Giuseppe Di Stefano |
ʻO Giuseppe Di Stefano
Leoncavallo. "Pagliacs". “Vesti la giubba” (Giuseppe Di Stefano)
Aia ʻo Di Stefano i kahi galaxy kupaianaha o ka poʻe mele i puka mai i ka wā ma hope o ke kaua a lilo i haʻaheo o ka leo leo Italia. Hoʻomaopopo ʻo VV Timokhin: "ʻO nā kiʻi o Edgar ("Lucia di Lammermoor" na Donizetti), ʻo Arthur lāua ʻo Elvino ("The Puritani" a me "La Sonnambula" na Bellini) i hana ʻia e Di Stefano i loaʻa iā ia ka kaulana ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa. Eia ka mea mele e ʻike ʻia me kona mākaukau: kāna legato kupaianaha, legato, expressive sculptural phrasing a me cantilena, piha i ka manaʻo hoihoi, mele ʻia me ka "pouli", waiwai ʻole, mānoanoa, leo velvety.
Nui nā mea kākau moʻolelo o ka leo leo e ʻike iā Di Stefano ka mea leo leo, no ka laʻana ma ke kuleana o Edgar, he hoʻoilina kūpono i ka tenor nui o ke kenekulia i hala, ʻo Giovanni Battista Rubini, nāna i hana i kahi kiʻi poina ʻole o ka mea aloha a Lucia i ka opera a Donizetti.
ʻO kekahi o nā mea hoʻohewa i ka loiloi o ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana o "Lucia" (me Callas lāua ʻo Di Stefano) i kākau pololei ʻia, ʻoiai ʻo ka inoa o ka mea hoʻokani maikaʻi loa o ka hana a Edgar i ke kenekulia i hala ua puni ʻia e ka kaulana kaulana, ʻo ia. paʻakikī ke noʻonoʻo e hiki iā ia ke hoʻopuka hou aku i ka manaʻo o ka poʻe hoʻolohe ma mua o Di Stefano i kēia komo. ʻAʻole hiki i kekahi ke ʻae i ka manaʻo o ka mea loiloi: ʻO Edgar - Di Stefano ʻo ia kekahi o nā ʻaoʻao kupaianaha loa o ka leo leo o ko mākou mau lā. Malia paha, inā waiho wale ka mea pena i kēia moʻolelo, a laila ʻo kona inoa i waena o nā mea mele nui loa o ko mākou manawa.
Ua hānau ʻia ʻo Giuseppe Di Stefano ma Catania ma Iulai 24, 1921 ma kahi ʻohana koa. E lilo ana ke keikikāne i luna, i kēlā manawa ʻaʻohe hōʻailona o kāna ʻoihana opera.
ʻO Milan wale nō, kahi āna i aʻo ai i ka seminary, ua koi aku kekahi o kona mau hoa, he aloha nui i ka leo leo, e huli ʻo Giuseppe i nā kumu akamai no ka ʻōlelo aʻo. Ma kā lākou ʻōlelo ʻana, ua haʻalele ke kanaka ʻōpio i ka seminary, e aʻo i nā leo. Ua kākoʻo nā mākua i kā lāua keikikāne a neʻe aku i Milan.
E aʻo ana ʻo Di Stefano me Luigi Montesanto i ka wā i hoʻomaka ai ke Kaua Honua II. Ua koho ʻia ʻo ia i ka pūʻali koa, ʻaʻole naʻe i hiki i ka laina mua. Ua kōkua ʻia ʻo ia e kekahi o nā luna i makemake nui i ka leo o ke koa ʻōpio. A i ka hāʻule o ka makahiki 1943, i ka manawa e hele ai kekahi hapa o Di Stefano i Kelemānia, ua holo ʻo ia i Switzerland. Ma ʻaneʻi ua hāʻawi ka mea mele i kāna mau ʻahamele mua, ʻo ia ka papahana i hoʻokomo ʻia i nā mele opera kaulana a me nā mele Italia.
Ma hope o ka pau ʻana o ke kaua, hoʻi ʻo ia i kona ʻāina hānau, hoʻomau ʻo ia i kāna aʻo ʻana ma Montesanto. Ma ʻApelila 1946, 1947, ua hoʻomaka ʻo Giuseppe ma ke ʻano he de Grieux ma ka opera Manon a Massenet ma ka Hale Hōʻikeʻike ʻo Reggio Emilia. I ka hopena o ka makahiki, hoʻokani ka mea pena ma Switzerland, a ma Malaki XNUMX ua hana ʻo ia no ka manawa mua ma ke kahua o ka moʻolelo La Scala.
I ka hāʻule o 1947, ua hoʻokolokolo ʻia ʻo Di Stefano e ka luna o ka New York Metropolitan Opera, ʻo Edward Johnson, e hoʻomaha ana ma Italia. Mai nā huaʻōlelo mua i mele ʻia e ka mea mele, ua ʻike ke alakaʻi i mua ona he tenor lyrical, ʻaʻole i noho ma laila no ka manawa lōʻihi. "Pono ʻo ia e hīmeni ma ka Met, a ʻoiaʻiʻo i ka manawa like!" Ua hoʻoholo ʻo Johnson.
I Pepeluali 1948, ua hoʻomaka ʻo Di Stefano i kāna hoʻomaka ma ka Metropolitan Opera ma ke ʻano he Duke ma Rigoletto a lilo ʻo ia i mea hoʻokani solo o kēia hale keaka. ʻAʻole i ʻike ʻia ke ʻano o ka mea mele e ka poʻe hoʻolohe wale nō, akā e nā mea hoʻokani mele pū kekahi.
No ʻelima mau kau, hīmeni ʻo Di Stefano ma New York, ʻo ka hapa nui o nā mele e like me Nemorino ("Love Potion"), de Grieux ("Manon" Massenet), Alfreda ("La Traviata"), Wilhelm ("Mignon" Thomas), Rinuccio ("Gianni Schicchi" na Puccini).
Ua hoʻomanaʻo ka mea mele kaulana ʻo Toti Dal Monte ʻaʻole hiki iā ia ke kōkua i ka uē ʻana i kona hoʻolohe ʻana iā Di Stefano ma ke kahua ʻo La Scala ma Mignon - ʻo ka hana a ka mea pena i hoʻopā a ʻuhane.
Ma ke ʻano he soloist o ka Metropolitan, hoʻokani ka mea mele ma nā ʻāina o Central a me ʻAmelika Hema - me ka kūleʻa piha. Hoʻokahi wale nō ʻoiaʻiʻo: i ka hale kiʻiʻoniʻoni o Rio de Janeiro, no ka manawa mua i loko o nā makahiki he nui, ua uhaki ʻia ke kānāwai, i pāpā ʻia ai nā encores i ka wā o ka hana.
E hoʻomaka ana mai ka makahiki 1952/53, hīmeni hou ʻo Di Stefano ma La Scala, kahi āna i hana maikaʻi ai i nā ʻāpana o Rudolph lāua ʻo Enzo (La Gioconda na Ponchielli). I ka makahiki 1954/55, ua hana ʻo ia i ʻeono mau ʻāpana tenor kikowaena, i kēlā manawa i hōʻike piha loa i kona hiki a me ke ʻano o kāna hulina repertory: Alvaro, Turiddu, Nemorino, Jose, Rudolf a me Alfred.
"Ma nā opera a Verdi a me nā mea haku mele verist," i kākau ai ʻo VV Timokhin, - ʻike ʻia ʻo Di Stefano i mua o ke anaina ma ke ʻano he mele o ke ʻano maikaʻi, manaʻo maikaʻi a hoʻopuka maikaʻi i nā piʻi a me nā haʻahaʻa āpau o ka Verdi-Verist lyrical drama, hoʻohauʻoli me kahi waiwai. , leo nui, "lele" manuahi, kahi ʻano maʻalahi o nā aka dynamic, nā kiʻekiʻe ikaika a me nā "pahū" o nā manaʻo, nā kala timbre momona. Kaulana ka mea mele no kāna mau huaʻōlelo "sculpting" hōʻike maikaʻi loa, nā laina leo i loko o nā keaka a Verdi a me nā verists, inā paha i wela ka pele e ka wela o ke kuko a i ʻole ka hanu ʻoluʻolu o ka makani. ʻOiai i loko o nā mele mele kaulana loa e like me, no ka laʻana, "Scene at the Ship" ("Manon Lescaut" na Puccini), Calaf's arias ("Turandot"), ka duet hope loa me Mimi mai "La Boheme", "Farewell to Mother. "("Hoʻohanohano ʻāina"), ʻo Cavaradossi's arias mai ka hana mua a me ke kolu o "Tosca", loaʻa ka mea pena i kahi mea kupaianaha "primordial" hou a me ka hauʻoli, ka wehe ʻana o nā manaʻo.
Mai ka waena o 50s, ua hoʻomau nā huakaʻi holomua a Di Stefano a puni nā kūlanakauhale o ʻEulopa a me ʻAmelika. I ka makahiki 1955, ma ke kahua o ke West Berlin City Opera, ua komo ʻo ia i ka hana ʻana i ka opera a Donizetti ʻo Lucia di Lammermoor. Mai ka makahiki 1954, ua hana mau ka mea mele no ʻeono makahiki ma ka Chicago Lyric Theatre.
I ka makahiki 1955/56, ua hoʻi ʻo Di Stefano i ke kahua o ka Metropolitan Opera, kahi āna i hīmeni ai ma Carmen, Rigoletto a me Tosca. Hoʻokani pinepine ka mea mele ma ke kahua o ka Hale ʻOpera Roma.
I ka hoʻāʻo ʻana e hoʻonui i kāna ʻano hana, hoʻohui ka mea mele i ke kuleana o kahi tenor dramatic i nā ʻāpana lyrical. I ka wehe ʻana o ka manawa 1956/57 ma La Scala, hīmeni ʻo Di Stefano iā Radamès ma Aida, a i ke kau aʻe ma Un ballo ma maschera ua hīmeni ʻo ia i ka ʻāpana o Richard.
A ma nā kuleana o ka hoʻolālā dramatic, ua lanakila nui ka mea pena me ka lehulehu. Ma ka opera "Carmen" i ka hopena o 50s, ua manaʻo ʻo Di Stefano i ka lanakila maoli ma ke kahua o ka Vienna State Opera. Ua kākau kekahi o ka poʻe hoʻohewa: he mea kupanaha iā ia pehea e hiki ai iā Carmen ke hōʻole i kēlā ʻano ahi, akahai, ʻoluʻolu a hoʻopā iā Jose.
No nā makahiki he ʻumi, hīmeni mau ʻo Di Stefano ma ka Vienna State Opera. No ka laʻana, i ka makahiki 1964 wale nō ʻo ia i hīmeni ai ma ʻehiku mau keaka: Un ballo in maschera, Carmen, Pagliacci, Madama Butterfly, Andre Chenier, La Traviata a me Love Potion.
I Ianuali 1965, he ʻumi makahiki ma hope mai, hīmeni hou ʻo Di Stefano ma ka Metropolitan Opera. Ma hope o ka hoʻokani ʻana iā Hoffmann ma Offenbach's Tales of Hoffmann, ʻaʻole hiki iā ia ke lanakila hou i nā pilikia o kēia ʻāpana.
Ua hoʻomau ka hoʻomau i ka makahiki hoʻokahi ma ka Hale Hōʻikeʻike Colon ma Buenos Aires. Ua hana ʻo Di Stefano ma Tosca wale nō, a ua hoʻopau ʻia nā hana o Un ballo ma maschera. A ʻoiai, e like me ka mea i kākau ʻia e ka poʻe hoʻohewa, i kekahi mau manawa ua kani maikaʻi loa ka leo o ka mea mele, a ʻo kāna pianissimo kupua ma ka duet o Mario lāua ʻo Tosca mai ke kolu o ka hana i hoʻāla loa i ka hauʻoli o ka poʻe hoʻolohe, ua ʻike ʻia aia nā makahiki maikaʻi loa o ka mea mele ma hope ona. .
Ma ka World Exhibition ma Montréal "EXPO-67" kahi hanana o "Land of Smiles" na Lehár me ke komo ʻana o Di Stefano. Ua holomua ka hoʻopiʻi a ka mea pena i ka operetta. Hoʻopili maʻalahi ka mea mele i kāna ʻāpana. I Nowemapa 1967, ma ka operetta hoʻokahi, ua hoʻokani ʻo ia ma ke kahua o ka Vienna Theatre an der Wien. I Mei 1971, hīmeni ʻo Di Stefano i ka ʻāpana o Orpheus ma Offenbach's operetta Orpheus in Hell ma ke kahua o ka Opera Opera.
Ua hoʻi naʻe ka mea pena i ke kahua opera. I ka hoʻomaka ʻana o 1970 ua hana ʻo ia i ka ʻāpana o Loris ma Fedora ma Barcelona's Liceu a ʻo Rudolf ma La bohème ma ka Munich National Theatre.
ʻO kekahi o nā hana hope loa o Di Stefano i hana ʻia i ka manawa 1970/71 ma La Scala. Ua hīmeni ka tenor kaulana i ka ʻāpana o Rudolf. ʻO ka leo o ka mea mele, e like me ka poʻe hoʻohewa, ua kani maikaʻi ʻo ia ma ka laulā holoʻokoʻa, palupalu a me ka naʻau, akā i kekahi manawa nalo ʻo ia i ka mana o kona leo a nānā nui i ka luhi i ka hana hope.
Ua hana ʻo ia i kāna hana mua ma 1946 (Reggio nel Emilia, ʻāpana o De Grieux ma Massenet's Manon). Mai ka makahiki 1947 ma La Scala. I ka makahiki 1948-65, hīmeni ʻo ia ma ka Metropolitan Opera (debut as Duke). I ka makahiki 1950, ma ka ʻahaʻaina ʻo Arena di Verona, ua hana ʻo ia i ka ʻāpana o Nadir ma Bizet's The Pearl Seekers. I ka makahiki 1954 ua hoʻokani ʻo ia ma ke kahua o ka Grand Opera ʻo Faust. Ua hīmeni ʻo ia ma ka Edinburgh Festival (1957) i ka ʻāpana o Nemorino (Donizetti's Love Potion). Ma Covent Garden ma 1961 Cavaradossi. ʻO Maria Callas ka hoa hana maʻamau a Di Stefano ma ke kahua a ma nā hoʻopaʻa leo. Me ia, ua hana ʻo ia i kahi huakaʻi ʻaha mele nui i ka makahiki 1973. ʻO Di Stefano kahi mele koʻikoʻi o ka hapa lua o ke kenekulia XNUMX. ʻO kāna repertoire nui nā ʻāpana o Alfred, José, Canio, Calaf, Werther, Rudolf, Radames, Richard in Un ballo in maschera, Lensky a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. Ma waena o nā hoʻopaʻa mele a ka mea mele, ʻike ʻia kahi pōʻai holoʻokoʻa o nā opera i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma EMI me Callas: Bellini's Puritani (Arthur), Lucia di Lammermoor (Edgar), Love Potion (Nemorino), La bohème (Rudolf), Tosca (Cavaradossi), " Troubadour" (Manrico) a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. Ua hana ʻo ia i nā kiʻiʻoniʻoni.
E. Tsoodokov
