Karl Böhm |
Karl Boehm
Ma kahi o ka hapalua haneli, ua mau ka hana kiʻi multifaceted a me ka hua o Karl Böhm, e lawe ana i ka kaulana o ka mea pena ma ke ʻano he alakaʻi maikaʻi loa ma ʻEulopa. ʻO ka naʻauao ākea, nā ʻike hoʻomohala ākea, ke akamai maʻalahi ʻo Boehm i nā makahiki i lanakila a ʻoi aku ka nui o nā mea mahalo i nā wahi a ka mea pena e hana ai, kahi e kūʻai aku ai lākou i nā moʻolelo i hoʻopaʻa ʻia e nā orkestra maikaʻi loa o ka honua ma lalo o kāna alakaʻi.
"ʻO ke alakaʻi ʻo Karl Böhm, ka mea a Richard Strauss i hāʻawi aku ai i kāna hoʻoilina noʻeau ma hope o ka pau ʻana o ke kaua, he ʻano maoli ia ma ka opera a me ka podium ʻaha mele. ʻO kāna mele olaola, elastic, i hoʻokō ʻia e ka naʻauao ikaika a me nā mana aʻoaʻo maikaʻi loa, hiki iā ia ke hoʻokō kiʻekiʻe loa. ʻO ka makani hou e lawe ana i nā hana maʻamau i loko o kāna hana mele. ʻO nā hana a Boehm, i hoʻohālike ʻia ma Strauss a me Mook, maʻalahi a maʻalahi. Acoustic flair a me ka ʻike, i hoʻomohala ʻia i nā makahiki he nui, e ʻae iā ia e hoʻomākaukau i kēlā hana i nā hoʻomaʻamaʻa e hoʻokō pono ana i kona manaʻo o ka ʻike a me ke kani o nā hana, "i kākau ai ka mea loea mele Kelemania ʻo H. Ludike.
ʻO ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ko Boehm ʻoihana ma ke ʻano he alakaʻi he mea maʻamau. ʻOiai ʻo ia he haumāna kānāwai ma ke Kulanui o Vienna, ua ʻoi aku kona hoihoi i ka mele ma mua o ke kānāwai, ʻoiai ua pale ʻo ia i kāna dissertation kauka. Noho ʻo Bohm me ka ʻoliʻoli no nā hola ma ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana o The Cavalier of the Roses, kahi i waiho ai i kahi hōʻailona ma kona hoʻomanaʻo, lawe ʻo ia i nā haʻawina mai ka hoaaloha o Brahms ʻo E. Mandishevsky a me K. Muk, nāna i kuhikuhi iā ia ma ke ala o ke alakaʻi. Ma hope o kēlā, pono e noho ʻo Böhm i kekahi mau makahiki i ka pūʻali koa. A i ka makahiki 1917 wale nō, ma hope o ka demobilization, ua loa'a iā ia kahi wahi ma ke 'ano he alaka'i alaka'i, a laila he alaka'i 'elua ma ke keaka 'o Graz, kona kūlanakauhale. Ma ʻaneʻi i ka makahiki 1921 ua ʻike ʻo Bruno Walter iā ia a lawe iā ia ma ke ʻano he kōkua nona no Munich, kahi i noho ai ke alakaʻi ʻōpio i nā makahiki ʻeono e hiki mai ana. ʻO ka hui pū ʻana me kahi haku maikaʻi i hoʻololi iā ia me kahi conservatory, a ʻo ka ʻike i loaʻa i hiki iā ia ke lilo i alakaʻi a me ke alakaʻi mele o ka hale opera ma Darmstadt. Mai ka makahiki 1931, ua alakaʻi lōʻihi ʻo Böhm i kekahi o nā hale kiʻiʻoniʻoni maikaʻi loa ma Kelemānia - ʻo Hamburg Opera, a ma 1934 ua lawe ʻo F. Bush ma Dresden.
I kēlā manawa, ua kaulana ʻo Boehm ma ke ʻano he loea a unuhi maikaʻi loa i nā keaka a Mozart lāua ʻo Wagner, nā symphonies a Bruckner a ma luna o nā mea a pau, ʻo ka hana a R. Strauss, nona ka hoa a me ka mea hoʻolaha makemake i lilo ai. Ua hoʻokani ʻia nā opera a Strauss ʻO The Silent Woman a me Daphne no ka manawa mua ma lalo o kāna alakaʻi, a ua hoʻolaʻa ʻia ka hope e ka mea kākau iā K. Böhm. ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona maikaʻi loa o ke kālena o ka mea pena - he ʻano maikaʻi ʻole o ke ʻano, ka hiki ke kaulike maʻalahi a pololei hoʻi i nā gradations dynamic, ke ʻano o nā manaʻo a me ka hoʻoikaika ʻana o ka hana - ua hōʻike maopopo ʻia i ka wehewehe ʻana i ke mele a Strauss.
Ua mālama ʻo Böhm i nā pilina noʻonoʻo me ka hui Dresden i nā makahiki ma hope o ke kaua. Akā ʻo ke kikowaena o kāna hana mai 1942 ʻo Vienna. ʻElua mau manawa i 1943-1945 a me 1954-1956 i alakaʻi i ka Vienna State Opera, alakaʻi i ka ʻahaʻaina i hoʻolaʻa ʻia no ka wehe ʻana o kona hale i hoʻihoʻi ʻia. ʻO ke koena o ka manawa, mālama mau ʻo Böhm i nā ʻaha mele a me nā hana ma aneʻi. Me kēia, hiki ke ʻike ʻia ma kahi kokoke i nā kikowaena nui o ka honua; Ua hoʻokani ʻo ia ma Berlin, Salzburg, Prague, Naples, New York, Buenos Aires (kahi āna i alakaʻi ai i ka Colon Theatre no kekahi mau makahiki) a me nā kūlanakauhale ʻē aʻe.
ʻOiai ʻo ia ka wehewehe ʻana o nā hana a Strauss, a me nā mele Viennese a me Wagner, ʻo ia ka mea mua i lawe mai i ka kaulana o Boehm, ʻo ka moʻomeheu hana a ka mea pena kiʻi i loaʻa i nā kūleʻa he nui ma waho o kēia pā. ʻO ka mea nui, nui nā opera a nā mea kākau o kēia wā, e like me R. Wagner-Regeni a me G. Zoetermeister, ua aie iā ia no ka hana mua. ʻO Böhm kekahi o nā mea hoʻokani maikaʻi loa o ka opera Wozzeck a A. Berg.
L. Grigoriev, J. Platek, 1969
