ʻia ʻo Karl Schubert e ka mea hoʻokani pila Lūkini koʻikoʻi ʻo Karl Yulievich Davydov. I ka manawa pōkole, ua lilo ka quartet o ka lālā o St. Petersburg o ka RMS i hoʻokahi o nā mea maikaʻi loa ma ʻEulopa, ʻoiai ua ʻike nā poʻe o Venyavsky i kekahi mau hemahema ma ke ʻano he quartetist. Ua wela loa kona ʻano aloha a makemake ʻole iā ia iho e mālama ʻia i loko o ke ʻano koʻikoʻi o ka hana ensemble. Eia nō naʻe, ʻo ka hana mau i ka quartet i hoʻonohonoho ʻia iā ia, i ʻoi aku ka oʻo a me ka hohonu o kāna hana.

Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole wale ka quartet, akā ʻo ka lewa holoʻokoʻa o ke ola mele Lūkini, kamaʻilio me nā mea hoʻokani mele e like me A. Rubinstein, K. Davydov, M. Balakirev, M. Mussorgsky, N. Rimsky-Korsakov, he hopena maikaʻi ma Venyavsky e like me he mea pena ma na ano he nui. Hōʻike ka hana ponoʻī a Wienyavsky i ka emi ʻana o kona hoihoi i nā hopena bravura a me kona makemake i nā mele.

Ua hoʻololi hou ʻia kāna papa mele mele, kahi i noho nui ʻia e ka poʻe kahiko - Chaconne, solo sonatas a me partitas e Bach, violin concerto, sonatas a me quartets e Beethoven. No nā sonata a Beethoven, makemake ʻo ia iā Kreutzer. Malia paha, ua kokoke ʻo ia iā ia i kāna ʻōlinolino ʻahamele. Hoʻokani pinepine ʻo Venyavsky i ka Kreutzer Sonata me A. Rubinstein, a i kona noho hope ʻana ma Rūsia, ua hoʻokani ʻo ia me S. Taneyev. Ua haku ʻo ia i kāna mau cadenza ponoʻī no Beethoven's Violin Concerto.

ʻO ka wehewehe ʻana a Venyavsky i nā mele kahiko ke hōʻike nei i ka hoʻonui ʻana i kāna mau akamai noʻeau. I ka makahiki 1860, i kona hiki mua ana i Rusia, hiki i kekahi ke heluhelu i na loiloi o kana mau ahamele: "Ina e hookolokolo pono kakou, me ka lawe ole ia e ka malamalama, he mea hiki ole ke ike i ka oi aku o ka malie, a me ka haahaa i ka hana ma keia wahi. hoʻohui maikaʻi i ka hemolele" ( Ke kamaʻilio nei mākou e pili ana i ka hana ʻana o ka concerto a Mendelssohn). ʻEhā mau makahiki ma hope mai, ʻo ka loiloi o kāna hana ʻana i kekahi o nā quartets hope loa a Beethoven e kahi connoisseur maalea e like me IS Turgenev he ʻano ʻokoʻa loa. Ma Ianuali 14, 1864, kākau ʻo Turgenev iā Pauline Viardot: "I kēia lā ua lohe au i ka Beethoven Quartet, Op. 127 (posthume), hoʻokani me ka hemolele e Venyavsky lāua ʻo Davydov. He ʻokoʻa loa ia mai ko Morin lāua ʻo Chevillard. Ua ulu nui ʻo Wieniawski mai koʻu lohe hope ʻana iā ia; Ua hoʻokani ʻo ia i ka Bach's Chaconne no ka violin solo ma ke ʻano i hiki ai iā ia ke hoʻolohe iā ia iho ma hope o Joachim hiki ʻole ke hoʻohālikelike.

Ua loli iki ke ola pilikino o Venyavsky ma hope o kāna male ʻana. ʻAʻole ʻo ia i mālie iki. ʻO ka papaʻaina piliwaiwai ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻōmaʻomaʻo a me nā wahine i kahakiʻi iā ia iā lākou.

Ua waiho ʻo Auer i kahi kiʻi ola o Wieniawski ka mea pāʻani. I kekahi manawa ma Wiesbaden ua kipa ʻo ia i kahi casino. “I koʻu komo ʻana i loko o ka casino, ʻo wai kou manaʻo ua ʻike au ma kahi mamao aku, inā ʻaʻole ʻo Henryk Wieniawski, ka mea i hele mai iaʻu ma hope o kekahi o nā papa ʻaina piliwaiwai, kiʻekiʻe, me ka lauoho loloa ʻeleʻele a la Liszt a me nā maka ʻeleʻele nui ... Ua haʻi mai iaʻu he pule ma mua o kona pāʻani ʻana ma Caen, ua hele mai ʻo ia mai St. hana ma kekahi o na papa piliwaiwai, ua hoohana ia i ka "'ōnaehana" pololei loa i manao ai e hoopau i ka panakō o ka Hale Piliwaiwai Wiesbaden i ka manawa pokole loa. Ua hui pū ʻo ia a me Nikolai Rubinstein i ko lākou mau poʻo nui, a ʻoiai he ʻano kaulike ko Nikolai, ua hoʻomau ʻo ia i ka pāʻani wale nō. Ua wehewehe ʻo Venyavsky iaʻu i nā kikoʻī āpau o kēia "pūnaewele" pohihihi, e like me kāna, e hana me ka ʻole. Mai ko lākou hōʻea ʻana mai," i ʻōlelo mai ai ʻo ia iaʻu, "ma kahi o ʻelua pule i hala aku nei, ua hoʻolilo kēlā me kēia o lākou i 1000 francs i ka ʻoihana maʻamau, a mai ka lā mua loa e lawe mai iā lākou he 500 francs o ka waiwai i kēlā me kēia lā."

Ua kauo ʻo Rubinstein lāua ʻo Venyavsky iā Auer i kā lāua "hana" pū kekahi. Ua hana maikaʻi ka "pūnaewele" o nā hoa ʻelua no kekahi mau lā, a ua alakaʻi nā hoaaloha i kahi ola ʻoluʻolu a hauʻoli. "Ua hoʻomaka wau e loaʻa kaʻu mahele o ka loaʻa kālā a ke noʻonoʻo nei wau e haʻalele i kaʻu pou ma Düsseldorf i mea e loaʻa ai kahi hana mau ma Wiesbaden a i ʻole Baden-Baden e "hana" i kekahi mau hola i ka lā e like me ka "pūnaewele" kaulana ... akā ... i kekahi la i puka mai ai o Rubinstein, ua lilo na dala a pau.

- He aha kā mākou e hana ai i kēia manawa? Ninau au. – Hana? Pane akula ʻo ia, “e hana? “E ʻai ana kāua i ka ʻaina awakea!”

Nohoʻo Venyavsky ma Rusia a hiki i ka makahiki 1872. 4 mau makahiki ma mua o kēlā,ʻo ia hoʻi, i ka makahiki 1868, haʻaleleʻo ia i ka conservatory, e hāʻawi ana iā Auer. ʻO ka mea nui, ʻaʻole makemake ʻo ia e noho ma hope o ka haʻalele ʻana o Anton Rubinstein iā ia, ka mea i haʻalele i ka luna hoʻokele i ka makahiki 1867 ma muli o ke kūʻē ʻana me kekahi mau kumu. He hoaaloha nui ʻo Venyavsky no Rubinstein a, ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻo ke kūlana i ulu ʻia ma ka conservatory ma hope o ka haʻalele ʻana o Anton Grigorievich i lilo ʻole iā ia. No kona haʻalele ʻana mai Rusia i ka makahiki 1872, ma kēia mea paha, ʻo kona hakakā ʻana me ke kiaʻāina ʻo Warsaw, ka mea hoʻopau ikaika o ke aupuni o Polani, ʻo Count FF Berg.

I kekahi manawa, ma kahi ʻaha mele, ua loaʻa iā Wieniawski kahi kono mai Berg e kipa iā ia ma Warsaw e hāʻawi i kahi ʻahamele. Eia naʻe, i kona hiki ʻana i ke kiaʻāina, ua kipaku ʻo ia iā ia mai ke keʻena aku, me ka ʻōlelo ʻana ʻaʻohe ona manawa no nā ʻahamele. Haʻalele ʻo Venyavsky i ka adjutant:

"E haʻi mai ʻoe iaʻu, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ke aliʻi hope i nā malihini?" – ʻAe ʻae! wahi a ka ʻelele akamai. "ʻAʻohe aʻu mea e koho ai ma mua o ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana iā ʻoe," wahi a ka mea hoʻokani pila, me ke aloha ʻana i ka ʻelele.

I ka hōʻike ʻana o ka ʻelele i nā ʻōlelo a Wieniawski iā Berg, ua huhū ʻo ia a kauoha ʻo ia i ka mea pena kiʻi paʻakikī e hoʻouna ʻia i waho o Warsaw i ka hola 24 no ka hōʻino ʻana i kahi luna tsarist kiʻekiʻe. Ua ʻike ʻia ʻo Wieniawski me nā pua e ka mele mele holoʻokoʻa Warsaw. Akā ʻo ka mea i hana ʻia me ke kiaʻāina he hopena ia i kona kūlana ma ka ʻaha Lūkini. No laila, ma muli o ka makemake o nā kūlana, pono ʻo Venyavsky e haʻalele i ka ʻāina āna i hāʻawi ai i 12 o nā makahiki hana maikaʻi loa o kona ola.

ʻO ke ola ʻino, ka waina, ka pāʻani kāleka, ua hoʻohaʻahaʻa nā wahine i ke olakino o Wieniawski i ka wā mua. Ua hoʻomaka ka maʻi puʻuwai koʻikoʻi ma Rusia. ʻOi aku ka pōʻino iā ia, ʻo ia ka huakaʻi i ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa i ka makahiki 1872 me Anton Rubinstein, kahi i hāʻawi ai lākou i 244 mau ʻahamele i 215 mau lā. Eia kekahi, ua hoʻomau ʻo Venyavsky i ke alakaʻi ʻana i kahi ola hihiu. Ua hoʻomaka ʻo ia i kahi pilina me ka mea mele ʻo Paola Lucca. "Ma waena o nā mele hihiu o nā ʻaha mele a me nā hana, ua loaʻa i ka violinist ka manawa no ka pāʻani. Me he mea lā e puhi wale ana ʻo ia i kona ola, ʻaʻole e hoʻokoe i kona olakino maikaʻi ʻole.

ʻO ka wela, ka huhū, ka lawe ʻana i ke aloha, hiki iā Venyavsky ke hoʻopakele iā ia iho? Ma hope o nā mea a pau, ua puhiʻo ia i nā mea a pau - i ke kiʻi, i ke aloha, i ke ola. Eia kekahi, ʻaʻohe ona pilina pili uhane me kāna wahine. ʻO kahi bourgeois liʻiliʻi a hanohano, ua hānau ʻo ia i ʻehā mau keiki, akā ʻaʻole hiki iā ia, ʻaʻole makemake ʻo ia e lilo i kiʻekiʻe ma mua o ka honua o kāna ʻohana. ʻO ka ʻai ʻono wale nō kāna i mālama ai i kāna kāne. Ua hānai ʻo ia iā ia me ka ʻoiaʻiʻo ʻo Venyavsky, ka mea e momona a maʻi me ka puʻuwai, he mea weliweli loa ia. Ua noho malihini mai ka makemake hana o kana kane iaia. No laila, i loko o ka ʻohana, ʻaʻohe mea i mālama iā ia, ʻaʻohe mea i ʻoluʻolu iā ia. ʻAʻole ʻo Isabella iā ia ka mea a Josephine Aeder i Viet Nam, a ʻo Maria Malibran-Garcia iā Charles Bériot.

I ka makahiki 1874 ua hoʻi ʻo ia i ʻEulopa i ka maʻi nui. I ka hāʻule o ka makahiki hoʻokahi, ua kono ʻia ʻo ia i ka Conservatory Brussels e lawe i ke kūlana o ke kumu o ka violin ma kahi o ka Viettan i hoʻomaha. Ua ʻae ʻo Venyavsky. Ma waena o nā haumāna ʻē aʻe, ua aʻo pū ʻo Eugene Ysaye me ia. Eia naʻe, i kona ola ʻana mai kona maʻi, ua makemake ʻo Vietang e hoʻi i ka conservatory i ka makahiki 1877, hele ʻo Wieniawski e hālāwai me ia. Ua hiki hou mai nā makahiki o nā huakaʻi hoʻomau, a ʻo kēia me ke olakino luku loa!

Nowemapa 11, 1878 Ua hāʻawi ʻo Venyavsky i kahi ʻahamele ma Berlin. Ua lawe ʻo Joachim i kāna papa holoʻokoʻa i kāna ʻahamele. Ua hoʻopunipuni nā pūʻali iā ia, ua koi ʻia ʻo ia e pāʻani noho. Ma ka hapalua o ka ʻaha mele, ua hoʻōki ʻo ia i ka hoʻokani ʻana i ka pāʻani. A laila, i mea e hoʻopakele ai i ke kūlana, ua heʻe ʻo Joachim i ke kahua a hoʻopau i ke ahiahi ma ka pāʻani ʻana i ka Bach's Chaconne a me nā ʻāpana ʻē aʻe.

ʻO ka palekana kālā, ʻo ka pono e uku no kahi kulekele ʻinikua i koi iā Venyavsky e hoʻomau i ka hāʻawi ʻana i nā ʻahamele. I ka hopena o 1878, ma ke kono a Nikolai Rubinstein, ua hele ʻo ia i Moscow. ʻOiai i kēia manawa, hoʻopio kāna pāʻani i ka lehulehu. E pili ana i ka ʻaha mele, i hana ʻia ma Dekemaba 15, 1878, ua kākau lākou: "ʻO ka lehulehu a me ka mea i manaʻo ʻia iā mākou, ʻo ka mea pena ponoʻī, poina i nā mea āpau a lawe ʻia i kahi honua enchanted." ʻO ia ma kēia huakaʻi i hoʻokani ʻo Venyavsky i ka Kreutzer Sonata me Taneyev ma 17 Dekemaba.

ʻAʻole i lanakila ka ʻahamele. Eia hou, e like me ma Berlin, ua koi ʻia ka mea pena e hoʻopau i ka hana ma hope o ka hapa mua o ka sonata. ʻO Arno Gilf, he kumu ʻōpio ma Moscow Conservatory, ua hoʻopau i ka pāʻani nona.

Ma ka lā 22 o Kekemapa, ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo Venyavsky e komo i kahi ʻaha mele aloha no ke kōkua ʻana i nā wahine kāne make a me nā keiki makua ʻole o nā mea pena. I ka wā mua, makemake ʻo ia e pāʻani i ka Beethoven Concerto, akā ua hoʻololi ʻo ia me ka Mendelssohn Concerto. Eia naʻe, me ka manaʻo ʻaʻole hiki iā ia ke pāʻani i kahi ʻāpana nui, ua hoʻoholo ʻo ia e hoʻopaʻa iā ia iho i ʻelua ʻāpana - Beethoven's Romance in F major a me The Legend of his own composition. ʻAʻole naʻe ʻo ia i hoʻokō i kēia manaʻo - ma hope o Romance ua haʻalele ʻo ia i ke kahua.

Ma kēia moku'āina, ua haʻalele ʻo Venyavsky i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o 1879 no ka hema o Rusia. Pēlā i hoʻomaka ai kāna huakaʻi ʻahamele hope loa. ʻO ka hoa ʻo ia ka mea mele Farani kaulana ʻo Desiree Artaud. Ua hōʻea lākou i Odessa, kahi, ma hope o ʻelua mau hana (Fepuari 9 a me 11), ua maʻi ʻo Venyavsky. ʻAʻohe nīnau no ka hoʻomau ʻana i ka huakaʻi. Ua moe ʻo ia ma ka haukapila no ʻelua mahina, me ka paʻakikī i hāʻawi (ʻApelila 14) i kahi ʻaha mele hou a hoʻi i Moscow. I ka lā 20 o Nowemapa, 1879, ua loaʻa hou ka maʻi iā Wieniawski. Ua hoʻonoho ʻia ʻo ia i loko o ka haukapila Mariinsky, akā ma ke koi ʻana o ka philanthropist Lūkini kaulana ʻo NF von Meck, i ka lā 14 o Pepeluali, 1880, ua hoʻoneʻe ʻia ʻo ia i kona hale, kahi i hāʻawi ʻia ai ʻo ia me ka nānā a me ka mālama ʻokoʻa. Ua hoʻonohonoho nā hoaaloha o ka mea hoʻokani pila i kahi ʻahamele ma St. Petersburg, a ʻo nā mea i loaʻa mai ia mea i lilo i uku no ke kulekele ʻinikua a hāʻawi i ka ʻohana Wieniawski me kahi uku inikua. Ua hele ʻo AG a me NG Rubinstein i ka ʻahamele, K. Davydov, L. Auer, ke kaikunāne o ka mea hoʻokani pila ʻo Józef Wieniawski a me nā mea pena kiʻi nui ʻē aʻe.

Ma Malaki 31, 1880 ua make ʻo Venyavsky. "Ua nalowale mākou i loko ona he mea hoʻokani pila ʻole," i kākau ai ʻo P. Tchaikovsky von Meck, "a he haku mele kaulana loa. Ma kēia ʻano, manaʻo wau ʻo Wieniawski he makana nui loa. ʻO kāna Legend nani a me kekahi mau wahi o ka concerto c-minor e hōʻike ana i kahi kālena hana koʻikoʻi.

Ma ʻApelila 3, ua mālama ʻia kahi hana hoʻomanaʻo ma Moscow. Ma lalo o ke alakaʻi ʻana a N. Rubinstein, ua hoʻokani ke mele mele, mele a me nā mea hoʻokani solo o ka Bolshoi Theatre i ka Mozart's Requiem. A laila lawe ʻia ka pahu me ka lehu o Wieniawski i Warsaw.

Ua hōʻea ka huakaʻi hoʻolewa i Warsaw i ka lā 8 ʻApelila. Ua kanikau ke kulanakauhale. “Ma ka halepule nui o St. Cross, i uhi ʻia i ka lole kanikau, ma luna o kahi kaʻa kupapaʻu kiʻekiʻe, i hoʻopuni ʻia e nā kukui kālā a me nā kukui ʻā, hoʻomaha ʻia kahi pahu kupapaʻu, i kāhiko ʻia me ka veveveti poni a hoʻonani ʻia me nā pua. He nui na lei kupanaha e waiho ana ma ka pahu kupapau a ma ke alapii o ke kaa kupapau. Ma waenakonu o ka pahu kupapaʻu e waiho ana ka violin o ka mea pena kiʻi nui, nā pua a me ka pale kanikau. Hoʻokani nā mea pena o ka opera Polani, nā haumāna o ka conservatory a me nā lālā o ka hui mele i ka Moniuszko's Requiem. Koe nae o "Ave, Maria" na Cherubini, na hana wale no na ka poe haku mele Polani i hanaia. Ua hoʻokani ʻo G. Bartsevich i ke mele mele mele ʻo Venyavsky, me ka hoʻokani pila.

No laila ua ʻike ke kapikala Polani i ka mea pena i kāna huakaʻi hope loa. Ua kanuʻiaʻo ia, e like me kona makemake pono'ī, āna i hōʻike pinepine ai ma mua o kona makeʻana, ma ka hale kupapaʻu o Povoznkovsky.

L. Raaben