Vano Ilyich Muradeli (Vano Muradeli) |

Vano Muradelli

"Pono Art e generalize, pono e noʻonoʻo i ka mea nui loa a me ke ʻano o ko mākou ola" - kēia kumu a V. Muradeli i hahai mau i kāna hana. Ua hana ka mea haku mele ma nā ʻano he nui. Ma waena o kāna mau hana nui he 2 symphonies, 2 opera, 2 operettas, 16 cantatas a me choirs, ʻoi aku ma mua o 50. chamber leo haku mele, ma kahi o 300 mau mele, mele no 19 mau hana keaka a me 12 mau kiʻiʻoniʻoni.

Ua ho'ohanohano 'ia ka 'ohana Muradov e ke mele nui. “Ko e ngaahi taimi fiefia lahi taha ʻo hoku moʻuí,” ko e manatuʻi ʻa Muradeli, “ko e ngaahi ʻahiʻahi mālie ia ʻi he taimi naʻe nofo ai ʻe hoku ongo mātuʻá ʻi hoku taha ʻo hiva kimoutolu ko e fānaú.” Ua makemake nui ʻia ʻo Vanya Muradov i ke mele. Ua aʻo ʻo ia e hoʻokani i ka mandolin, ke kīkā, a ma hope aku i ka piano ma ka pepeiao. Ua ho'āʻo e haku mele. I ka moeʻuhane o ke komo ʻana i kahi kula mele, hele ʻo Ivan Muradov he ʻumikūmāhiku makahiki i Tbilisi. Mahalo i kahi manawa kūpono e hui pū me ke alakaʻi kiʻiʻoniʻoni Soviet koʻikoʻi a me ka mea keaka M. Chiaureli, ka mea i mahalo i nā mana koʻikoʻi o ke kanaka ʻōpio, kona leo nani, ua komo ʻo Muradov i ke kula mele ma ka papa mele. Akā ʻaʻole lawa kēia iā ia. Ua manaʻo mau ʻo ia i ka makemake nui no nā haʻawina koʻikoʻi i ka haku mele. A he hoomaha hou no ka laki! Ma hope o ka hoʻolohe ʻana i nā mele i haku ʻia e Muradov, ua ʻae ka luna o ke kula mele ʻo K. Shotniev e hoʻomākaukau iā ia no ke komo ʻana i ka Conservatory Tbilisi. I hoʻokahi makahiki ma hope mai, lilo ʻo Ivan Muradov i haumāna ma ka conservatory, kahi āna i aʻo ai i ka haku mele me S. Barkhudaryan a me M. Bagrinovsky. 3 mau makahiki ma hope o ke puka ʻana mai ka conservatory, hoʻolaʻa wale ʻo Muradov i ka hale keaka. Kākau ʻo ia i nā mele no nā hana o ka Tbilisi Drama Theatre, a ua hana maikaʻi ʻo ia ma ke ʻano he mea keaka. ʻO ia me ka hana i loko o ka hale kiʻiʻoniʻoni i hoʻopili ʻia ka hoʻololi ʻana o ka inoa o ka mea keaka ʻōpio - ma kahi o "Ivan Muradov" kahi inoa hou i ʻike ʻia ma nā pepa: "Vano Muradeli".

I ka wā lōʻihi, ʻoi aku ka hauʻoli o Muradeli i kāna mau hana haku mele. ʻO kāna moeʻuhane e kākau i kahi symphony! A hoʻoholo ʻo ia e hoʻomau i kāna mau haʻawina. Mai ka makahiki 1934, he haumāna ʻo Muradeli o ka Moscow Conservatory ma ka papa haku mele o B. Shekhter, a laila ʻo N. Myaskovsky. "Ma ke ʻano o ke kālena a kaʻu haumāna hou," i hoʻomanaʻo ai ʻo Schechter, "Ua hoihoi nui ʻia au e ke mele o ka noʻonoʻo mele, nona kona kumu i ka moʻomeheu, ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke mele, ka naʻau, ka ʻoiaʻiʻo a me ka manawaleʻa." I ka pau ʻana o ka conservatory, ua kākau ʻo Muradeli i ka "Symphony in memory of SM Kirov" (1938), a mai ia manawa ua lilo ke kumuhana kīwila i alakaʻi i kāna hana.

Ma 1940, ua hoʻomaka ʻo Muradeli e hana i ka opera The Extraordinary Commissar (libre. G. Mdivani) e pili ana i ke kaua kīwila ma North Caucasus. Ua hoʻolaʻa ka haku mele i kēia hana iā S. Ordzhonikidze. Hoʻolaha ka lekiō All-Union i hoʻokahi hiʻohiʻona o ka opera. ʻO ka puka koke ʻana o ke Kaua Patriotic Nui i hoʻopau i ka hana. Mai nā lā mua o ke kaua, ua hele ʻo Muradeli me kahi pūʻali ʻaha mele i ka North-Western Front. Ma waena o kāna mau mele aloha ʻāina o nā makahiki kaua, ua kū ʻia kēia mau mea: "E lanakila mākou i nā Nazis" (Art. S. Alymov); "I ka ʻenemi, no ka ʻĀina makuahine, i mua!" (Art. V. Lebedev-Kumach); "Song of the Dovorets" (Art. I. Karamzin). Ua kākau pū ʻo ia i 1 mau huakaʻi no kahi hui keleawe: "March of the Militia" a me "Black Sea March". I ka 2, ua hoʻopau ʻia ka Second Symphony, i hoʻolaʻa ʻia i nā koa Soviet-liberators.

Noho ka mele i kahi kūikawā ma ka hana a ka mea haku mele o nā makahiki ma hope o ke kaua. "ʻO ka Party ko mākou helmsman" (Art. S. Mikhalkov), "Russia koʻu Motherland", "March of the Youth of the World" a me "Song of the Fighters for Peace" (nā mea āpau ma ke kahua o V. Kharitonov), " Himeni o ka International Union haumāna” (Art. L. Oshanina) a oi loa aku ka hohonu o ka “Buchenwald alarm” (Art. A. Sobolev). Ua kani ʻo ia i ke kaula i kau ʻia "E pale i ka honua!"

Ma hope o ke kaua, ua hoʻomaka ka haku mele i kāna hana i hoʻopau ʻia ma ka opera The Extraordinary Commissar. ʻO kāna hana mua ma lalo o ke poʻo inoa "Great Friendship" i mālama ʻia ma ka Bolshoi Theatre ma Nowemapa 7, 1947. Ua lawe kēia opera i kahi kūlana kūikawā i ka mōʻaukala o nā mele Soviet. ʻOiai ke kūpono o ka manaʻo (ua hoʻolaʻa ʻia ka opera i ka pilina o nā poʻe o ko mākou ʻāina multinational) a me kekahi mau pono o ke mele me kona hilinaʻi ʻana i nā mele mele, "Great Friendship" i hoʻopiʻi ʻia no ka formalism i loko o ke Kauoha. o ke Komite Kuwaena o ka All-Union Communist Party o Bolsheviks o Feberuari 10, 1948. Ma hope o 10 mau makahiki ma ke Kauoha o ke Komite Kuwaena o ka CPSU "No ka Hoʻoponopono i nā hewa i ka loiloiʻana i nā Operas" Nui Hoaloha "," Bogdan Khmelnitsky "a " Mai ka Puʻuwai " ", ua hoʻoponopono hou ʻia kēia ʻōlelo hoʻohewa, a ua hoʻokani ʻia ka opera a Muradeli ma ka Hale Hōʻikeʻike o ka Hale o nā Hui Hui ma kahi hana ʻahamele, a laila ʻaʻole i hoʻolaha ʻia ma ka Radio All-Union.

ʻO kahi hanana koʻikoʻi i ke ola mele o ko mākou ʻāina ʻo Muradeli opera "ʻOkakopa" (libre na V. Lugovsky). Ua kūleʻa kāna hana mua ma ʻApelila 22, 1964 ma ke kahua o ka Kremlin Palace of Congresses. ʻO ka mea nui loa i kēia keaka ke kiʻi mele o VI Lenin. ʻElua mau makahiki ma mua o kona make ʻana, ua ʻōlelo ʻo Muradeli: "I kēia manawa, hoʻomau wau e hana i ka opera ʻO Kremlin Dreamer. ʻO kēia ka ʻāpana hope loa o ka trilogy, ʻo nā ʻāpana mua ʻelua - ʻo ka opera "The Great Friendship" a me "October" - ua ʻike mua ʻia e ka lehulehu. Makemake au e hoʻopau i kahi haku mele hou no ka 2th anniversary o ka hānau ʻana o Vladimir Ilyich Lenin. Akā naʻe, ʻaʻole hiki i ka mea haku mele ke hoʻopau i kēia keaka. ʻAʻole i loaʻa iā ia ka manawa e ʻike ai i ka manaʻo o ka opera "Cosmonauts".

Ua hoʻokō ʻia ke kumumanaʻo civic ma nā operettas a Muradeli: The Girl with Blue Eyes (1966) a me Moscow-Paris-Moscow (1968). ʻOiai ʻo ka hana hoʻomohala nui, he kanaka luhi ʻo Muradeli: no 11 mau makahiki ua alakaʻi ʻo ia i ka hui ʻo Moscow o ka Union of Composers, ua komo i loko o ka hana o ka Union of Soviet Societies for Friendship with Foreign Countries. Ua kamaʻilio mau ʻo ia ma ka nūpepa a mai ka rostrum i nā pilikia like ʻole o ka moʻomeheu mele Soviet. "ʻAʻole wale i ka hana hoʻomohala, akā i nā hana kaiaulu," i kākau ai ʻo T. Khrennikov, "Nona ʻo Vano Muradeli i ka mea huna o ka sociability, ʻike pehea e hoʻāla ai i kahi anaina nui me kahi huaʻōlelo hoʻoikaika a hoihoi." Ua hoʻopilikia ʻia kāna hana hoʻomohala ʻole e ka make - ua make koke ka mea haku mele ma ka huakaʻi me nā ʻahamele a ka mea kākau ma nā kūlanakauhale o Siberia.

M. Komissarskaya