Stepan Ivanovich Davydov |

Stepan Davydov

ʻO nā hana a ka mea haku mele Lūkini akamai ʻo S. Davydov i hoʻomaka i ka huli ʻana no ke kiʻi o Rūsia, i ka manawa o nā kenekulia XNUMXth a me XNUMXth. He wā paʻakikī ia o ka uhaki ʻana i nā kuʻuna kahiko kahiko a me ka puka ʻana mai o nā manaʻo hou o ka sentimentalism a me ka romanticism. Lawe ʻia ma luna o nā loina o ka classicism, ma ke mele a B. Galuppi a me G. Sarti, ʻo Davydov, ma ke ʻano he mea pena maʻalahi, ʻaʻole hiki ke hele i nā ʻano hou o kona manawa. Hoʻopiha ʻia kāna hana me nā ʻimi hoihoi, ka ʻike maʻalahi o ka wā e hiki mai ana, a ʻo ia kāna manaʻo nui no ka hana noʻeau.

Ua hele mai ʻo Davydov mai kahi aliʻi liʻiliʻi o Chernigov. Ma waena o ka poʻe mele i koho ʻia ma Ukraine, ʻo ia, he keikikāne mele mele, ua hōʻea ʻo ia i St. I loko o kēia wale nō "haʻawina mele" ma ke kapikala, ua loaʻa iā Davydov kahi hoʻonaʻauao ʻoihana. Mai kona mau makahiki he 1786, ua haku ʻo ia i nā mele kapu.

ʻO kāna mau hana mua ma nā kikokikona ʻuhane i hana ʻia i nā ʻaha mele kaghella, pinepine i mua o ke aliʻi. Wahi a kekahi mau moʻolelo, ua makemake ʻo Catherine II e hoʻouna iā Davydov i Italia e hoʻomaikaʻi i kāna mau haku mele. Akā i kēlā manawa, ua hōʻea mai ka mea haku mele Italia kaulana ʻo Giuseppe Sarti i Rusia, a ua hāʻawi ʻia ʻo Davydov iā ia ma ke ʻano he penihana. Ua hoʻomau nā papa me Sarti a hiki i 1802 a hiki i ka haʻalele ʻana o ka maestro Italia i kona ʻāina hānau.

I loko o nā makahiki o ka launa pū ʻana me ke kumu, ua komo ʻo Davydov i ka pōʻai o ka St. Petersburg artistic intelligentsia. Ua kipaʻo ia i ka hale o N. Lvov, kahi i'ākoakoa ai nā haku mele a me nā mea hoʻokani pila, ua liloʻo D. Bortnyansky i mau hoaaloha me D. Bortnyansky, kahi i hoʻohuiʻia aiʻo Davydova e "aloha aloha a mau a me ka mahalo." I loko o kēia manawa "hoʻomaʻamaʻa" mua, ua hana ka mea haku mele ma ke ʻano o ka concerto ʻuhane, e hōʻike ana i ka mākaukau o ke ʻano a me ke ʻano o ke kākau mele.

Akā, ʻoi aku ka mālamalama o kā Davydov talent i nā mele keaka. I ka makahiki 1800, ua komo ʻo ia i ka lawelawe o ka Luna Hoʻokele o ka Imperial Theatres, e pani ana i ka mea i make ʻo E. Fomin. Ma ke kauoha a ka ʻaha, ua kākau ʻo Davydov i 2 ballets - "Crowned Goodness" (1801) a me "The Sacrifice of Gratitude" (1802), i mālama ʻia me ka kūleʻa kaulana. A ma ka hana aʻe - ka opera kaulana ʻo "Mermaid" - ua lilo ʻo ia i mea kaulana ma ke ʻano he mea nāna i hana i ke ʻano aloha hou o "magic", fairy-tale opera. ʻO kēia hana, ʻo ia ka mea maikaʻi loa ma ka hana a ka mea haku mele, ʻo ia ka pōʻaiapuni keaka nui, ʻehā mau keaka. ʻO ke kumu ke mele a ka mea haku mele Austrian F. Cauer i ka kikokikona a K. Gensler "Danube Mermaid" (1795).

ʻO ka mea kākau a me ka mea unuhi ʻōlelo ʻo N. Krasnopolsky i hana iā ia iho, ʻo Russian version of Gensler's libretto, ua hoʻololi ʻo ia i ka hana mai ka Danube i ka Dnieper a hāʻawi i nā koa me nā inoa Slavic kahiko. Ma kēia ʻano, ua hoʻokani ʻia ka hapa mua o ka opera a Cauer i kapa ʻia ʻo "The Dnieper Mermaid" ma St. Ua hana ʻo Davydov ma ʻaneʻi ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻoponopono o ka helu helu a me ka mea kākau o nā helu hoʻokomo, e hoʻonui ana i ke ʻano lāhui Lūkini o ka hana me kāna mele. He kūleʻa nui ka opera, nāna i koi i ka librettist e hoʻomau i kāna hana. Hoʻokahi makahiki ma hope mai, ua ʻike ʻia ka ʻāpana ʻelua o ka singspiel a Kauer ma ke kahua, i hana hou ʻia e ka Krasnopolsky like. ʻAʻole i komo ʻo Davydov i kēia hana, no ka mea ma ʻApelila 1804 ua hoʻokuʻu ʻia ʻo ia mai ka lawelawe ma ka hale keaka. Ua pani ʻia kona hakahaka e K. Cavos, ka mea nāna i haku i nā Arias interpolated no ka opera. Akā naʻe, ʻaʻole i haʻalele ʻo Davydov i ka manaʻo o ka opera, a i ka makahiki 1805 ua kākau ʻo ia i ke mele holoʻokoʻa no ka hapakolu o ka tetralogy i ka libretto a Krasnopolsky. ʻO kēia opera, kūʻokoʻa loa i ka haku mele a hāʻawi ʻia i ka inoa hou ʻo Lesta, ka Dnieper Mermaid, ʻo ia ka piko o ka hana a ka mea haku mele. ʻO kahi hoʻokani pila nani, hoʻokani pila, nā hiʻohiʻona ballet i haku nani ʻia e ka mea haku mele ʻo A. Auguste, ʻo Davydov nā mele ʻulaʻula a me ka waihoʻoluʻu i kōkua i ka lanakila nui o Lesta. I loko o ia mea, ua loaʻa ʻo Davydov i nā hoʻonā mele hou a me nā ʻano hana hou, e hui pū ana i nā hoʻolālā 2 o ka hana - maoli a nani. Me ka mana hoihoi, ua hoʻopuka ʻo ia i ke keaka o kahi kaikamahine mahiʻai maʻalahi ʻo Lesta, ka mea i lilo i haku wahine o nā mermaids, a me kāna mea aloha, ʻo Prince Vidostan. Ua lanakila hoʻi ʻo ia i ke ʻano o ka hero comic - ke kauā a Tarabar. ʻO ka hopu ʻana i nā manaʻo like ʻole o kēia ʻano - mai ka makaʻu weliweli i ka hauʻoli ʻole, ua manaʻo nui ʻo Davydov i ke kiʻi o Glinka's Farlaf. Ma nā māhele leo a pau, hoʻohana manuahi ka mea haku mele i nā huaʻōlelo mele o kona au, e hoʻonui ana i ka ʻōlelo opera me nā leo mele a me nā mele hula. He mea hoihoi nō hoʻi nā ʻāpana orchestral - nā kiʻi kiʻi o ke ʻano (ka wanaʻao, nā hekili), ʻike ʻia ka waihoʻoluʻu ʻulaʻula i ka hoʻololi ʻana o ka papa "magic". ʻO kēia mau hiʻohiʻona hou a pau i hana ai ʻo Lesti Davydov i ka opera fairy tale maikaʻi loa o ia manawa. ʻO ka holomua o ka opera i kōkua i ka hoʻi ʻana o Davydov e lawelawe ma ka Luna Hoʻokele Keaka. Ma 1807, ua kākau ʻo ia i nā mele no ka hapa hope, ʻehā o "Mermaid" i kahi kikokikona kūʻokoʻa na A. Shakhovsky. Akā naʻe, ʻaʻole i hiki mai kāna mele iā mākou. ʻO ia ka hana hope loa a ka haku mele ma ke ʻano operatic.

ʻO ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka manawa weliweli o ka Napoleonic Wars i koi ʻia i kahi kumuhana ʻē aʻe, aloha ʻāina i ke kiʻi, e hōʻike ana i ka piʻi nui o ka neʻe kaulana. Akā ʻaʻole i ʻike ʻia kēia kumuhana heroic i kēlā manawa i kona ʻano ma ka opera. Ua ʻike maopopo ʻia ʻo ia ma nā ʻano ʻē aʻe - i ka "pōʻino i ke mele" a me ka hoʻololi ʻana o ka poʻe. Ua huli pū ʻo Davydov i ka "tragedy in music", haku mele a me nā intermissions no nā pōʻino "Sumbeka, or the Fall of the Kazan Kingdom" na S. Glinka (1807), "Herod and Mariamne" na G. Derzhavin (1808), " Electra a me Orestes” na A. Gruzintsev (1809). Ma ke ʻano mele o nā kiʻi heroic, ua hilinaʻi ʻo Davydov i ke ʻano o KV Gluck, e waiho ana ma nā kūlana o ka classicism. I ka makahiki 1810, ua hoʻopau hope ʻia ka mea haku mele mai ka ʻoihana, a mai ia manawa mai ua nalowale kona inoa mai nā kiʻi kiʻiʻoniʻoni no kekahi mau makahiki. I ka makahiki 1814 wale nō i ʻike hou ʻia ai ʻo Davydov ma ke ʻano he mea kākau o ke mele kahua, akā ma kahi ʻano divertissement hou. Ua wehe ʻia kēia hana ma Moscow, kahi i neʻe ai ʻo ia i ka hāʻule o 1814. Ma hope o nā hanana pōʻino o 1812, ua hoʻomaka mālie ke ola noʻeau i ke kapikala kahiko. Ua hoʻolimalimaʻiaʻo Davydov e ke Keʻena o ka Moscow Imperial Theatre ma keʻano he kumu mele. Hāpai ʻo ia i nā mea pena kiʻi maikaʻi i hana i ka hanohano o ka hui opera Moscow - N. Repina, P. Bulakhov, A. Bantyshev.

Ua hoʻokumu ʻo Davydov i nā mele no nā ʻano like ʻole kaulana: "Semik, or Walking in Maryina Grove" (1815), "Walking on the Sparrow Hills" (1815), "May Day, or Walking in Sokolniki" (1816), "Feast of the Colonists" (1823) a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. ʻO ka mea maikaʻi loa o lākou ka pāʻani "Semik, a i ʻole Walking in Maryina Grove". I hui pū ʻia me nā hanana o ke Kaua Patriotic, ua hoʻomau ʻia i ka ʻuhane o ka poʻe.

Mai ka divertissement "First of May, or Walking in Sokolniki", 2 mele i kaulana loa: "Inā ʻapōpō a me ka wā ʻino" a me "Ma waena o ke awāwa pālahalaha", i komo i ke ola o ke kūlanakauhale ma ke ʻano he mele mele. Ua waiho ʻo Davydov i kahi hōʻailona hohonu i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā kiʻi mele Lūkini o ka wā ma mua o Glinka. He mea hoʻokani pila i hoʻonaʻauao ʻia, he mea pena akamai, nāna kāna hana i hānai ʻia e nā ʻano lāhui Lūkini, ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻo ia i ke ala no nā mele Lūkini, ma nā ʻano he nui e kali ana i ke ʻano kiʻi o nā keaka a M. Glinka lāua ʻo A. Dargomyzhsky.

A. Sokolova