Joseph Joachim (Joseph Joachim) |

Joseph Ioakima

Aia kekahi poʻe i hoʻokaʻawale i ka manawa a me ke kaiapuni kahi i koi ʻia ai lākou e noho; Aia kekahi poʻe i hoʻohālikelike i nā ʻano kumuhana, ka ʻike honua a me nā koi noʻeau me ka wehewehe ʻana i nā ʻano ideological a me ka nani o ke au. Mawaena o ka poe hope no Ioakima. ʻO ia "e like me Joachim", ma ke ʻano he "kūpono" nui loa, ua hoʻoholo nā mea kākau moʻolelo mele ʻo Vasilevsky lāua ʻo Moser i nā hōʻailona nui o ke ʻano unuhi i ka hana violin o ka hapa lua o ke kenekulia XNUMX.

Ua hānau ʻia ʻo Josef (Joseph) Joachim ma Iune 28, 1831 ma ke kūlanakauhale ʻo Kopchen kokoke i Bratislava, ke kapikala o Slovakia i kēia manawa. He 2 makahiki ʻo ia i ka neʻe ʻana o kona mau mākua i Pest, kahi, i ka makahiki 8, ua hoʻomaka ka violinist e hiki mai ana i nā haʻawina mai ka violinist Polani ʻo Stanislav Serwaczyński, e noho ana ma laila. Wahi a Joachim, he kumu maikaʻi ʻo ia, ʻoiai me kekahi mau hemahema i kona hānai ʻana, ʻo ka mea nui e pili ana i ka ʻenehana o ka lima ʻākau, ua hakakā ʻo Joachim ma hope. Ua aʻo ʻo ia iā Joachim me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā haʻawina o Bayo, Rode, Kreutzer, nā pāʻani o Berio, Maiseder, etc.

I ka makahiki 1839 hele mai ʻo Joachim i Vienna. Ua ʻālohilohi ke kapikala ʻo Austrian me kahi hui o nā mea hoʻokani pila, ʻo ia hoʻi ʻo Josef Böhm lāua ʻo Georg Helmesberger i kū i waho. Ma hope o kekahi mau haʻawina mai M. Hauser, hele ʻo Joachim i Helmesberger. Akā naʻe, ua haʻalele koke ʻo ia iā ia, me ka hoʻoholo ʻana ua mālama ʻole ʻia ka lima ʻākau o ka violinist ʻōpio. ʻO ka mea pōmaikaʻi, ua hoihoi ʻo W. Ernst iā Joachim a ua ʻōlelo ʻo ia e huli ka makuakāne o ke keiki iā Bem.

Ma hope o 18 mau mahina o nā papa me Bem, ua hana ʻo Joachim i kāna hōʻike mua ma Vienna. Ua hoʻokani ʻo ia iā Ernst's Othello, a ua ʻike ka ʻōlelo hoʻohewa i ke kūlana oʻo, hohonu, a me ka piha o ka wehewehe ʻana no kahi keiki prodigy.

Eia naʻe, ua aieʻo Joachim i ka hoʻokumuʻiaʻana o konaʻano ma keʻano he mea hoʻokani pila-manaʻo, mea hoʻokani pilaʻaʻole iā Boehm a, ma keʻano nui,ʻaʻole i Vienna, akā i ka Leipzig Conservatory, kahi āna i hele ai i ka makahiki 1843. ʻO ka conservatory German mua i hoʻokumuʻia e Mendelssohn he mau kumu maikaʻi loa. Ua alakaʻi ʻia nā papa violin e F. David, he hoaaloha pili loa o Mendelssohn. Ua lilo ʻo Leipzig i kēia manawa i ke kikowaena mele nui loa ma Kelemānia. Ua hoʻokipa ka hale ʻaha mele kaulana ʻo Gewandhaus i nā mea hoʻokani pila a puni ka honua.

ʻO ka lewa mele o Leipzig he mana koʻikoʻi iā Joachim. ʻO Mendelssohn, ʻo David lāua ʻo Hauptmann, kahi i aʻo ai ʻo Joachim i ka haku mele, ua hana nui i kāna hānai ʻana. ʻO nā poʻe mele hoʻonaʻauao kiʻekiʻe, ua hoʻomohala lākou i ke kanaka ʻōpio ma nā ʻano āpau. Ua hoʻopio ʻia ʻo Mendelssohn e Joachim i ka hālāwai mua. I kona lohe ʻana i kāna Concerto i hana ʻia e ia, ua hauʻoli ʻo ia: "ʻAe, ʻo ʻoe koʻu ʻānela me kahi trombone," i hoʻohenehene ʻo ia, e pili ana i kahi keikikāne momona a ʻulaʻula.

ʻAʻohe papa kūikawā ma ka papa o David ma ke ʻano maʻamau o ka huaʻōlelo; ua kaupalena ʻia nā mea a pau i ka ʻōlelo aʻo a ke kumu i ka haumāna. ʻAe, ʻaʻole pono e "aʻo ʻia" ʻo Joachim, no ka mea, ua hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻia ʻo ia ma Leipzig. Ua lilo nā haʻawina i mele home me ke komo ʻana o Mendelssohn, nāna i pāʻani me Joachim.

3 mau mahina ma hope o kona hōʻea ʻana i Leipzig, ua hoʻokani ʻo Joachim i hoʻokahi mele me Pauline Viardot, Mendelssohn a me Clara Schumann. Ma ka lā 19 a me 27 o Mei, 1844, ua mālama ʻia kāna mau ʻahamele ma Lākana, kahi āna i hoʻokani ai i ka Beethoven Concerto (Mendelssohn i alakaʻi i ka orchestra); Ma ka lā 11 o Mei, 1845, hoʻokani ʻo ia i ka Mendelssohn's Concerto ma Dresden (R. Schumann i alakaʻi i ka orchestra). Hōʻike kēia mau ʻike i ka ʻike wikiwiki ʻole ʻia o Joachim e nā mea hoʻokani pila o ka wā.

I ka piha ʻana o Joachim i 16, ua kono ʻo Mendelssohn iā ia e lawe i kahi kūlana ma ke ʻano he kumu ma ka conservatory a me ka haku mele o ka Gewandhaus orchestra. Ua haʻi ʻo Joachim hope me kāna kumu mua ʻo F. David.

Ua paʻakikī ʻo Joachim i ka make ʻana o Mendelssohn, ma hope o Nowemapa 4, 1847, no laila ua ʻae ʻo ia i ke kono a Liszt a neʻe aku i Weimar i ka makahiki 1850. ʻO Liszt, hoʻoikaika ʻo ia e kamaʻilio kokoke me ia a me kāna pōʻai. Eia nō naʻe, ua hānai ʻia ʻo ia e Mendelssohn lāua ʻo Schumann i nā kuʻuna hoʻonaʻauao koʻikoʻi, ua lilo koke ʻo ia i disillusioned me nā ʻano nani o ke "kula Kelemania hou" a hoʻomaka ʻo ia e loiloi koʻikoʻi iā Liszt. Ua kākau pololei ʻo J. Milstein ʻo Joachim ka mea, ma hope o Schumann lāua ʻo Balzac, i hoʻokumu i ke kumu no ka manaʻo he mea hoʻokani maikaʻi ʻo Liszt a he haku mele mediocre. "Ma nā leka āpau o Liszt hiki ke lohe i ka wahaheʻe," i kākau ai ʻo Joachim.

ʻO nā kū'ē'ē i hoʻomakaʻia, ua ulu aʻe ka makemake iā Joachim e haʻalele iā Weimar, a i ka makahiki 1852 ua heleʻo ia me ka hōʻoluʻolu i Hanover e pani i kahi o Georg Helmesberger i make, ke keiki a kāna kumu Viennese.

He mea nui ʻo Hanover i ke ola o Joachim. ʻO ke aliʻi makapō Hanoverian he mea aloha nui i ke mele a mahalo nui i kāna talena. Ma Hannover, ua hoʻomohala piha ʻia ka hana aʻoaʻo a ka violinist nui. Ma ʻaneʻi ua aʻo pū ʻo Auer me ia, e like me kāna mau hoʻoholo e hiki ke hoʻoholo ʻia i kēia manawa ua lawa pono nā kumu aʻo a Joachim. Ma Hanover, ua hana ʻo Joachim i kekahi mau hana, me ka Hungarian Violin Concerto, kāna haku mele maikaʻi loa.

I Mei 1853, ma hope o ka ʻaha mele ma Düsseldorf kahi āna i hana ai ma ke ʻano he alakaʻi, ua lilo ʻo Joachim i mau hoaaloha me Robert Schumann. Ua mālama ʻo ia i nā pilina me Schumann a hiki i ka make ʻana o ka haku mele. ʻO Joachim kekahi o nā mea liʻiliʻi i kipa aku i ka maʻi Schumann ma Endenich. Ua mālama ʻia kāna mau leka iā Clara Schumann e pili ana i kēia mau kipa ʻana, kahi āna i kākau ai ma ka hālāwai mua ua loaʻa iā ia ka manaʻolana no ka hoʻōla ʻana o ka mea haku mele, akā naʻe, ua pau loa ia i kona hiki ʻana mai i ka lua o ka manawa: “.

Ua hoʻolaʻa ʻo Schumann i ka Fantasia for Violin (op. 131) iā Joachim a ua hāʻawi aku i ka manuscript o ka hoʻokani piano i nā caprices o Paganini, āna i hana ai i nā makahiki hope o kona ola ʻana.

Ma Hanover, i Mei 1853, hui ʻo Joachim me Brahms (he haku mele ʻike ʻole ʻia ia manawa). I ko lākou hui mua ʻana, ua hoʻokumu ʻia kahi pilina aloha ma waena o lākou, i hoʻopaʻa ʻia e kahi ʻano maʻamau o nā manaʻo aesthetic. Ua hāʻawiʻo Joachim iā Brahms i kahi leka kākoʻo iā Liszt, kono i ka hoaaloha'ōpio i kona wahi ma Göttingen no ke kauwela, kahi i hoʻolohe ai lākou i nā'ōlelo aʻo no ke akeakamai ma ke kulanui kaulana.

Ua hana nui ʻo Joachim i ke ola o Brahms, e hana nui ana e ʻike i kāna hana. I ka huli ʻana, ua nui ka hopena o Brahms iā Joachim ma nā huaʻōlelo a me ka nani. Ma lalo o ka mana o Brahms, ua haʻi hope ʻo Joachim me Liszt a ua komo ikaika i ka hakakā ʻana i ke "kula Kelemania hou".

Me ka huhū iā Liszt, ua manaʻo ʻo Joachim i ka ʻoi aku o ka huhū iā Wagner, ʻo ia hoʻi, ua like pū kekahi. I loko o kahi puke e pili ana i ke alakaʻi ʻana, ua "hoʻolaʻa" ʻo Wagner i nā laina ʻoi loa iā Joachim.

I ka makahiki 1868, noho ʻo Joachim ma Berlin, kahi i koho ʻia ai ʻo ia i luna hoʻomalu o ka conservatory hou i wehe ʻia. Ua noho ʻo ia ma kēia kūlana a hiki i ka hopena o kona ola ʻana. Mai waho mai, ʻaʻole i hoʻopaʻa ʻia nā hanana nui ma kāna moʻolelo. Hoʻopuni ʻia ʻo ia e ka hanohano a me ka mahalo, ʻo nā haumāna mai nā wahi a pau o ke ao holoʻokoʻa iā ia, alakaʻi ʻo ia i ka ʻaha mele ikaika - solo a me ka hui - nā hana.

ʻElua manawa (i ka makahiki 1872, 1884) ua hele mai ʻo Joachim i Rusia, kahi i mālama ʻia ai kāna mau hana ma ke ʻano he soloist a me nā ahiahi quartet me ka lanakila nui. Hāʻawi ʻo ia iā Rusia i kāna haumāna maikaʻi loa, ʻo L. Auer, nāna i hoʻomau ma ʻaneʻi a hoʻomohala i nā kuʻuna o kāna kumu nui. ʻO nā violinists Lūkini ʻo I. Kotek, K. Grigorovich, I. Nalbandyan, I. Ryvkind i hele iā Joachim e hoʻomaikaʻi i kā lākou hana.

Ma ʻApelila 22, 1891, ua hoʻolauleʻa ʻia ka lā hānau o Joachim he 60 makahiki ma Berlin. Ua mālama ʻia ka hanohano ma ka ʻahamele hoʻomanaʻo; ʻO ka string orchestra, koe naʻe nā pahu pālua, ua koho wale ʻia mai nā haumāna o ka meʻe o ka lā - 24 mua a me ka helu like o nā violins lua, 32 violas, 24 cellos.

I nā makahiki i hala iho nei, ua hana nui ʻo Joachim me kāna haumāna a me kāna mea kākau moʻolelo ʻo A. Moser ma ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i nā sonatas a me nā partitas e J.-S. ʻO Bach, nā quartets a Beethoven. Ua komo nui ʻo ia i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ke kula violin a A. Moser, no laila ua ʻike ʻia kona inoa ma ke ʻano he mea kākau. Ma kēia kula, ua paʻa kāna mau kumu aʻo.

Ua make ʻo Joachim ma ʻAukake 15, 1907.

ʻO nā mea kākau moʻolelo o Joachim Moser a me Vasilevsky e loiloi nui i kāna mau hana, me ka manaʻo ʻo ia ka mea i loaʻa ka hanohano o ka "ʻike" i ka violin Bach, e hoʻolaha ana i ka Concerto a me Beethoven quartets hope loa. No ka laʻana, kākau ʻo Moser: "Inā he kanakolu mau makahiki i hala aku nei he hapa wale o ka poʻe loea i makemake i ka Beethoven hope loa, i kēia manawa, mahalo i ka hoʻomau nui ʻana o ka Joachim Quartet, ua piʻi ka nui o nā mea mahalo i nā palena ākea. ʻAʻole pili kēia i Berlin a me Lākana, kahi i hāʻawi mau ai ka Quartet i nā ʻahamele. Ma na wahi a pau e noho a hana ai na haumana a ka haku, a hiki i Amerika, ke hoomau nei ka hana a Joachim a me kana Quartet.

No laila ua hoʻololi ʻia ka hanana epochal iā Joachim. ʻO ka puka ʻana o ka hoihoi i ka mele a Bach, ka concerto violin a me nā quartets hope loa a Beethoven e hana nei ma nā wahi āpau. He hana maʻamau ia i hoʻomohala ʻia ma nā ʻāina ʻEulopa me kahi moʻomeheu mele kiʻekiʻe. Hooponopono i na hana a J.-S. ʻO Bach, ʻo Beethoven ma ke kahua ʻaha mele e hana maoli ʻia i ka waena o ke kenekulia XNUMX, akā hoʻomaka kā lākou hoʻolaha ma mua o Joachim, e wehe ana i ke ala no kāna mau hana.

Ua hoʻokani ʻia ka concerto a Beethoven e Tomasini ma Berlin i ka makahiki 1812, na Baio ma Paris i ka makahiki 1828, na Viettan ma Vienna i ka makahiki 1833. ʻO Viet Tang kekahi o nā mea kaulana mua o kēia hana. Ua hoʻokō maikaʻi ʻia ka Beethoven Concerto ma St. Petersburg e L. Maurer i ka makahiki 1834, na Ulrich ma Leipzig i ka makahiki 1836. Ma ka "revival" o Bach, he mea nui nā hana a Mendelssohn, Clara Schumann, Bulow, Reinecke a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. No nā quartets hope loa a Beethoven, ma mua o Joachim, ua nānā nui lākou i ka Joseph Helmesberger Quartet, i ka makahiki 1858 i hoʻomaka ai e hoʻokō i ka Quartet Fugue (Op. 133).

Ua hoʻokomo ʻia nā quartets hope loa a Beethoven i ka repertoire o ka hui i alakaʻi ʻia e Ferdinand Laub. Ma Rūsia, ʻo ka hana ʻana a Lipinski i nā quartets Beethoven hope loa ma ka hale o Dollmaker i ka makahiki 1839 i hoʻopio iā Glinka. I ko lākou noho ʻana ma St. Petersburg, hoʻokani pinepine ʻia lākou e Vietanne i nā hale o nā Vielgorskys a me Stroganovs, a mai ka makahiki 50 ua komo paʻa lākou i ka repertoire o ka Albrecht, Auer, a me Laub Quartets.

ʻO ka hāʻawi nui ʻana o kēia mau hana a me ka hoihoi iā lākou i hiki ke hiki wale i ka waena o ke kenekulia XNUMX, ʻaʻole no ka mea i ʻike ʻia ʻo Joachim, akā no ka lewa pili i hana ʻia i kēlā manawa.

Pono naʻe ka pono e ʻike aia kekahi ʻoiaʻiʻo i kā Moser loiloi i ka pono o Joachim. Aia ia ma ka ʻoiaʻiʻo ua hana nui ʻo Joachim i ka hoʻolaha ʻana a me ka hoʻolaha ʻana i nā hana a Bach a me Beethoven. ʻO kā lākou hoʻolaha ʻana he mea kānalua ka hana o kona ola hana holoʻokoʻa. I ka pale ʻana i kāna mau manaʻo, ua kūpaʻa ʻo ia, ʻaʻole i hoʻohālikelike ʻia i nā mea noʻeau. Ma nā hiʻohiʻona o kāna hakakā nui no ka mele a Brahms, kona pilina me Wagner, Liszt, hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i kona kūpaʻa ʻana i kāna mau hoʻoholo. Hōʻike ʻia kēia i loko o nā loina nani o Joachim, ka mea i makemake nui i ka poʻe kahiko a ʻae i kekahi mau hiʻohiʻona wale nō mai ka palapala virtuoso romantic. Ua ʻike ʻia kona ʻano koʻikoʻi iā Paganini, ʻo ia ka mea maʻamau me ke kūlana o Spohr.

Inā hoʻohaʻahaʻa kekahi mea iā ia ma ka hana a ka poʻe haku mele kokoke iā ia, ua paʻa ʻo ia ma nā kūlana o ka pili pono i nā loina. ʻO ka ʻatikala a J. Breitburg e pili ana iā Joachim, ʻōlelo ʻo ia, ua ʻike ʻo ia i ka nui o nā "non-Bachian" i ka hui pū ʻana o Schumann i nā cello suites o Bach, ua ʻōlelo kūʻē ʻo ia i kā lākou paʻi ʻana a kākau iā Clara Schumann ʻaʻole pono e "hoʻohui i ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ... a lau maloʻo” i ka lei make ʻole o ka haku mele . Ke noʻonoʻo nei ʻo Schumann i ka concerto violin, i kākau ʻia i ʻeono mahina ma mua o kona make ʻana, he haʻahaʻa loa ia ma mua o kāna mau haku mele ʻē aʻe, kākau ʻo ia: "Pehea ka hewa o ka ʻae ʻana i ka noʻonoʻo e noho aliʻi ma kahi a mākou i maʻa ai i ke aloha a me ka mahalo me ko mākou puʻuwai a pau!" A hoʻohui ʻo Breitburg: "Ua lawe ʻo ia i kēia maʻemaʻe a me ka ikaika ideological o nā kūlana kumu i nā mele i hoʻomā ʻole ʻia i loko o kāna ola hana holoʻokoʻa."

I loko o kona ola pilikino, ʻo ia ʻano pili i nā loina, ka pono a me ke koʻikoʻi o ka pono, i kekahi manawa huli kūʻē iā Joachim iā ia iho. He kanaka paʻakikī ʻo ia iā ia iho a me ka poʻe e pili ana iā ia. Hōʻike ʻia kēia e ka moʻolelo o kāna male ʻana, ʻaʻole hiki ke heluhelu ʻia me ka ʻole o ka minamina. I ʻApelila 1863, ua hoʻopalau ʻo Joachim, ʻoiai e noho ana ma Hanover, me Amalia Weiss, he mea hoʻokani hīmeni akamai (contralto), akā ua hoʻolilo ʻo ia i kumu no kā lāua male ʻana e haʻalele i kahi ʻoihana kahua. Ua ʻae ʻo Amalia, ʻoiai ʻo ia i kūʻē kūʻē i ka haʻalele ʻana i ke kahua. Ua mahalo nui ʻia kona leo e Brahms, a ua kākau ʻia ka nui o kāna mau mele nona, me Alto Rhapsody.

Akā naʻe, ʻaʻole hiki iā Amalia ke mālama i kāna mau ʻōlelo a hāʻawi piha iā ia iho i kāna ʻohana a me kāna kāne. Ma hope koke o ka male ʻana, hoʻi ʻo ia i ke kahua ʻaha mele. "ʻO ke ola male o ka violinist nui," i kākau ai ʻo Geringer, "ua lilo ʻo ia i mea hauʻoli ʻole, ʻoiai ua pilikia ke kāne i kahi lili kokoke i ka pathological, i hoʻāla mau ʻia e ke ʻano o ka noho ʻana a Madame Joachim i alakaʻi maoli ʻia ma ke ʻano he mele mele." Ua piʻi aʻe ka hakakā ma waena o lākou i ka makahiki 1879, i ka wā i manaʻo ai ʻo Joachim i kāna wahine he pilina pili me ka mea hoʻopuka Fritz Simrock. Hoʻokomo ʻo Brahms i kēia hakakā, me ka manaʻoʻiʻo i ka hala ʻole o Amalia. Ua koi ʻo ia iā Joachim e noʻonoʻo a ma Dekemaba 1880 hoʻouna ʻo ia i kahi leka iā Amalia, a ma hope iho i lilo ai ke kumu o ka hoʻomaha ʻana ma waena o nā hoaaloha: "ʻAʻole au i hoʻāpono i kāu kāne," i kākau ai ʻo Brahms. "Ma mua ou, ua ʻike wau i ke ʻano pōʻino o kona ʻano, mahalo iā Joachim i hoʻomāinoino ʻole iā ia iho a me nā mea ʻē aʻe" ... Ua ʻike ʻia ka leka a Brahms i ka hoʻopaʻapaʻa hemo ma waena o Joachim a me kāna wahine a ua hōʻeha loa i ka mea hoʻokani pila. Ua pau kona pilina me Brahms. Ua haʻalele ʻo Joachim i ka makahiki 1882. ʻOiai ma kēia moʻolelo, kahi i hewa loa ai ʻo Joachim, ʻike ʻia ʻo ia ma ke ʻano he kanaka kiʻekiʻe.

ʻO Joachim ke poʻo o ke kula violin Kelemania i ka hapa lua o ke kenekulia XNUMX. Hoʻi nā moʻomeheu o kēia kula ma o David a Spohr, mahalo nui ʻia e Joachim, a mai Spohr a Roda, Kreutzer a me Viotti. ʻO ka concerto iwakāluakūmālua a Viotti, nā concerto o Kreutzer a me Rode, Spohr a me Mendelssohn i hoʻokumu i ke kumu o kāna repertoire aʻoaʻo. Ua ukali ʻia kēia e Bach, Beethoven, Mozart, Paganini, Ernst (ma nā haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa loa).

ʻO nā mele a Bach a me Beethoven's Concerto i noho i kahi kikowaena o kāna repertoire. No kāna hana ʻana i ka Beethoven Concerto, kākau ʻo Hans Bülow ma ka Berliner Feuerspitze (1855): "E poina ʻole kēia ahiahi a ʻo ia wale nō ka mea i hoʻomanaʻo i ka poʻe i loaʻa kēia leʻaleʻa kiʻi i hoʻopiha i ko lākou ʻuhane me ka hauʻoli nui. ʻAʻole ʻo Joachim i pāʻani iā ​​Beethoven i nehinei, ʻo Beethoven ponoʻī i pāʻani! ʻAʻole kēia ka hana a ka mea akamai loa, ʻo ia ka hōʻike. ʻO ka mea kānalua nui loa e pono e manaʻoʻiʻo i ka hana mana; ʻaʻole i loaʻa ka hoʻololi like ʻana. ʻAʻole i ʻike ʻia ma mua o kahi hana noʻeau me ka ʻike ʻia a me ka hoʻomālamalama ʻana, ʻaʻole i hoʻololi ʻia ka make ʻole i ʻike maoli ʻia me ka haʻahaʻa a me ka nani. Pono ʻoe e kukuli i ka hoʻolohe ʻana i kēia ʻano mele." Ua kapa ʻo Schumann iā Joachim i ka unuhi maikaʻi loa o nā mele kupanaha a Bach. Loaʻa ʻia ʻo Joachim i ka paʻi kiʻi mua loa o nā sonatas a Bach a me nā helu no ka violin solo, ka hua o kāna hana nui a noʻonoʻo.

Ke hoʻoholo nei i nā loiloi, ʻoluʻolu, ʻoluʻolu, aloha aloha i lanakila i ka pāʻani a Joachim. He kani liʻiliʻi akā ʻoluʻolu loa. He mea ʻē iā ia ka ʻōlelo ʻino, ka impetuosity. Ua kākau ʻo Tchaikovsky, i ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana i ka hana a Joachim lāua ʻo Laub, ua ʻoi aku ʻo Joachim ma mua o Laub "ma ka hiki ke unuhi i nā mele ʻoluʻolu", akā haʻahaʻa iā ia "ma ka mana o ka leo, i ke kuko a me ka ikaika hanohano." He nui nā loiloi e hoʻokūpaʻa ana i ke kaohi ʻana o Joachim, a ua hōʻino ʻo Cui iā ia no ke anuanu. Eia naʻe, ʻo ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻo ia ka paʻakikī kāne, ka maʻalahi a me ka paʻakikī o ke ʻano pāʻani maʻamau. I ka hoʻomanaʻo ʻana i ka hana a Joachim me Laub ma Moscow i ka makahiki 1872, ua kākau ʻo O. Levenzon mele mele Lūkini: “Ke hoʻomanaʻo nui nei mākou i ka duet Spohr; he hoʻokūkū ʻoiaʻiʻo kēia hana ma waena o nā koa ʻelua. ʻO ka pāʻani mele mālie a Joachim a me ke ʻano wela o Laub i hoʻopilikia i kēia duet! I kēia manawa ke hoʻomanaʻo nei mākou i ke kani ʻana o ka bele o Joachim a me ka cantilena ʻā o Laub.

"He kuʻikuʻi koʻikoʻi, he "Roma," i kapa ʻia ʻo Joachim Koptyaev, e kahakaha ana i kāna kiʻi no mākou: "He helehelena i kahi maikaʻi ʻia, he ʻauwae ākea, ka lauoho mānoanoa i hui ʻia i hope, ke ʻano kaohi, kahi hiʻohiʻona haʻahaʻa - hāʻawi lākou i ka manaʻo o kahi kahunapule. Eia ʻo Joachim ma ke kahua, paʻa ka hanu o kēlā me kēia kanaka. ʻAʻohe mea elemental a daimonio, akā ʻo ka mālie maʻamau, ʻaʻole ia e wehe i nā ʻeha ʻuhane, akā hoʻōla iā lākou. He Roma maoli (ʻaʻole o ke au o ka emi ʻana) ma ke kahua, he ʻano ʻano koʻikoʻi - ʻo ia ka manaʻo o Joachim.

Pono e'ōlelo i kekahi mau hua'ōlelo e pili ana iā Joachim ka mea hoʻokani pila. I ka wā i noho ai ʻo Joachim ma Berlin, ua hana ʻo ia i kahi quartet i manaʻo ʻia kekahi o nā mea maikaʻi loa ma ka honua. ʻO ka hui pū kekahi, me Joachim G. de Ahn (ma hope i paniʻia e K. Galirzh), E. Wirth a me R. Gausman.

E pili ana iā Joachim ka quartetist, e pili ana i kāna wehewehe ʻana i nā quartets hope loa a Beethoven, ua kākau ʻo AV Ossovsky: "Ma kēia mau mea i hana ʻia, e hoʻohauʻoli ana i ko lākou nani nani a me ka hohonu o ko lākou pohihihi, ʻo ka mea haku mele akamai a me kāna mea hoʻokani he mau hoahānau ma ka ʻuhane. ʻAʻohe mea kupanaha ʻo Bonn, ka wahi hānau o Beethoven, i hāʻawi iā Joachim i ka makahiki 1906 me ka inoa o ke kamaʻāina hanohano. A ʻo nā mea a nā mea hana ʻē aʻe i hoʻohiolo - ʻo Beethoven's adagio a andante - ʻo lākou ka mea i hāʻawi iā Joachim i ka manawa e hoʻokau i kāna mana hana kiʻi āpau.

Ma ke ʻano he haku mele, ʻaʻole i haku ʻo Joachim i kekahi mea nui, ʻoiai ua mahalo nui ʻo Schumann lāua ʻo Liszt i kāna mau haku mele mua, a ua ʻike ʻo Brahms ʻo kāna hoaaloha "ʻoi aku ka nui o nā mea haku mele ʻē aʻe i hui pū ʻia." Ua hoʻoponopono hou ʻo Brahms i ʻelua o nā manaʻo a Joachim no ka piano.

Ua kākau ʻo ia i nā ʻāpana he nui no ka violin, orchestra a me piano (Andante and Allegro op. 1, "Romance" op. 2, etc.); he mau mea hoʻokani pila: "Hamlet" (ʻaʻole i pau), i ka hana keaka a Schiller "Demetrius" a me ka pōʻino o Shakespeare "Henry IV"; ʻO 3 concerto no ka violin a me ka hoʻokani pila, ʻo ia ka mea maikaʻi loa ʻo ka Concerto on Hungarian Themes, hana pinepine ʻia e Joachim a me kāna mau haumāna. ʻO nā paʻi a me nā cadences a Joachim (a ua mālama ʻia a hiki i kēia lā) - nā paʻi o nā sonata a Bach a me nā partita no ka violin solo, ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana no ka violin a me ka piano o Brahms 'Hungarian Dances, nā cadenzas i nā concerto o Mozart, Beethoven, Viotti. , Brahms, hoʻohana ʻia i ka ʻaha mele hou a me ka hana aʻo.

Ua komo ʻo Joachim i ka hana ʻana i ka Brahms Concerto a ʻo ia ka mea hoʻokani mua.

ʻAʻole paʻa ke kiʻi hoʻomohala o Joachim inā e hala ʻole kāna hana aʻoaʻo me ka hāmau. He hoʻonaʻauao kiʻekiʻe loa ko Joachim aʻo aʻo ʻana a ma lalo o nā loina noʻeau o ke aʻo ʻana i nā haumāna. He hoa paio no ke a'o hana mechanical, ua hana 'o ia i ke ano e ho'opololei ai i ke ala no ka wā e hiki mai ana, no ka mea, ua ho'okumu 'ia ma ke kumu o ka lokahi o ka ulu 'ana o ka haumāna. ʻO ke kula, i kākau pū ʻia me Moser, ua hōʻike ʻo ia i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke aʻo ʻana, ua ʻimi ʻo Joachim i nā mea o ke ʻano auditory, me ka paipai ʻana i nā ʻano hana no ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka pepeiao mele o nā violinists hou e like me ka solfegging. e hooulu mua ia ka hoikeike. Pono ʻo ia e hīmeni, hīmeni a hīmeni hou. Ua ʻōlelo mua ʻo Tartini: "Pono ke kani maikaʻi i ke mele maikaʻi." ʻAʻole pono ka mea hoʻokani pila hoʻomaka e unuhi i kahi kani hoʻokahi āna i hana ʻole ai ma mua me kona leo ponoʻī… "

Ua manaʻo ʻo Joachim ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka mea hoʻokani pila mai kahi papahana ākea o ka hoʻonaʻauao hoʻonaʻauao ākea, ma waho o kahi hiki ʻole ke hoʻomaikaʻi maoli i ka ʻono noʻeau. ʻO ke koi e hōʻike i ka manaʻo o ka mea haku mele, e hōʻike pono i ke ʻano a me ka ʻike o ka hana, ke ʻano o ka "hoʻololi kiʻi" - ʻo ia nā kumu hoʻonāueue o ke ʻano aʻoaʻo a Joachim. ʻO ia ka mana noʻeau, ka hiki ke hoʻomohala i ka noʻonoʻo noʻonoʻo, ka ʻono, a me ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i ka mele i loko o ka haumāna i mea nui ʻo Joachim ma ke ʻano he kumu. "ʻO ia," wahi a Auer, "he hōʻike maoli nō ia noʻu, e hōʻike ana i mua o koʻu mau maka i nā ʻano o nā kiʻi kiʻekiʻe i hiki ʻole iaʻu ke koho a hiki i kēlā manawa. Ma lalo ona, ʻaʻole wau i hana me koʻu mau lima wale nō, akā me koʻu poʻo hoʻi, e aʻo ana i nā helu o nā haku mele a hoʻāʻo e komo i loko o ka hohonu o ko lākou mau manaʻo. Ua hoʻokani mākou i nā mele keʻena he nui me ko mākou mau hoa a hoʻolohe like i nā helu solo, hoʻokaʻawale a hoʻoponopono i nā hewa o kekahi. Eia kekahi, ua komo mākou i nā ʻaha mele symphony i alakaʻi ʻia e Joachim, a mākou i haʻaheo loa ai. I kekahi manawa i nā lā Sābati, mālama ʻo Joachim i nā hālāwai quartet, a ua kono pū ʻia mākou, kāna mau haumāna.

E pili ana i ka ʻenehana o ka pāʻani, ua hāʻawi ʻia kahi wahi koʻikoʻi i ka aʻo aʻoaʻo a Joachim. "ʻAʻole ʻo Joachim i komo i nā kikoʻī ʻenehana," heluhelu mākou mai Auer, "ʻaʻole i wehewehe i kāna mau haumāna pehea e hoʻokō ai i ka maʻalahi ʻenehana, pehea e hoʻokō ai i kēia a i kēlā hahau, pehea e pāʻani ai i kekahi mau paukū, a pehea e hoʻomaʻamaʻa ai i ka hana me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kekahi mau manamana lima. I ka wā o ka haʻawina, paʻa ʻo ia i ka violin a me ke kakaka, a ʻoiai ʻaʻole i ʻoluʻolu ʻo ia i ka hana ʻana i kahi paukū a i ʻole ka ʻōlelo mele a kekahi haumāna, ua hoʻokani maikaʻi ʻo ia i kahi wahi kānalua. ʻAʻole ʻo ia i hōʻike maopopo iā ia iho, a ʻo ka ʻōlelo wale nō āna i hoʻopuka ai ma hope o ka pāʻani ʻana i kahi haumāna i hāʻule ʻole ʻo ia: “Pono ʻoe e pāʻani pēlā!”, me ka ʻakaʻaka hōʻoluʻolu. No laila, ʻo ka poʻe o mākou i hiki ke hoʻomaopopo iā Ioakima, e hahai i kāna mau kuhikuhi pohihihi, ua pōmaikaʻi nui mākou i ka hoʻāʻo ʻana e hoʻohālike iā ia e like me kā mākou hiki; ʻO nā mea ʻē aʻe, ʻaʻole hauʻoli, kū mau, ʻaʻole maopopo i kekahi mea ... "

Loaʻa iā mākou ka hōʻoia o nā ʻōlelo a Auer ma nā kumu ʻē aʻe. ʻO N. Nalbandian, i ke komo ʻana i ka papa o Joachim ma hope o ka Conservatory St. ʻO ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i nā manawa hoʻokūkū, e like me kāna, ʻaʻole hoihoi loa iā Joachim. ʻO ka mea maʻamau, ma Berlin, ua hāʻawi ʻo Joachim i ke aʻo ʻenehana o nā haumāna i kāna kōkua ʻo E. Wirth. Wahi a I. Ryvkind, ka mea i aʻo pū me Joachim i nā makahiki hope loa o kona ola, ua hana maikaʻi ʻo Wirth, a ua hoʻokō nui kēia i nā hemahema o ka ʻōnaehana o Joachim.

Ua hoʻomana nā haumāna iā Ioakima. Ua manaʻo ʻo Auer i ke aloha a me ke aloha iā ia; Ua hoʻolaʻa ʻo ia i nā laina pumehana iā ia i kāna mau memo, ua hoʻouna i kāna mau haumāna no ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka manawa i lilo ʻo ia i kumu kaulana i ka honua.

"Ua pāʻani au i kahi concerto Schumann ma Berlin me ka Philharmonic Orchestra i alakaʻi ʻia e Arthur Nikisch," i hoʻomanaʻo ai ʻo Pablo Casals. "Ma hope o ka ʻaha mele, hele mālie mai ʻelua mau kāne iaʻu, ʻo kekahi o lākou, e like me kaʻu i ʻike mua ai, ʻaʻole hiki ke ʻike i kekahi mea. Iā lākou i mua oʻu, ʻōlelo maila ka mea nāna e alakaʻi i ka lima o ke kanaka makapō: “ʻAʻole ʻoe i ʻike iā ia? ʻO Professor Wirth kēia” (mea hoʻokani pila mai ka Joachim Quartet).

Pono ʻoe e ʻike i ka make ʻana o Joachim nui i hana i kahi āpau i waena o kona mau hoa a hiki i ka hopena o ko lākou mau lā ʻaʻole hiki iā lākou ke hoʻomaopopo i ka nalowale o kā lākou maestro.

Ua hoʻomaka ʻo Professor Wirth i koʻu mau manamana lima, lima, umauma. A laila ʻapo ʻo ia iaʻu, honi mai iaʻu a ʻōlelo mālie i koʻu pepeiao: "ʻAʻole i make ʻo Joachim!".

No laila no nā hoa o Joachim, kāna mau haumāna a me kāna poʻe hahai, ʻo ia ka mea kiʻekiʻe loa o ke kiʻi violin.

L. Raaben