Eric Satie (Erik Satie) |

erik satie

Ua lawa nā ao, nā noe a me nā aquarium, nā wai nimfe a me nā mea ʻala o ka pō; pono mākou i nā mele honua, nā mele o ke ola o kēlā me kēia lā!… J. Cocteau

ʻO E. Satie kekahi o nā haku mele Palani kuʻihewa loa. Ua hoʻopūʻiwa ʻo ia i kona mau hoa noho ma ka ʻōlelo ikaika ʻana i kāna mau ʻōlelo hoʻolaha kūʻē i kāna mea i pale ikaika ai a hiki i kēia manawa. I ka makahiki 1890, ua hui ʻo Satie me C. Debussy, ua kūʻē ʻo Satie i ka hoʻohālike makapō o R. Wagner, no ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka manaʻo hoʻokani mele e kū mai ana, kahi i hōʻailona ai i ke ola hou ʻana o nā kiʻi aupuni Farani. Ma hope mai, ua hoʻouka ka mea haku mele i nā epigones o ka impressionism, e kū'ē ana i kona pōʻino a me ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe me ka maopopo, ka maʻalahi, a me ka paʻakikī o ke kākau laina. Ua hoʻoikaika nui ʻia nā haku mele ʻōpio o ka "Six" e Sati. He ʻuhane kipi hoʻomaha ʻole i noho i loko o ka haku mele, e kāhea ana e hoʻokahuli i nā kuʻuna. Ua hoʻopio ʻo Sati i ka ʻōpio me kahi hoʻokūkū wiwo ʻole i ka ʻono philistine, me kāna mau hoʻoholo kūʻokoʻa a nani.

Ua hānau ʻia ʻo Sati i loko o ka ʻohana o kahi mea kūʻai kālā. Ma waena o nā ʻohana, ʻaʻohe mea hoʻokani, a ʻaʻole i ʻike ʻia ka hoihoi mua ʻana i ke mele. I ka makahiki 12 wale nō ʻo Eric - ua neʻe ka ʻohana i Paris - i hoʻomaka ai nā haʻawina mele koʻikoʻi. I ka makahiki 18, ua komo ʻo Sati i ka Conservatory o Paris, ua aʻo i ka ʻoluʻolu a me nā kumuhana manaʻo ʻē aʻe ma laila no kekahi manawa, a lawe i nā haʻawina piano. Akā ʻaʻole ʻoluʻolu i ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa, haʻalele ʻo ia i nā papa a me nā mea manawaleʻa no ka pūʻali koa. Ke hoʻi nei ʻo ia i Paris i hoʻokahi makahiki ma hope, hana ʻo ia ma ke ʻano he pianist ma nā hale ʻaina liʻiliʻi ma Montmartre, kahi i hui ai ʻo C. Debussy, ka mea i lilo i hoihoi i nā harmonies kumu i nā improvisations o ka pianist ʻōpio a ua lawe pū i ka orchestration o kāna pōʻai piano ʻo Gymnopédie. . Ua lilo ka ʻike i hoa aloha lōʻihi. Ua kōkua ka mana o Satie iā Debussy e lanakila i kona aloha ʻōpio i ka hana a Wagner.

I ka makahiki 1898, ua neʻe ʻo Satie i ka pā Parisian o Arcay. Noho ʻo ia i loko o kahi lumi haʻahaʻa ma ka papahele ʻelua ma luna o kahi cafe liʻiliʻi, ʻaʻole hiki i kekahi o kona mau hoaaloha ke komo i loko o kēia puʻuhonua o ka mea haku mele. No Sati, ua hoʻoikaika ʻia ka inoa ʻo "Arkey hermit". Noho kaʻawale ʻo ia, pale aku i nā mea hoʻolaha, pale aku i nā makana waiwai o nā hale kiʻiʻoniʻoni. I kēlā me kēia manawa ua ʻike ʻia ʻo ia ma Paris me kekahi mau hana hou. ʻO nā mele mele a pau ʻo Paris i haʻi hou aku i nā ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo a Sati, kāna mau manaʻo hoʻohenehene e pili ana i ke kiʻi, e pili ana i nā hoa haku mele.

I ka makahiki 1905-08. i ka makahiki 39, ua komo ʻo Satie i ka Schola cantorum, kahi āna i aʻo ai i ka counterpoint a me ka haku mele me O. Serrier a me A. Roussel. Hoʻokumu ʻia nā haku mele mua a Sati i ka hopena o nā makahiki 80 a me 90: 3 Gymnopedias, Mass of the Poor no ka hīmeni a me ka okana, Cold Pieces no ka piano.

I ka makahiki 20. Ua hoʻomaka ʻo ia e hoʻopuka i nā hōʻiliʻili o nā ʻāpana piano, ʻokoʻa ke ʻano, me nā poʻo inoa nui: "ʻEkolu ʻāpana i ke ʻano o ka Pear", "Ma ka ʻili o ka Lio", "Nā wehewehe ʻokoʻa", "Dried Embryos". ʻO kekahi mau mele mele mele-waltzes, i loaʻa koke ka kaulana, no ka manawa like. I ka makahiki 1915, ua hoʻokokoke ʻo Satie i ka mea haku mele, mea pāʻani a me ka mea hoʻokani mele ʻo J. Cocteau, nāna i kono iā ia, ma ka hui pū ʻana me P. Picasso, e kākau i kahi ballet no ka hui a S. Diaghilev. ʻO ka mua o ka ballet "Parade" i hana ʻia ma 1917 ma lalo o ke alakaʻi a E. Ansermet.

ʻO ka primitivism deliberate a hoʻokūpaʻa i ka mālama ʻole ʻana i ka nani o ke kani, ka hoʻokomo ʻana i nā leo o nā sirens kaʻa i ka helu, ke kani ʻana o ka mīkini paʻi a me nā leo ʻē aʻe i kumu hoʻomāinoino i ka lehulehu a me nā hoʻouka ʻana mai ka poʻe hoʻohewa, ʻaʻole i hoʻonāwaliwali i ka haku mele a kona mau hoa. Ma ke mele o Parade, ua hana hou ʻo Sati i ka ʻuhane o ke keʻena mele, nā leo a me nā mele o nā mele alanui i kēlā me kēia lā.

Ua kākau ʻia i ka makahiki 1918, ʻo ke mele o "symphonic dramas me ka hīmeni ʻana o Socrates" ma ke ʻano o nā kamaʻilio maoli ʻana o Plato, ma ke ʻano ʻē aʻe, ua ʻike ʻia e ka mālamalama, kaohi, a me ka paʻakikī, a me ka nele o nā hopena o waho. ʻO kēia ke kū'ē pololei o "Parade", me kaʻoiaʻiʻo ua hoʻokaʻawaleʻia kēia mau hana i hoʻokahi makahiki wale nō. Ma hope o ka hoʻopau ʻana iā Socrates, hoʻomaka ʻo Satie e hoʻokō i ka manaʻo o ka hoʻolako ʻana i nā mele, e hōʻike ana, e like me ke ʻano o ke ʻano o ke ola o kēlā me kēia lā.

Ua hoʻohana ʻo Sati i nā makahiki hope o kona ola ma kahi kaʻawale, e noho ana ma Arkay. Ua hōʻoki ʻo ia i nā pilina a pau me ka "Six" a hōʻuluʻulu iā ia i kahi hui haku mele hou, i kapa ʻia ʻo "Arkey school". (Ua komo pū me nā haku mele ʻo M. Jacob, A. Cliquet-Pleyel, A. Sauge, alakaʻi ʻo R. Desormières). ʻO ke kumu aesthetic nui o kēia hui hoʻomohala ʻana ʻo ia ka makemake i kahi kiʻi democratic hou. Ua hala ka make ʻana o Sati me ka ʻike ʻole ʻia. Ma ka hope o 50s wale nō. piʻi aʻe ka hoihoi i kāna hoʻoilina hoʻokumu, aia nā hoʻopaʻa leo o kāna piano a me kāna mele mele.

V. Ilyeva