ʻO ka mōʻaukala o ka hana ʻana a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka synthesizer

Ua ʻike maopopo mākou a pau loa ka piano ma ke ʻano he mea kani, a ʻo ka synthesizer kekahi o kāna mau ʻaoʻao, hiki ke hoʻololi i nā mele āpau, hoʻonui i kona hiki i nā palena ʻaʻole hiki i nā haku mele kahiko ke noʻonoʻo. Kakaikahi ka poʻe i ʻike i ke ala i hele ai ma mua o ka puka ʻana o ka synthesizer i kamaʻāina iā mākou. Ua wikiwiki au e hoʻopiha i kēia hakahaka.

Manaʻo wau ʻaʻole pono e hana hou i ka ʻōlelo lanakila e pili ana i ka holomua ʻenehana. Hiki iā ʻoe ke heluhelu e pili ana i ka mōʻaukala o ka piano ma aneʻi.

Ua hōʻoluʻolu paha ʻoe i ka ʻatikala ma kou hoʻomanaʻo, heluhelu ia no ka manawa mua, a i ʻole ua hoʻoholo e haʻalele ʻole iā ia? Eia naʻe, ʻaʻohe mea nui… E iho kākou i ka ʻoihana!

Moʻolelo: nā synthesizers mua

ʻO nā aʻa o ka huaʻōlelo "synthesizer" mai ka manaʻo o "synthesis", ʻo ia hoʻi, ka hana ʻana i kekahi mea (i kā mākou hihia, kani) mai nā ʻāpana like ʻole. ʻO kekahi o kāna mau hiʻohiʻona nui ʻo ia ka hiki i ka synthesizer ke hana hou i nā kani o kahi piano maʻamau (a, ma ke ala, e hāʻawi pinepine ʻia nā kani piano i nā ʻano like ʻole), akā e hoʻohālike i ke kani o nā mea ʻē aʻe. mea kani. Loaʻa iā lākou nā leo uila e hiki i nā synthesizers ke hana hou. Akā ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka mea kani, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o kāna kumukūʻai - hana kēia i kahi kaulike a ʻo kēia, ma ka liʻiliʻi loa, kūpono.

Theremin

ʻO ka hana ʻana o nā mea uila mai ka hopena o ke kenekulia XNUMX, a ma ʻaneʻi, i ka hauʻoli o ko mākou mau manaʻo aloha ʻāina, ua ʻike kahi ʻepekema Lūkini ʻo Lev Theremin - ʻo kona noʻonoʻo a me kona mau lima i hana i kekahi o nā mea hana piha piha e hoʻohana ana. nā kānāwai o ka physics a me ka mana uila, i kapa ʻia ʻo ma lailamin. He hoʻolālā maʻalahi a kelepona ia, ʻaʻohe analogues a hiki i kēia manawa - ʻo ia wale nō ka mea kani i hoʻokani ʻia me ka hoʻopā ʻole ʻia.

ʻO ka mea hoʻokani pila, e hoʻoneʻe ana i kona mau lima ma waena o nā antennas o ka mea kani, hoʻololi i nā nalu vibrational a laila hoʻololi i nā memo a ka theremin e hāʻawi ai. Manaʻo ʻia ka mea paʻakikī loa i hana ʻia e ke kanaka - ʻaʻole maopopo kona mana a koi ʻia ka ʻikepili auditory koʻikoʻi. Eia kekahi, ʻo ke kani a ka theremin e hoʻopuka ai, e ʻōlelo mākou, kikoʻī loa, akā no kēia mea e mahalo mau ʻia e nā mea mele a hoʻohana ʻia i ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana.

Tellarmonium

ʻO kekahi o nā mea uila mua, i kēia manawa ua kapa ʻia ʻo keyboard Tellarmonium a ua hana ʻia ʻo Thaddeus Cahill mai Iowa. A ʻo ka mea kani, nona ka manaʻo e hoʻololi i ka okana o ka halepule, ua ʻike ʻia he nui maoli: ʻo kona kaumaha ma kahi o 200 tons, he 145 mau mea hana uila nui, a ua lawe ʻo ia i 30 mau kaʻa kaʻaahi e lawe i New York. Akā ʻo ka ʻoiaʻiʻo o kāna hana ʻana i hōʻike i kahi e neʻe ai ke mele, ua hōʻike i ka nui o ka holomua ʻenehana e hiki ke kōkua i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ke kiʻi. Ua ʻōlelo lākou ʻo Cahill ma mua o kona manawa, ua kapa lākou iā ia he mea akamai ʻole. Eia nō naʻe, ʻoiai nā hiʻohiʻona a pau o ka mea kani, ua loaʻa iā ia kahi lumi e hoʻomohala ai: Ua haʻi mua wau i kona nui, akā, ʻo ia hoʻi, ua hoʻopilikia ʻia i nā laina kelepona, a ʻo kona ʻano leo ʻoi loa ka mediocre e like me nā kūlana o ka hoʻomaka ʻana. ke kenekulia XNUMX.

Aia ka okana ma Hammond

ʻOiaʻiʻo, ua alakaʻi ʻia kekahi mau mea hana nui i ko lākou holomua. ʻO ka hana hou aʻe i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā mea uila ʻo ia ka mea i kapa ʻia kino ma HammondʻO Laurence Hammond ka mea nāna i hana. ʻOi aku ka liʻiliʻi o kāna hana ʻana ma mua o kona kaikuaʻana ʻo Tellarmonium, akā mamao loa mai ka liʻiliʻi (ua emi iki ke kaumaha ma mua o 200 kilokani).

ʻO ka hiʻohiʻona nui o ka ʻōkana Hammond ʻo ia ka loaʻa ʻana o nā lewa kūikawā e hiki ai iā ʻoe ke hoʻohui kūʻokoʻa i nā ʻano hōʻailona a hoʻohua i kāu mau leo ​​kani ponoʻī, ʻokoʻa mai ke kino maʻamau.

Ua hoʻokō ʻia ka mea kani - hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ma kahi o kahi okana maoli i loko o nā hale pule ʻAmelika, a ua mahalo pū ʻia e nā mea hoʻokani jazz a me ka pōhaku (The Beatles, Deep Purple, Yes a me nā mea ʻē aʻe he nui). ʻO ka mea hoihoi, i ka wā i noi ʻia ai ʻo Hammond ʻaʻole e kapa i kāna mea kani he okana, ua hōʻole ʻia ka noi, no ka mea, ʻaʻole hiki i ke komisina ke hoʻokaʻawale i ke kani ʻana o kahi okana uila mai kahi mea makani maoli.

ʻaha mele kani

Ma hope o ke Kaua Honua ʻElua, ʻoiaʻiʻo, hoʻomaha ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā mea kani, ʻo ka hanana nui wale nō e pili ana i kā mākou kumuhana. “Concert of Noises”hāʻawi ʻia e ka French Pierre Henri и Pierre Schaeffer - He hanana hoʻokolohua kēia, kahi i hoʻohui ʻia ai nā mea hana hou i ka hui Hammond, me ke kōkua ʻana i loaʻa iā ia nā poloka timbre hou a hoʻololi i kona kani. ʻOiai ma muli o ka nui o nā mea hana, hiki i nā hana āpau ke hana i loko o nā laboratories, ʻoiai naʻe, hiki ke manaʻo ʻia ka ʻaha mele ʻo ka hānau ʻana o kahi ʻano mele avant-garde, i hoʻomaka e hoʻolaha mālie.

Mark

Ua hana ʻo RCA (Radio Corporation of America) i ka hoʻāʻo mua e hana i nā synthesizers i kahi pae i mua mai ka hui Hammond, akā nā kumu hoʻohālike i hana ʻia e ka hui. Mark I и Mark II 'a'ole i lanakila i ka holomua ma muli o ka ma'i o nā mea uila a pau o ia manawa - nā ana (ua noho ka synthesizer i kahi lumi holo'oko'a!)

minimoog

Me he mea lā ke holomua nei ka hoʻomohala ʻana, akā ʻaʻole naʻe i hiki i nā ʻenekinia ke hana maʻalahi i ka hāmeʻa a hiki i ko lākou iho ʻana i ka hana ʻo John Moog, ka mea nona kahi hui e hana ana i nā mea āu i ʻike mua ai, ʻo ia ka mea i lawe mai. ʻO ka synthesizer kokoke i nā mea make wale.

Ua hiki iā Mug ke hoʻopau i nā hemahema āpau o nā prototypes ma ka hana ʻana minimoog - he mea kani maoli i hoʻolaha i ke ʻano o nā mele uila. He paʻa, kumukūʻai, ʻoiai ke kumukūʻai - $ 1500, akā ʻo kēia ka synthesizer mua me ʻelua mau zeros ma ka hopena o ke kumukūʻai.

Eia kekahi, he leo ko Minimoog i mahalo nui ʻia e nā mea hoʻokani pila a hiki i kēia lā - ʻālohilohi a paʻapū, a, ʻo ka mea ʻakaʻaka loa, ʻo kēia pōmaikaʻi ka hopena o kahi drawback: ʻaʻole hiki i ka synthesizer ke mālama i ka ʻōnaehana no ka manawa lōʻihi. i kekahi mau hemahema ʻenehana. ʻO nā palena ʻē aʻe he monophonic ka mea kani, ʻo ia hoʻi, hiki iā ia ke ʻike i hoʻokahi memo i kaomi ʻia ma ke kīpē (ʻo ia hoʻi, ʻaʻohe mea hiki ke hoʻokani i nā chords), a ʻaʻole hoʻi i ʻike i ka ikaika o ke kaomi ʻana i ke kī.

Akā ʻo kēia mau mea a pau i kēlā manawa i uku ʻia e ke ʻano kiʻekiʻe o ke kani, ka mea i ʻōlelo ʻia e nā mea hoʻokani uila (kekahi, ʻoiaʻiʻo, ua mākaukau e kūʻai aku i ko lākou mau ʻuhane no ka Minimoog kumu like), a me nā mea ākea maoli no ka modulation kani. Ua holomua ka papahana a no ka manawa lōʻihi he inoa ʻohana ka moog: ʻo ka ʻōlelo ʻana i ka huaʻōlelo moog ʻo ia ka synthesizer, ʻaʻole kēia hui kūikawā.

1960-e

Mai ka hoʻomaka ʻana o nā makahiki 1960, ua ʻike ʻia nā hui he nui, ua kālai kēlā me kēia i kāna niche i ka hana ʻana i nā synthesizers: Hoʻoponopono Nā Wahi, E-mu, Roland, ARP, Korg, Oberheim, a ʻaʻole kēia ka papa inoa holoʻokoʻa. ʻAʻole i loli nui nā analog synthesizer mai ia manawa, mahalo mau ʻia lākou a he pipiʻi loa - ʻo nā hiʻohiʻona ke ʻano maʻamau o nā synthesizer a mākou i maʻa ai.

Ma ke ala, ʻaʻole i haʻalele nā ​​mea hana Soviet: i ka USSR, kokoke i nā huahana āpau i hana ʻia ma ka home wale nō, a ʻaʻohe mea ʻē aʻe (ʻoiai ua hoʻokele kekahi i ka lawe ʻana i nā kīkā ʻē aʻe i nā kope hoʻokahi, ua kūpono ke kūʻai ʻana i nā mea kani mai. nā ʻāina i hui pū ʻia o ka Warsaw Pact - Czechoslovak Muzima a i ʻole ka Bulgarian Orpheus, akā pili wale kēia i nā kī kī uila a me bass). He mea hoihoi loa ka Soviet synthesizers i ke kani, ua loaʻa i ka USSR kāna maestro ponoʻī o nā mele uila, e like me, no ka laʻana, ʻo Eduard Artemiev. ʻO ka moʻo kaulana loa Aelita, aoi,  no direct translation, uilaʻoe EM.

Eia nō naʻe, ʻo ke ao nei, ma waho aʻe o ka holomua ʻenehana, ke alakaʻi ʻia nei e ke ʻano, a e pili ana i ke kiʻi, pili pono ia i kona loli. A ʻo ka pōʻino a i ʻole ka pōmaikaʻi, akā no kekahi manawa ua pau ka hoihoi i nā mele uila, a ʻo ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā hiʻohiʻona hou o nā synthesizers ʻaʻole i lilo i ʻoihana maikaʻi loa.

Nalu Hou (Nalu Hou)

Akā, e like me kā mākou e hoʻomanaʻo nei, he ʻano ʻokoʻa ke ʻano o ke ʻano - i ka manawa o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o nā makahiki 80, hiki koke mai ka uila uila. I kēia manawa, ʻaʻole ia he mea hoʻokolohua hou ka uila (e like me ka papahana Kelemania hou o ka 1970s Kraftwerk), akā, ma ke ʻano ʻē aʻe, ua lilo ia i mea kaulana, i kapa ʻia. Nalu hou (Nalu Hou).

Aia nā pūʻulu kaulana honua e like me Duran Duran, Depeche Mode, Pet Shop Boys, A-ha, nona nā mele i hoʻokumu ʻia ma nā synthesizers, ua hoʻomohala ʻia kēia ʻano a me ia, ʻo ka inoa synth-pop.

ʻO nā mea hoʻokani mele o ia mau pūʻulu i hoʻohana mua i nā synthesizers, i kekahi manawa e hoʻoheheʻe iā lākou me ke kani guitar. ʻO ka haku mele ʻana o ʻekolu keyboardists (a ua ʻoi aku lākou ma mua o hoʻokahi synthesizer i kēlā me kēia), ua lilo ka mīkini pahu a me ka leo leo i mea maʻamau, ʻoiai inā hiki i ka mea nāna i hana ʻo Tellarmonium ke lohe e pili ana iā ia, a laila ʻaʻole i ʻike ʻia kona kahaha. ʻO ia ka lā kiʻekiʻe o nā mele hula, ke au o ka techno a me ka hale, ka hānau ʻana o kahi subculture hou loa.

MIDI (Mea Mele Kikohoʻe Interface)

Ua hāʻawi kēia mau mea i kahi manaʻo hou e hoʻāla i ka ʻenehana lepo. Eia naʻe, aia nā ʻenehana analog ma nā kuʻekuʻe o ke au kikohoʻe, ʻo ia hoʻi ka puka ʻana o ka ʻano MIDI (Mea Mele Kikohoʻe Interface). Ma hope o ka puka ʻana mai o nā samplers, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻopaʻa kūʻokoʻa i nā leo i makemake ʻia, a laila hoʻokani hou iā lākou me ka hoʻohana ʻana. Nā kī kī MIDI. Ua holomua ka hoʻomohala ʻana o nā interface MIDI i ko mākou manawa, ma ke kumu, ua lawa ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi kīpē wale nō, i ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana me nā hiʻohiʻona analog, ʻaʻohe kumu kūʻai. Hiki ke hoʻopili ʻia i kahi kamepiula (akā, pono e lawa ka mana o ke kamepiula) a, ma hope o kekahi mau hana maʻalahi, hoʻokani mele me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea kūikawā. VST—makalema (Virtual Studio Technology).

Akā naʻe, ʻaʻole kēia manaʻo e lilo nā hiʻohiʻona kahiko i ka poina, no ka mea, ʻaʻole i ʻeha ka piano i kahi hopena like, ʻaʻole anei? ʻOi aku ka mahalo o nā mea hoʻokani uila uila i ka analog a ke manaʻoʻiʻo nei he mamao loa ke kani digital mai ia mea i ka maikaʻi, a ʻo ka poʻe e hoʻohana ana iā VST e nānā ʻia me ka hoʻowahāwahā liʻiliʻi ...

Eia naʻe, i ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana i ka nui o ka hoʻomohala ʻana o nā ʻenehana kikohoʻe a me ka nui o ka maikaʻi o ke kani, a laila, ʻoi aku paha, e hoʻohana pinepine ʻia nā mea kani analog, ʻoiai i kēia manawa hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike pinepine i nā keyboardists e pāʻani ana me nā kamepiula ma hope o lākou. ma nā'ahamele - ka holomua, e like me kā mākou eʻike nei,ʻaʻole loa e kū mālie.

He mea koʻikoʻi loa ia, ma waho aʻe o ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka maikaʻi a me nā ʻano leo like ʻole, ua lilo nā kumukūʻai i lilo i ka astronomical i kēia manawa. No laila, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o nā synthesizers ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi loa ma mua o ka Walpurgis Night a ʻaʻole i pane i ka ikaika o ke kaomi ʻana i kahi kī ma kahi o $50. Hiki i nā Elite synthesizers a la Moog Voyager Xl ke kūʻai mai $ 5000, a ʻo ka ʻoiaʻiʻo hiki ke ulu mau kā lākou kumukūʻai inā ʻoe, no ka laʻana, ʻo Jean-Michel Jarre a hana i ka mea hana e kauoha. Hiki paha iaʻu ke hele i mua oʻu iho, akā makemake wau e ʻōlelo aku iā ʻoe ma mua, inā makemake ʻoe e kūʻai i kahi synthesizer, mai mālama i ke kālā: pinepine ʻole kahi mea kani mai ka ʻāpana ma lalo o $ 350. kani maikaʻi, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka paʻi ʻana i ka makemake e aʻo a pāʻani ma luna.

Manaʻolana wau ua hauʻoli ʻoe. E hoʻomanaʻo me ka ʻike ʻole i ka mōʻaukala, hiki ʻole ke hana i ka wā e hiki mai ana!

Inā ʻaʻole ʻoe i heluhelu i ka ʻatikala e pili ana i ke koho ʻana i ka piano uila pono, hiki iā ʻoe ke hana i kēia manawa ma ke kaomi ʻana i ka loulou.

Hōʻike ka wikiō ma lalo nei i kahi hōʻike o Mini Virtual Studio: