Renata Tebaldi (Renata Tebaldi) |

Renata Tebaldi

No ka poʻe i lohe iā Tebaldi, ʻaʻole ia he mea pohihihi kona lanakila ʻana. Ua wehewehe ʻia lākou, ʻo ka mea mua, e nā mana leo kūʻokoʻa. ʻO kāna soprano lyric-dramatic, ʻaʻole i loaʻa i ka nani a me ka ikaika, ma lalo o nā pilikia virtuoso, akā like me nā ʻano o ka hōʻike. Ua kapa ka poʻe hoʻohewa ʻo Italia i kona leo he hana mana, e hōʻike ana i ka hiki ʻole i nā soprano dramatic ke loaʻa ka maʻalahi a me ka maʻemaʻe o kahi soprano lyric.

Ua hānau ʻia ʻo Renata Tebaldi ma Pepeluali 1, 1922 ma Pesarro. ʻO kona makuakāne he cellist a pāʻani i nā hale opera liʻiliʻi ma ka ʻāina, a ʻo kona makuahine he mele mele. Mai ka makahiki ʻewalu, hoʻomaka ʻo Renata e aʻo i ka piano me kahi kumu pilikino a hoʻohiki ʻo ia e lilo i piano piano maikaʻi. I ka makahiki ʻumikūmāhiku, ua komo ʻo ia i ka Pesar Conservatory ma ka piano. Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole i liʻuliʻu, ua hoʻohuli ka poʻe akamai i ka manaʻo i kāna mau leo ​​leo koʻikoʻi, a ua hoʻomaka ʻo Renata e aʻo me Campogallani ma ka Parma Conservatory ma ke ʻano he leo leo. Eia kekahi, lawe ʻo ia i nā haʻawina mai ka mea pena kaulana ʻo Carmen Melis, a ke aʻo pū nei hoʻi i nā ʻāpana opera me J. Pais.

Ma ka lā 23 o Mei, 1944, ua hoʻomaka ʻo ia ma Rovigo ma ke ʻano he Elena ma Boito's Mephistopheles. Akā ma hope wale nō o ka pau ʻana o ke kaua, ua hiki iā Renata ke hoʻomau i ka hana ʻana i ka opera. I ka makahiki 194546, hīmeni ke mele ʻōpio ma ka Parma Teatro Regio, a ma 1946 hoʻokani ʻo ia ma Trieste ma Verdi's Otello. ʻO ia ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke ala maikaʻi o ka mea pena "The Song of the Willow" a me ka pule a Desdemona "Ave Maria" i manaʻo nui i ka lehulehu. ʻO ka lanakila ma kēia kūlanakauhale liʻiliʻi o Italia i hāʻawi iā ia i ka manawa e hoʻokani ai ma La Scala. Ua hoʻokomo ʻia ʻo Renata i ka papa inoa o nā leo leo i hōʻike ʻia e Toscanini i kāna hoʻomākaukau ʻana no ke kau hou. I ka ʻaha mele a Toscanini, i hana ʻia ma ke kahua o La Scala i ka lā nui o Mei 11, 1946, ʻo Tebaldi ka mea hoʻokahi wale nō, ʻaʻole i ʻike mua i ka poʻe Milanese.

ʻO ka ʻike ʻana iā Arturo Toscanini a me ka lanakila nui ma Milan i wehe i nā manawa ākea no Renata Tebaldi i ka manawa pōkole. ʻO "La divina Renata", e like me ka mea i kapa ʻia ma Italia, ua lilo i mea punahele maʻamau o ka poʻe hoʻolohe ʻEulopa a me ʻAmelika. ʻAʻohe mea kānalua ua hoʻonui ʻia ka hana opera Italia me kahi kālena koʻikoʻi. Ua ʻae koke ʻia ka mea mele ʻōpio i loko o ka hui a i ke kau aʻe ua hīmeni ʻo ia iā Elisabeth ma Lohengrin, Mimi ma La Boheme, Eve ma Tannhäuser, a laila nā ʻāpana alakaʻi ʻē aʻe. ʻO nā hana a pau o ka mea pena i pili i ka hale keaka maikaʻi loa ma Italia, ma ke kahua āna i hana ai i kēlā me kēia makahiki.

ʻO nā mea nui loa o ka mea mele e pili ana i ka hale kiʻiʻoniʻoni La Scala - Marguerite ma Gounod's Faust, Elsa ma Wagner's Lohengrin, nā wahi soprano waena ma La Traviata, The Force of Destiny, Verdi's Aida, Tosca a me La Boheme. Puccini.

Akā me kēia, ua hīmeni maikaʻi ʻo Tebaldi i nā makahiki he 40 i nā hale kiʻiʻoniʻoni maikaʻi loa ma Italia, a ma nā makahiki 50 - ma ʻEnelani, USA, Austria, Farani, Argentina a me nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe. No ka manawa lōʻihi, ua hui ʻo ia i kāna mau hana ma ke ʻano he soloist ma La Scala me nā hana maʻamau ma ka Metropolitan Opera. Ua hui pū ka mea pena me nā alakaʻi nui o kona manawa, hāʻawi i nā ʻaha mele he nui, a hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma nā moʻolelo.

Akā i ka waena o 50s, ʻaʻole i mahalo nā kānaka a pau iā Tebaldi. Eia ka mea hiki iā ʻoe ke heluhelu i ka puke o ka Italian tenor Giacomo Lauri-Volpi "Vocal Parallels":

“Ma ke ʻano he mele kūikawā, ʻo Renata Tebaldi, me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā huaʻōlelo haʻuki, holo kaʻawale i ka mamao, a ʻo ka mea holo hoʻokahi e hele mau i ka laina hoʻopau. ʻAʻohe ona mea hoʻohālike a ʻaʻohe mea hoʻokūkū ... ʻAʻohe mea e kū wale i kona ala, akā e hoʻolilo iā ia i kahi ʻano hoʻokūkū. ʻAʻole kēia he hoʻāʻo e hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ka hanohano o kāna mau leo. ʻO ka mea ʻē aʻe, hiki ke hoʻopaʻapaʻa ʻia ʻo ka "Song of the Willow" wale nō a me ka pule a Desdemona ma hope o ia e hōʻike i ke kiʻekiʻe o ka ʻōlelo mele e hiki ai i kēia mea pena kiʻi. Akā naʻe, ʻaʻole kēia i pale iā ia mai ka ʻike ʻana i ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana o ka hana ʻole ʻana i ka hana ʻo Milan ʻo La Traviata, a i ka manawa wale nō i manaʻo ai ua hopu ʻo ia i ka puʻuwai o ka lehulehu. ʻO ka ʻawaʻawa o kēia hoʻohaʻahaʻa i hōʻeha nui i ka ʻuhane o ke kanaka ʻōpio.

ʻO ka mea pōmaikaʻi, ua hala ka manawa liʻiliʻi a, e hana ana i ka opera hoʻokahi ma ka hale keaka Neapolitan "San Carlo", ua aʻo ʻo ia i ka nāwaliwali o ka lanakila.

ʻO ka hīmeni ʻana a Tebaldi ka mea e hoʻoulu ai i ka maluhia a hāliʻi i ka pepeiao, piha i nā aka palupalu a me ka chiaroscuro. Ua hoʻoheheʻe ʻia kona ʻano i loko o kāna mau leo, e like me ke kō i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i loko o ka wai, e ʻono a waiho ʻole i nā meheu ʻike ʻia.

Akā ua hala nā makahiki ʻelima, a ua koi ʻia ʻo Lauri-Volpi e ʻae i kāna mau ʻike i hala e pono ai nā hoʻoponopono nui. "I kēia lā," i kākau ai ʻo ia, "ʻo ia hoʻi, i ka makahiki 1960, loaʻa i ka leo o Tebaldi nā mea āpau: ʻoluʻolu, mahana, paʻa a hiki i ka leo holoʻokoʻa." ʻOiaʻiʻo, mai ka hapa ʻelua o nā makahiki 50, ke ulu nei ka kaulana o Tebaldi i kēlā me kēia kau. ʻO nā huakaʻi holomua i nā hale kiʻiʻoniʻoni nui loa o ʻEulopa, ka lanakila ʻana o ka ʻāina ʻAmelika, nā lanakila kiʻekiʻe ma ka Metropolitan Opera ... ʻO nā ʻāpana i hana ʻia e ka mea mele, ʻo ka helu o ia mea kokoke i kanalima, pono e nānā i nā ʻāpana o Adrienne. Lecouvreur ma ka opera o ka inoa like na Cilea, Elvira ma Mozart's Don Giovanni, Matilda ma Rossini's Wilhelm Tell, Leonora ma Verdi's The Force of Destiny, Madame Butterfly ma Puccini's opera, Tatiana ma Tchaikovsky's Eugene Onegin. ʻAʻole hiki ke hoʻopaʻapaʻa ʻia ka mana o Renata Tebaldi i ka honua keaka. ʻO Maria Callas wale nō kāna hoʻokūkū kūpono. ʻO kā lākou hoʻokūkū i hoʻoulu i ka noʻonoʻo o nā mea hoʻokani opera. Ua hāʻawi nui lāua ʻelua i ka waihona o ka leo leo o ko kākou kenekulia.

"ʻO ka mana hiki ʻole o ka hana a Tebaldi," wahi a ka loea kaulana i ka hana leo ʻo VV Timokhin - i ka leo o ka nani a me ka mana, ʻoluʻolu ʻole a palupalu i nā manawa lyrical, a i nā ʻano hana hoʻohiwahiwa e hoʻohauʻoli ʻia me ka huhū ahi, a, ʻoi aku hoʻi. , ma kahi ʻano hana kupanaha o ka hana a me ke mele kiʻekiʻe… Aia ʻo Tebaldi kekahi o nā leo maikaʻi loa o kā mākou kenekulia. He mea hana kupanaha maoli kēia, ʻoiai ʻo ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana e hōʻike i kona nani. ʻOliʻoli ka leo o Tebaldi me kāna leo "sparkling", "sparkling" leo, kahaha ke akaka, like ka nani ma fortissimo a me nā pianissimo kupua ma ka papa inoa luna, a me ka lōʻihi o ka laulā, a me ka timbre kukui. Ma nā ʻāpana i hoʻopiha ʻia me ka ʻehaʻeha o ka naʻau, kani ka leo o ka mea pena e like me ka maʻalahi, manuahi, a maʻalahi hoʻi e like me ka cantilena mālie a mālie. ʻO kāna mau papa inoa he ʻano maikaʻi loa, a ʻo ka waiwai o nā aka ikaika i ka hīmeni ʻana, ʻōlelo maikaʻi loa, ka hoʻohana akamai ʻana i ka arsenal a pau o nā kala timbre e ka mea mele e hāʻawi hou i ka manaʻo nui āna i hana ai i ka lehulehu.

He malihini ʻo Tebaldi i ka makemake e "'ālohilohi me ke kani", e hōʻike i ka makemake "Italia" o ka hīmeni ʻana, me ka nānā ʻole i ke ʻano o ke mele (ʻo ia ka mea e hana hewa pinepine ai kekahi mau mea pena kiʻi Italia). Hoʻoikaika ʻo ia e hahai i ka ʻono maikaʻi a me ka noʻonoʻo noʻeau i nā mea āpau. ʻOiai ʻaʻole lawa nā wahi “maʻamau” i kāna hana i kekahi manawa, ma ke ʻano holoʻokoʻa, ʻo ka hīmeni ʻana a Tebaldi e hoʻohauʻoli mau i ka poʻe hoʻolohe.

He mea paʻakikī ke hoʻopoina i ke kani ʻana o ke kani i loko o ka monologue a me ke ʻano o ke aloha ʻana i kāna keiki ("Madama Butterfly"), ka piʻi ʻana o ka manaʻo nui i ka hopena o "La Traviata", ke ʻano "fades" a me ka hoʻopā ʻana. ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo o ka duet hope ma "Aida" a me ke kala palupalu a me ke kaumaha o ka "mālo" i ke aloha Mimi. ʻO ka hoʻokokoke ʻana o ka mea pena i ka hana, ʻike ʻia ke kiʻi o kona mau manaʻo noʻeau ma kēlā me kēia māhele āna e hīmeni ai.

Ua loaʻa i ka mea mele ka manawa e alakaʻi ai i kahi hana ʻaha mele, e hoʻokani i nā mele aloha, nā mele mele, a me nā arias he nui mai nā keaka; ʻo ka hope, e komo i ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i nā hana opera i loaʻa ʻole iā ia ka manawa e hele ai ma ke kahua; Ua ʻike nā poʻe aloha leo phonograph iā ia i ka Madame Butterfly nani, ʻaʻole ʻike iā ia ma kēia hana.

Mahalo i kahi regimen koʻikoʻi, hiki iā ia ke mālama i ke ʻano maikaʻi no nā makahiki he nui. I ka manawa, ma mua koke o kona lā hānau he kanalima, ua hoʻomaka ka mea pena i ka piha piha, i loko o kekahi mau mahina ua hoʻokō ʻo ia i ka nalowale ʻoi aku ma mua o iwakālua mau paona keu a ʻike hou ʻia i mua o ka lehulehu, ʻoi aku ka nani a me ka nani ma mua o ka wā ma mua.

Ua hālāwai nā mea hoʻolohe o ko mākou ʻāina iā Tebaldi wale nō i ka hāʻule o 1975, aia i ka hopena o kāna ʻoihana. Akā, ua ola ka mea mele i nā mana'o ki'eki'e, e hana ana ma Moscow, Leningrad, Kyiv. Ua hīmeni ʻo ia i nā Arias mai nā keaka a me nā leo liʻiliʻi me ka mana lanakila. "ʻAʻole pili ka mākaukau o ka mea mele i ka manawa. Hoʻopiʻi mau kāna kiʻi me kona lokomaikaʻi a me ka maʻalahi o ka nuance, ka hemolele o ka ʻenehana, ka like o ka ʻepekema kani. ʻEono kaukani poʻe aloha mele, nāna i hoʻopiha i ka hale nui o ka Hale Aliʻi o Congress i kēlā ahiahi, hoʻokipa maikaʻi i ka mea mele maikaʻi, ʻaʻole i ʻae iā ia e haʻalele i ke kahua no ka manawa lōʻihi, "i kākau ai ka nūpepa Sovetskaya Kultura.