Alexander Alexandrovich Davidenko |

Alexander Davidenko

Ma kā Davidenko, ʻaʻohe kikoʻī kikoʻī i kākau ʻia, e like me ka ʻole o nā kiʻi o kēlā me kēia kanaka a me nā kiʻi, a i ʻole ka hōʻike ʻana i nā ʻike pilikino hohonu; ʻO ka mea nui i loko o ia mea he mea ʻē aʻe - ke kiʻi o ka lehulehu, ko lākou makemake, ka piʻi ʻana, ka manaʻo ... D. Shostakovich

I ka 20-30s. Ma waena o ka poʻe haku mele Soviet, ʻo A. Davidenko, he mea hoʻolaha pau ʻole i ke mele lehulehu, he alakaʻi hīmeni akamai, a he kanaka kaulana i ka lehulehu. He mea haku mele ʻo ia i ke ʻano hou, ʻo ka lawelawe ʻana i nā mea hana nona ka pili pili ʻole me ka hana hoʻonaʻauao ikaika a luhi ʻole i waena o nā limahana, nā mahiʻai hui, Red Army a me Red Navy kāne. He mea koʻikoʻi ke kamaʻilio ʻana me ka lehulehu a he kūlana kūpono no kona noho ʻana ma ke ʻano he mea pena. ʻO ke kanaka o ka ʻoluʻolu a i ka manawa like ʻole ka hopena pōʻino, ua ola ʻo Davidenko i kahi ola pōkole, ʻaʻohe manawa e hoʻomaopopo i kāna mau hoʻolālā āpau. Ua hānau ʻia ʻo ia i loko o ka ʻohana o kahi mea hoʻohana telegarapa, i ka ʻewalu o kona mau makahiki ua noho makua ʻole ʻo ia (ma hope mai ua hoʻopilikia ʻia ʻo ia e ka manaʻo ʻino e like pū ana ʻo ia i ka hopena o kona mau mākua i make ʻōpio), mai ka makahiki 15 ua hoʻomaka ʻo ia. he ola kūʻokoʻa, loaʻa nā haʻawina. I ka makahiki 1917, ma kāna mau ʻōlelo, "hāʻawi ʻo ia i kahi traction" mai ka seminary theological, kahi i hoʻouna ʻia ai ʻo ia e kona makuakāne makua kāne a ma kahi ʻoi loa ʻo ia i nā kumuhana kumu, lawe ʻia e nā haʻawina mele.

I ka makahiki 1917-19. Ua aʻo ʻo Davidenko ma ka Conservatory Odessa, ma 1919-21 ua lawelawe ʻo ia i ka Red Army, a laila hana ʻo ia ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻonohonoho ma ke ala kaʻa. ʻO kahi hanana koʻikoʻi i kona ola, ʻo ia kona komo ʻana i ka makahiki 1922 i ka Moscow Conservatory ma ka papa o R. Gliere a me ka Choir Academy, kahi āna i aʻo ai me A. Kastalsky. ʻAʻole kūlike ke ala hana o Davidenko. ʻO kāna mau mele aloha mua, nā mele mele liʻiliʻi a me nā ʻāpana piano i hōʻailona ʻia e kekahi ʻano ʻano o ke ʻano. He autobiographical lākou a pili pū me nā ʻike paʻakikī o ka wā kamaliʻi a me ka ʻōpio. Ua hiki mai ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka pūnāwai o 1925, i ka wā i hoʻolaha ʻia ai kahi hoʻokūkū ma ka conservatory no ka "musical revolutionary composition" maikaʻi loa i hoʻolaʻa ʻia no ka hoʻomanaʻo ʻana iā VI Lenin. Ma kahi o 10 mau haku haku mele i komo i loko o ka hoʻokūkū, a laila ua hoʻokumu i ke kumu o ka "Production team of student composers of the Moscow Conservatory" (Prokoll), i hana ʻia ma ka manaʻo o Davidenko. ʻAʻole i lōʻihi ka lōʻihi o Prokoll (1925-29), akā ua hana nui i ka hoʻomohala ʻana o nā haku mele ʻōpio, ʻo ia hoʻi ʻo A. Khachaturian, D. Kabalevsky, M. Koval, I. Dzerzhinsky, V. Bely. ʻO ke kumu nui o ka hui ka makemake e hana i nā hana e pili ana i ke ola o ka poʻe Soviet. I ka manawa like, ua nui ka nānā ʻana i ke mele nui. I kēlā manawa, ʻo kēia huaʻōlelo, me ka manaʻo o ka "singing mass", ʻo ia hoʻi ka hana mele polyphonic.

I loko o kāna mau mele, ua hoʻohana ʻo Davidenko i nā kiʻi a me nā ʻano mele o nā mele mele, a me nā kumu o ka kākau polyphonic. Ua ʻike ʻia kēia ma nā mele mele mua a ka mea haku mele ʻo Budyonny's Cavalry (Art. N. Aseev), The Sea Moaned Furiously (Folk Art), a me Barge Haulers (Art. N. Nekrasov). I ka makahiki 1926, ua hoʻokō ʻo Davidenko i kona manaʻo no ka "democratization of sonata and fugue forms" ma ka sonata choral "Working May", a ma 1927 ua hana ʻo ia i kahi hana koʻikoʻi "The Street is Worried", ʻo ia kahi ʻāpana o ka hana hui a Procall - ka oratorio “The Way of October”. He kiʻi ʻoniʻoni ʻoniʻoni kēia o ka hōʻike ʻana o nā limahana a me nā koa i Pepeluali 1917. ʻO ke ʻano o ka fugue ma aneʻi e pili pono ana i ka hoʻolālā kiʻi, ua hoʻolālā ʻia e hōʻike i nā mea i hoʻonohonoho ʻia o ke alanui kipi leo nui.

Hoʻopiha ʻia nā mele a pau me ka waihoʻoluʻu o nā kānaka – nā mele a nā limahana, nā mele koa, nā ditties flash, e pani ana kekahi i kekahi, e hui pū me ke kumuhana nui, e hoʻopili ana.

ʻO ka lua o ka piko o ka hana a Davidenko ʻo ia ka papa mele "At the tenth verst", i hoʻolaʻa ʻia i ka poʻe i hōʻeha ʻia i ka kipi o 1905. Ua manaʻo ʻia no ka oratorio "The Way of October". Hoʻopau kēia mau hana ʻelua i nā hana a Davidenko ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻonohonoho o ka Procall.

I ka wā e hiki mai ana, hana nui ʻo Davidenko i ka hana mele a me ka hoʻonaʻauao. Hele ʻo ia a puni ka ʻāina a hoʻonohonoho i nā pōʻai hīmeni ma nā wahi āpau, kākau i nā mele no lākou, ʻohi i nā mea no kāna mau hana. ʻO ka hopena o kēia hana ka "First Cavalry, Song about the People's Commissar, Song about Stepan Razin", nā hoʻonohonoho o nā mele o nā paʻahao politika. ʻO nā mele "Ua makemake lākou e paʻi iā mākou, makemake lākou e lanakila iā mākou" (Art. D. Poor) a me "Vintovochka" (Art. N. Aseev) i kaulana loa. I ka makahiki 1930, ua hoʻomaka ʻo Davidenko i ka hana ma ka opera "1919", akā ʻaʻole i kūleʻa kēia hana holoʻokoʻa. ʻO ka hiʻohiʻona mele "Rise of the wagon" wale nō i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia e kahi manaʻo kiʻi wiwo ʻole.

ʻO nā makahiki hope loa o kona ola ua hana ʻo Davidenko me ka huhū. I kona hoʻi ʻana mai kahi huakaʻi i ka ʻāina ʻo Chechen, hana ʻo ia i ka "Chechen Suite" ʻoi loa no ka papa mele cappella, e hana ana i kahi hana leo nui a me ka symphonic "Red Square", e hana ikaika i ka hana mele a me ka hoʻonaʻauao. E kali ana ka make no Davidenko ma ke kahua kaua. Ua make ʻo ia ma Mei 1 ma hope o ka hōʻike ʻana o ka lā Mei ma 1934. ʻO kāna mele hope "May Day Sun" (art. A. Zharova) ua hāʻawi ʻia i kahi makana ma ka hoʻokūkū o ka People's Commissariat of Education. Ua lilo ka hoolewa o Davidenko i mea ma'amau no ia 'aha mele nui - he papa himeni ikaika o na haumana o ka conservatory a me na hana hookani i hookani i na mele maikai loa o ka haku mele, pela no ka mahalo ana i ka hoomanao ana i kekahi mea hookani pila - he mea hoihoi i ka Soviet mass. mele.

O. Kuznetsova