Palapala |

lat. transcriptio, lit. – kākau hou

ʻO ka hoʻonohonoho, ka hana ʻana i kahi hana mele, loaʻa kahi waiwai noʻeau kūʻokoʻa. ʻElua ʻano o ka unuhi: ka hoʻololi ʻana i kahi hana no kahi mea kani ʻē aʻe (no ka laʻana, ka unuhi ʻana i ka piano o kahi leo, violin, haku mele a i ʻole leo, violin, transcription orchestral o kahi haku piano); hoʻololi (no ke kumu o ka ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi a i ʻole ka virtuosity ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi) o ka hōʻike ʻana me ka hoʻololi ʻole ʻana i ka mea kani (leo) i manaʻo ʻia ai ka hana ma ke kumu. Hoʻopili hewa ʻia nā huaʻōlelo i ke ʻano unuhi.

He moʻolelo lōʻihi ko ka unuhi ʻana, e hoʻi ana i ka unuhi ʻana o nā mele a me nā hula no nā mea kani like ʻole i nā kenekulia 16 a me 17. Ua hoʻomaka ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka palapala kākau pono i ka kenekulia 18. (nā palapala, no ka harpsichord, nā hana a JA Reinken, A. Vivaldi, G. Telemann, B. Marcello a me nā mea ʻē aʻe, nona JS Bach). Ma ka papahele 1. ʻO ka 19th century Piano transcriptions, i ʻike ʻia e ka virtuosity o ke ʻano salon, ua pālahalaha ʻia (nā kākau ʻana a F. Kalkbrenner, A. Hertz, Z. Thalberg, T. Döhler, S. Heller, AL Henselt, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe); ʻO ka pinepine, he mau hoʻololi ia o nā mele opera kaulana.

Ua hoʻokani ʻia kahi hana koʻikoʻi i ka hōʻike ʻana i ka ʻenehana a me ka waihoʻoluʻu o ka piano e nā mele mele he nui a F. Liszt (ʻoi aku nā mele a F. Schubert, nā caprices na N. Paganini a me nā ʻāpana mai nā keaka a WA ​​Mozart, R. Wagner, G. Verdi; ma kahi o 500 mau hoʻonohonoho). Nui nā hana ma kēia ʻano i hana ʻia e nā mea pani a me nā mea hahai o Liszt – K. Tausig (Bach's toccata and fugue in d-moll, Schubert's "Military March" ma D-dur), HG von Bülow, K. Klindworth, K. Saint -Saens, F. Busoni, L. Godovsky a me nā mea ʻē aʻe.

ʻO Busoni lāua ʻo Godowsky nā haku nui loa o ka unuhi piano o ka wā post-List; ʻO ka mua o lākou i kaulana no kāna mau kope o nā hana a Bach (toccatas, chorale preludes, etc.), Mozart a me Liszt (Spanish Rhapsody, etudes ma hope o nā caprices a Paganini), ʻo ka lua no kāna hoʻololi ʻana i nā ʻāpana harpsichord o nā kenekulia 17-18. , Ko Chopin's etudes a me Strauss waltzes.

Ua hōʻike ʻo Liszt (a me kāna poʻe hahai) i kahi ala ʻokoʻa loa i ke ʻano o ka transcription ma mua o kona mau mua. Ma kekahi ʻaoʻao, ua haki ʻo ia me ke ʻano o ka salon pianists o ka papahele 1. ʻO ke kenekulia 19 e hoʻopiha i nā transcriptions me nā paukū ʻole i pili ʻole i ke mele o ka hana a i manaʻo ʻia e hōʻike i nā pono virtuoso o ka mea hana; ma kekahi ʻaoʻao, ua neʻe pū ʻo ia mai ka hoʻopuka maoli maoli ʻana o ka kikokikona kumu, me ka noʻonoʻo ʻana he mea hiki a pono ke hoʻopaʻi i ka nalowale hiki ʻole o kekahi mau ʻano o ke kiʻi holoʻokoʻa i ka wā e unuhi ʻia e nā mea hana hou.

I loko o nā transcriptions o Liszt, Busoni, Godowsky, ʻo ka hōʻike pianistic, ma ke ʻano he kānāwai, e like me ka ʻuhane a me ka ʻike o ka mele; i ka manawa like, ua ʻae ʻia nā hoʻololi like ʻole i nā kikoʻī o ke mele a me ke kuʻikahi, ke kani a me ke ʻano, ke kākau inoa a me ke alakaʻi leo, etc. hāʻawi ʻia kēia ma ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana o ka transcription o ka caprice Paganini hoʻokahi - E-dur No 9 na Schumann a me Liszt).

ʻO F. Kreisler kahi haku kaulana o ka violin transcription (nā ʻāpana na WA Mozart, Schubert, Schumann, etc.).

ʻO kahi ʻano unuhi ʻē aʻe he orchestral (no ka laʻana, Mussorgsky-Ravel's Pictures at an Exhibition).

ʻO ke ʻano o ka transcription, ka piano nui, ma ka Lūkini (AL Gurilev, AI Dyubyuk, AS Dargomyzhsky, MA Balakirev, AG Rubinshtein, SV Rachmaninov) a me nā mele Soviet (AD Kamensky, II Mikhnovsky, SE Feinberg, DB Kabalevsky, GR Ginzburg, NE Perelman , TP Nikolaeva, etc.).

ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona maikaʻi loa o ka transcription ("The Forest King" na Schubert-Liszt, "Chaconne" na Bach-Busoni, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe) loaʻa ka waiwai noʻeau; akā naʻe, ʻo ka nui o nā palapala haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa i hana ʻia e nā virtuosos like ʻole i hōʻino i kēia ʻano a alakaʻi i kona nalowale ʻana mai ka repertoire o nā mea hana he nui.

E hoʻomaopopo ': Kula o ka piano transcription, comp. Kogan GM, vol. 1-6, M., 1970-78; Busoni F., Entwurf einer neuen Ästhetik der Tonkunst, Triest, 1907, Wiesbaden, 1954

GM Kogan