Vissarion Yakovlevich Shebalin |
Vissarion Shebalin
ʻO kēlā me kēia kanaka he mea hoʻolālā, a ʻo ka ʻĀina makuahine kona luakini. V. Sebalin
In V. Shebalin the Artist, the Master, the Citizen inextricably linked. ʻO ka kūpaʻa o kona ʻano a me ka nani o kāna hiʻohiʻona hana, haʻahaʻa, pane ʻole, ʻike ʻole ʻia e ka poʻe a pau i ʻike iā Shebalin a kamaʻilio pū me ia. “He kanaka kupanaha loa ia. ʻO kona lokomaikaʻi,ʻoiaʻiʻo, kūʻokoʻa i nā loina ua hauʻoli mau iaʻu," i kākau aiʻo D. Shostakovich. He manaʻo koʻikoʻi ko Shebalin i kēia manawa. Ua komo ʻo ia i ke ao noʻeau me ka ʻiʻini e hana i nā hana i kulike me ka manawa āna i noho ai a ʻike i nā hanana i kū ai ʻo ia. ʻO nā kumuhana o kāna mau palapala e kū nei i ko lākou pili, koʻikoʻi a me ke koʻikoʻi. Akā ʻaʻole nalo ko lākou nui ma hope o ko lākou piha hohonu o loko a me kēlā mana etika o ka expressiveness, ʻaʻole hiki ke lawe ʻia e nā hopena illustrative. Pono ka puʻuwai maʻemaʻe a me ka ʻuhane lokomaikaʻi.
Ua hānau ʻia ʻo Sebalin i loko o ka ʻohana o ka poʻe naʻauao. I ka makahiki 1921, ua komo 'o ia i ke Kula Nui o Omsk Musical ma ka papa o M. Nevitov (he haumana a R. Gliere), mai ia mai, ua ho'okani hou 'o ia i ka nui o na hana a na mea kakau like 'ole, ua 'ike mua 'o ia i na hana a N. Myaskovsky. . Ua mahalo nui lākou i ke kanaka ʻōpio a ua hoʻoholo paʻa ʻo ia iā ia iho: i ka wā e hiki mai ana, e hoʻomau i ke aʻo ʻana me Myaskovsky wale nō. Ua hoʻokō ʻia kēia makemake i ka makahiki 1923, i ka manawa, ma hope o ke puka ʻana mai ke kulanui ma mua o ka papa manawa, ua hōʻea ʻo Shebalin i Moscow a hoʻokomo ʻia i ka Conservatory Moscow. I kēia manawa, ua komo nā ʻeke hoʻokumu o ka mea haku mele ʻōpio he mau mele mele, he mau ʻāpana piano, nā mele i nā mele a R. Demel, A. Akhmatova, Sappho, ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka Quartet Mua, etc. Ma ke ʻano he haumāna makahiki 2 ma ka conservatory, ua kākau ʻo ia i kāna First Symphony (1925). A ʻoiai ʻo ia ka mea i hōʻike ʻia i ka mana o Myaskovsky, ka mea, e like me kā Shebalin i hoʻomanaʻo ai, ua "nānā maoli ʻo ia i loko o kona waha" a mālama iā ia he "ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe", akā naʻe, ʻo ke ʻano o ka mea kākau. kona makemake i ka noonoo kuokoa. Ua hoʻokipa maikaʻi ʻia ka symphony ma Leningrad i Nowemapa 1926 a loaʻa iā ia ka pane maikaʻi loa mai ka nūpepa. He mau mahina ma hope mai, kākau ʻo B. Asafiev i loko o ka puke pai "Music and Revolution": "… He mea kānalua ʻole ʻo Shebalin he talena ikaika a ikaika hoʻi ... He lāʻau ʻoka ʻōpiopio kēia e pili pono ana i kona aʻa i ka lepo. E huli aʻe ʻo ia, e kikoo a hīmeni i kahi mele ikaika a hauʻoli o ke ola.
Ua lilo keia mau olelo i wanana. Ke ulu nei ʻo Shebalin i ka ikaika i kēlā me kēia makahiki, ke ulu nei kona ʻoihana a me kona akamai. Ma hope o kona puka 'ana mai ka conservatory (1928), ua lilo 'o ia i kekahi o kāna mau haumāna puka mua, a ua kono pū 'ia e a'o. Mai ka makahiki 1935, he polopeka 'o ia ma ka conservatory, a mai ka makahiki 1942 'o ia ka luna alaka'i. ʻO nā hana i kākau ʻia ma nā ʻano ʻano like ʻole e ʻike ʻia kekahi ma hope o kekahi: ʻo ka symphony dramatic "Lenin" (no ka mea heluhelu, soloists, choir and orchestra), ʻo ia ka hana nui mua i kākau ʻia i nā pauku o V. Mayakovsky, 5 symphonies, lehulehu keʻena. nā mea kani, i loko o 9 quartets, 2 operas ("The Taming of the Shrew" a "The Sun over the Steppe"), 2 ballets ("The Lark", "Memories of Days Past"), ka operetta "The Bridegroom from the Embassy", 2 cantatas, 3 orchestral suites, ʻoi aku ma mua o 70 mau mele, ma kahi o 80 mau mele a me nā mele, mele no nā hōʻike lekiō, nā kiʻiʻoniʻoni (22), nā hana keaka (35).
ʻO kēlā ʻano versatility, ākea ākea ka mea maʻamau no Shebalin. Ua ʻōlelo pinepine ʻo ia i kāna mau haumāna: "Pono ka haku mele ke hana i nā mea āpau." ʻAʻole hiki ke ʻōlelo ʻia ia mau ʻōlelo e kekahi mea akamai i nā mea huna a pau o ka haku mele a hiki ke lilo i kumu hoʻohālike kūpono e hahai ai. Eia naʻe, ma muli o kona ʻano hilahila a me kona haʻahaʻa, ʻo Vissarion Yakovlevich, ʻoiai e aʻo ana me nā haumāna, aneane ʻaʻole i kuhikuhi i kāna mau haku ponoʻī. ʻOiai i ka wā i hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia ai ʻo ia no ka holomua o kēia hana a i kēlā hana, ua hoʻāʻo ʻo ia e hoʻohuli i ke kamaʻilio ma ka ʻaoʻao. No laila, no ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana e pili ana i ka hana kūleʻa o kāna opera The Taming of the Shrew, ʻo Shebalin, hilahila a me he mea lā e hōʻoiaʻiʻo ana iā ia iho, ua pane ʻo ia: "Aia ... he libretto ikaika."
ʻO ka papa inoa o kāna mau haumāna (ua aʻo pū ʻo ia i ka haku mele ma ke Kula ʻo Central Music a ma ke kula ma ka Conservatory Moscow) he mea kupanaha ʻaʻole wale ma ka helu, akā ma ka haku mele: T. Khrennikov. A. Spadavekkia, T. Nikolaeva, K. Khachaturyan, A. Pakhmutova, S. Slonimsky, B. Tchaikovsky, S. Gubaidulina, E. Denisov, A. Nikolaev, R. Ledenev, N. Karetnikov, V. Agafonnikov, V. Kuchera (Czechoslovakia), L. Auster, V. Enke (Estonia) a me na mea e ae. Hoʻohui ʻia lākou a pau e ke aloha a me ka mahalo nui i ke kumu - he kanaka o ka ʻike encyclopedic a me nā mana versatile, ʻaʻohe mea hiki ʻole. Ua ʻike maikaʻi ʻo ia i ka poema a me ka moʻokalaleo, haku mele ponoʻī iā ia iho, ua mākaukau i ka hana akamai, ʻōlelo ʻo ia i ka ʻōlelo Latina, Palani, Kelemānia a hoʻohana i kāna unuhi ponoʻī (e like me nā mele a H. Heine). Ua kamaʻilio ʻo ia a ua launa pū me nā poʻe koʻikoʻi he nui o kona manawa: me V. Mayakovsky, E. Bagritsky, N. Aseev, M. Svetlov, M. Bulgakov, A. Fadeev, Vs. Meyerhold, O. Knipper-Chekhova, V. Stanitsyn, N. Khmelev, S. Eisenstein, Ya. Protazanov a me nā mea ʻē aʻe.
Ua hāʻawi nui ʻo Shebalin i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā kuʻuna o ka moʻomeheu lāhui. ʻO kahi noiʻi kikoʻī a me ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i nā hana o ka Russian classics i hiki iā ia ke hana i nā hana koʻikoʻi ma ka hoʻihoʻi ʻana, hoʻopau a hoʻoponopono ʻana i nā hana he nui a M. Glinka (Symphony on 2 Russian themes, Septet, exercises for voice, etc.) , M. Mussorgsky ("Sorochinsky Fair") , S. Gulak-Artemovsky (II hana o ka opera "Zaporozhets ma waho o ka Danube"), P. Tchaikovsky, S. Taneyev.
Ua hōʻailona ʻia ka hana noʻeau a me ka pilikanaka o ka haku mele e nā makana aupuni kiʻekiʻe. I ka makahiki 1948, ua loaʻa iā Shebalin kahi diploma e hāʻawi ana iā ia i ke poʻo inoa ʻo People's Artist of the Republic, a ua lilo ia makahiki i makahiki o nā hoʻokolohua koʻikoʻi nona. I loko o ka Fepeluali Kauoha o ka Central Committee o ka All-Union Communist Party o Bolsheviks "Ma ka opera" Great Friendship "" na V. Muradeli, kāna hana, e like me ka hana a kona mau hoa a me nā hoahana - Shostakovich, Prokofiev, Myaskovsky, Khachaturian , ua hoʻopiʻi ʻia ʻo ia me ka hoʻohewa ʻoi loa. A ʻoiai he 10 mau makahiki ma hope mai ua hōʻole ʻia, i kēlā manawa ua hoʻoneʻe ʻia ʻo Shebalin mai ke alakaʻi o ka conservatory a mai ka hana aʻo. Ua loaʻa mai ke kākoʻo mai ka Institute of Military Conductors, kahi i hoʻomaka ai ʻo Shebalin i ke aʻo ʻana a laila ke poʻo ʻana i ke Keʻena ʻOihana Mele. Ma hope o 3 mau makahiki, ma ke kono a ke alakaʻi hou o ka conservatory A. Sveshnikov, ua hoʻi ʻo ia i ka professorship o ka conservatory. Eia naʻe, ʻo ka hoʻopiʻi kūpono ʻole a me ka ʻeha i hoʻopilikia ʻia i pili i ke kūlana o ke olakino: ʻo ka ulu ʻana i ka hypertension alakaʻi ʻia i ka hahau a me ka lolo o ka lima ʻākau ... Akā ua aʻo ʻo ia e kākau me kona lima hema. Hoʻopau ka mea haku mele i ka opera i hoʻomaka mua ʻia ʻo The Taming of the Shrew - kekahi o kāna hana maikaʻi loa - a hana i kekahi mau hana kupanaha ʻē aʻe. ʻO kēia nā sonata no ka violin, viola, cello a me ka piano, ʻEwalu a ʻEiwa Quartets, a me ka Fifth Symphony nani, ʻo ia ke mele he "mele ikaika a hauʻoli o ke ola" a ʻike ʻia ʻaʻole wale i kona ʻālohilohi kūikawā. ʻO ka māmā, ka hana, ka hoʻomaka ʻana i ke ola, akā ma muli o ka maʻalahi o ka haʻi ʻana, ʻo ia ka maʻalahi a me ke ʻano kūlohelohe i loaʻa wale i nā hiʻohiʻona kiʻekiʻe o ka hana kiʻi.
N. Simakova
