Veljo Tormis (Veljo Tormis) |

Veljo Tormis

ʻO ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i ka hoʻoilina kahiko i ke kanaka o kēia wā, ʻo ia ka pilikia nui o ka haku mele i kēia mau lā ma kāna hana me ka moʻolelo. V. Tormis

ʻAʻole hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka inoa o ka mea haku mele ʻo Estonian ʻo V. Tormis mai ka moʻomeheu choral Estonia i kēia manawa. Ua hāʻawi nui kēia haku koʻikoʻi i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā mele mele o kēia wā a ua wehe i nā mea hiki ke hōʻike hou i loko. ʻO ka nui o kāna mau ʻimi a me kāna mau hoʻokolohua, ʻike ʻia a me nā mea i ʻike ʻia i hana ʻia ma ka ʻāina momona o ka hoʻololi ʻana i nā mele mele ʻo Estonian, kahi ʻo ia ka connoisseur mana a me ka ʻohi.

Ua loaʻa mua ʻo Tormis i kāna hoʻonaʻauao mele ma ka Tallinn Conservatory (1942-51), kahi āna i aʻo ai i ka okana (me E. Arro, A. Topman; S. Krull) a me ka haku mele me (V. Kappa), a laila ma ka Conservatory Moscow ( 1951- 56) i ka papa haku mele (me V. Shebalin). Ua ho'okumu 'ia ka mana'o o ka haku mele e hiki mai ana ma lalo o ka mana o ka lewa o ke ola mele i ho'opuni 'ia mai ka wā kamali'i. ʻO ka makua kāne o Tormis mai ka poʻe mahiʻai mai (Kuusalu, kahi ʻāpana o Tallinn), ua lawelawe ʻo ia ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻokalakupua ma kahi hale pule kauhale ma Vigala (West Estonia). No laila, kokoke ʻo Velho i ka hīmeni ʻana mai ka wā kamaliʻi, hoʻomaka ʻo ia e hoʻokani i ka okana i ke kakahiaka, e ʻohi ana i nā mele. ʻO ke kumu o ka moʻokūʻauhau o kāna haku mele e hoʻi i nā kuʻuna o ka moʻomeheu mele Estonia, ka poʻe a me ka ʻoihana.

I kēia lā ʻo Tormis ka mea kākau o ka nui o nā hana, nā mele a me nā mea kani, kākau ʻo ia i nā mele no ka hale kiʻiʻoniʻoni a me ka hale kiʻiʻoniʻoni. ʻOiai, ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻo ka haku mele no ka papa mele ka mea nui nona. ʻO nā kāne, nā wahine, nā hui mele a nā keiki, ʻaʻole i hui pū ʻia, a me ka hoʻokani pila - i kekahi manawa ʻaʻole maʻamau (no ka laʻana, nā pahu shamanic a i ʻole ka hoʻopaʻa leo leo) - ma kahi huaʻōlelo, ua loaʻa nā mea hiki ke kani i kēia lā, e hui pū ana i nā leo a me nā mea kani. noi ma ke keena o ka mea pena. Hoʻokokoke ʻo Tormis i nā ʻano a me nā ʻano o nā mele mele me ka noʻonoʻo hāmama, me ka noʻonoʻo a me ka wiwo ʻole, noʻonoʻo hou i nā ʻano kuʻuna o ka cantata, ka pōʻai mele, hoʻohana i nā ʻano hou o ke kenekulia 1980 i kona ʻano ponoʻī. - nā mele mele, nā mele mele, nā hiʻohiʻona mele. Ua hana pū ʻo ia i nā hana ma nā ʻano hui like ʻole: ka cantata-ballet "Estonian Ballads" (1977), ka haku mele o nā mele rune kahiko "Women's Ballads" (1965). Hāʻawi ka opera Swan Flight (XNUMX) i ka hōʻailona o ka mana o nā mele mele.

He haku mele maalea a he akeakamai o Tormis. He ʻike nui kona i ka nani ma ke ʻano, ma ke kanaka, ma ka ʻuhane o ka poʻe. ʻO kāna mau hana epic nui a me nā hana epic-dramatic e pili ana i nā kumumanaʻo nui a puni, pinepine i nā moʻolelo. I loko o ia mau mea, piʻi ka haku i ka generalizations philosophical, hoʻokō i kahi kani kūpono i kēia ao. Hoʻolaʻa ʻia nā choral cycles o Estonian Calendar Songs (1967) i ke kumuhana mau loa o ka lokahi o ke ʻano a me ke ola kanaka; Ma muli o nā mea mōʻaukala, ʻo ka Ballad e pili ana iā Maarjamaa (1969), ka cantatas The Spell of Iron (e hana hou ana i ka rite o ka spell o nā shamans kahiko, hāʻawi i ke kanaka i ka mana ma luna o nā mea hana āna i hana ai, 1972) a me Lenin's Words (1972), as me nā Memories of the Plague » (1973).

Hōʻike ʻia ke mele a Tormis e ke kiʻi kiʻi, pinepine kiʻi kiʻi a me nā kiʻi kiʻi, ʻaneʻane hoʻopiha ʻia me ka psychologism. No laila, i loko o kāna mau papa mele, ʻoi aku hoʻi i nā mea liʻiliʻi, ua hui pū ʻia nā kiʻi kiʻi ʻāina me nā ʻōlelo lyrical, e like me ka Autumn Landscapes (1964), a ʻo ia hoʻi, ʻo ka hōʻike koʻikoʻi o nā ʻike kumuhana e hoʻomake ʻia e ke kiʻi o nā mea kūlohelohe, e like me ka Hamlet's. Mele (1965).

ʻO ka ʻōlelo mele o nā hana a Tormis he ʻano hou a me ke kumu. ʻO kāna ʻenehana virtuoso a me kona akamai e hiki ai i ka mea haku mele ke hoʻonui i ka laulā o nā ʻenehana kākau mele. Ua unuhi ʻia ka papa mele ma ke ʻano he polyphonic array, i hāʻawi ʻia i ka ikaika a me ka monumentality, a ʻo ke ʻano hoʻi - ma ke ʻano he mea hiki ke maʻalahi o ke keʻena sonority. ʻO ka lole mele he polyphonic, a i ʻole ia e lawe i nā kala harmonic, e hoʻomālamalama i kahi ʻoluʻolu mau ʻole, a i ʻole, me he mea lā he hanu, ʻālohilohi me nā ʻokoʻa, fluctuations i ka rarefaction a me ka density, transparency and density. Ua hoʻokomo ʻo Tormis iā ia i nā ʻenehana kākau mai nā mele mea kani hou, sonorous (timbre-colorful), a me nā hopena spatial.

Hoʻopaʻa ʻia ʻo Tormis i nā papa kahiko loa o Estonian mele a me nā moʻolelo mele, ka hana a nā poʻe Baltic-Finnish ʻē aʻe: Vodi, Izhorians, Vepsians, Livs, Karelians, Finns, pili i ka Lūkini, Bulgarian, Swedish, Udmurt a me nā kumu moʻolelo ʻē aʻe. mea mai ia lakou no ka lakou hana. Ma kēia kumu, kāna "He ʻumikūmākolu Estonian Lyrical Folk Songs" (1972), "Izhora Epic" (1975), "Northern Russian Epic" (1976), "Ingrian Evenings" (1979), kahi pōʻai o nā mele Estonian a me Suedena "Pictures. mai ka Past of the Island Vormsi" (1983), "Bulgarian Triptych" (1978), "Viennese Paths" (1983), "XVII Song of the Kalevala" (1985), he nui nā hoʻonohonoho no ka papa mele. ʻAʻole hoʻonui wale ka hoʻoinu ʻana i ka ʻōlelo mele a Tormis me ka leo o ka lepo, akā hōʻike pū i nā ala o ka hoʻoponopono ʻana (textural, harmonic, compositional), a hiki ke ʻimi i nā wahi pili me nā loina o ka ʻōlelo mele hou.

Hāʻawi ʻo Tormis i ke koʻikoʻi kūikawā i kāna hoʻopiʻi ʻana i ka moʻolelo: “Ua hoihoi au i ka hoʻoilina mele o nā au like ʻole, akā ʻo ka mea nui o nā mea āpau, nā papa kahiko i koʻikoʻi koʻikoʻi… ʻike honua, ka manaʻo i nā loina o ke ao holoʻokoʻa, i hōʻike mua ʻia a naʻauao i ka moʻolelo kuʻuna."

Hana ʻia nā hana a Tormis e ke alakaʻi ʻana i nā hui Estonian, ma waena o lākou ka Estonian a me Vanemuine Opera Houses. ʻO ka Estonian State Academic Male Choir, ka Estonian Philharmonic Chamber Choir, ka Tallinn Chamber Choir, ka Estonian Television and Radio Choir, he helu o nā haumāna a me nā papa mele o nā ʻōpio, a me nā papa mele mai Finland, Suedena, Hungary, Czechoslovakia, Bulgaria, Kelemānia.

I ka wā i ʻōlelo ai ke alakaʻi hīmeni ʻo G. Ernesaks, ka lunakahiko o ke kula haku mele Estonian: "ʻO ka mele o Veljo Tormis e hōʻike ana i ka ʻuhane o ka poʻe Estonia," ua kau ʻo ia i kahi manaʻo kikoʻī loa i kāna mau ʻōlelo, e pili ana i nā kumu huna, ka koʻikoʻi uhane kiʻekiʻe o ka hana a Tormis.

M. Katunyan