Salomea (Solomia) Amvrosievna Krushelnitskaya (Salomea Kruszelnicka) |

Salomea Kruszelnicka

ʻOiai i kona wā e ola ana, ua ʻike ʻia ʻo Salomea Krushelnitskaya he mele koʻikoʻi ma ka honua. He leo koʻikoʻi kona ma ke ʻano o ka ikaika a me ka nani me kahi ākea (e pili ana i ʻekolu octaves me kahi papa inoa waena manuahi), kahi hoʻomanaʻo mele (hiki iā ia ke aʻo i kahi ʻāpana opera i loko o ʻelua a ʻekolu mau lā), a me kahi kālena hoʻokani nani. Aia ma luna o 60 mau ʻāpana like ʻole ka papa mele a ka mea mele. Ma waena o kāna mau makana he nui a me kāna mau kūlana, ʻo ia hoʻi, ka inoa ʻo "Wagnerian primadona o ke kenekulia iwakālua." Ua hāʻawi aku ka mea haku mele Italia ʻo Giacomo Puccini i ka mea mele me kāna kiʻi me ka palapala "Nani a nani hoʻi ka Butterfly".

Ua hānau ʻia ʻo Salomeya Krushelnytska ma Sepatemaba 23, 1872 ma ke kauhale o Belyavintsy, i kēia manawa ka moku Buchatsky o ka ʻāina ʻo Ternopil, i ka ʻohana o kahi kahuna.

Mai ka ʻohana hanohano a me ka ʻohana Ukrainian kahiko. Mai ka makahiki 1873, ua neʻe ka ʻohana i nā manawa he nui, i ka makahiki 1878 ua neʻe lākou i ke kauhale o Belaya kokoke i Ternopil, kahi i haʻalele ʻole ai lākou. Ua hoʻomaka ʻo ia i ka hīmeni ʻana mai kona wā ʻōpiopio. I kona wā kamaliʻi, ua ʻike nui ʻo Salome i nā mele ʻōiwi, āna i aʻo pololei ai mai ka poʻe mahiʻai mai. Ua loaʻa iā ia nā kumu kumu o ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa mele ma ka gymnasium ʻo Ternopil, kahi āna i lawe ai i nā hoʻokolohua ma ke ʻano he haumāna waho. Maʻaneʻi ua kokokeʻo ia i ka pōʻai mele o nā haumāna kula kiʻekiʻe,ʻo Denis Sichinsky, ma hope mai he haku mele kaulana,ʻo ia ka mea hoʻokani pila mua ma Western Ukraine, he lālā hoʻi.

I ka makahiki 1883, ma ka ʻaha mele ʻo Shevchenko ma Ternopil, ua hana ʻia ka hana mua o Salome, hīmeni ʻo ia i ka hui o ka hui kamaʻilio Lūkini. Ma Ternopil, ua kamaʻāina ʻo Salomea Krushelnytska i ka hale keaka no ka manawa mua. Maʻaneʻi, i kēlā me kēia manawa, ua hanaʻia ka hale keaka Lvov o ka hui kūkākūkā Lūkini.

I ka makahiki 1891, komo ʻo Salome i ka Conservatory Lviv. Ma ka conservatory, ʻo kāna kumu ke kumu aʻoaʻo kaulana ma Lviv, ʻo Valery Vysotsky, nāna i hānai i ka galaxy holoʻokoʻa o nā mea mele kaulana Ukrainian a me Polani. ʻOiai e aʻo ana i ka conservatory, ua hana ʻia kāna hana mele mua, ma ka lā 13 ʻApelila, 1892, ua hoʻokani ka mea mele i ka hapa nui o ka oratorio a GF Handel "Messiah". ʻO ka hoʻomaka mua operatic o Salome Krushelnytska i mālama ʻia ma ʻApelila 15, 1893, ua hana ʻo ia i ke kuleana o Leonora i ka hana a ka mea haku mele Italia ʻo G. Donizetti "The Favorite" ma ke kahua o ka Lviv City Theatre.

I ka makahiki 1893 ua puka 'o Krushelnytska mai ka Lvov Conservatory. Ma ka palapala puka puka ʻana o Salome, ua kākau ʻia: "Ua loaʻa kēia diploma iā Panna Salomea Krushelnitskaya ma ke ʻano he hōʻike o ka hoʻonaʻauao kiʻi i loaʻa ma muli o ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa maikaʻi a me ka kūleʻa maikaʻi ʻole, ʻoi aku hoʻi ma kahi hoʻokūkū lehulehu ma Iune 24, 1893, no laila ua loaʻa iā ia kahi kālā. mekala.”

Iā ia e aʻo ana i ka conservatory, ua loaʻa iā Salomea Krushelnytska kahi hāʻawi mai ka Lviv Opera House, akā ua hoʻoholo ʻo ia e hoʻomau i kāna aʻo ʻana. Ua hoʻoholo ʻia kāna hoʻoholo e ka mea mele kaulana Italia ʻo Gemma Bellinchoni, ʻo ia ka mea e huakaʻi ana i Lviv i kēlā manawa. I ka hāʻule o ka makahiki 1893, haʻalele ʻo Salome e aʻo i Italia, kahi i lilo ai ʻo Polofesa Fausta Crespi nāna i kumu. Ma ke kaʻina o ke aʻo ʻana, he kula maikaʻi ʻo Salome i nā hana ʻahamele kahi āna i hīmeni ai i ka opera aria. I ka hapalua o ka makahiki 1890, ua hoʻomaka kāna mau hana lanakila ma ke kahua o nā hale keaka a puni ka honua: ma Italia, Sepania, Farani, Pokukala, Rusia, Polani, Austria, ʻAigupita, Argentina, Chile ma nā keaka Aida, Il trovatore na D. . Verdi, Faust » Ch. Gounod, The Terrible Yard by S. Moniuszko, The African Woman by D. Meyerbeer, Manon Lescaut and Cio-Cio-San by G. Puccini, Carmen by J. Bizet, Elektra by R. Strauss, "Eugene Onegin" and "The Queen of Spades" na PI Tchaikovsky a me nā mea ʻē aʻe.

ʻO Pepeluali 17, 1904 ma ka hale kiʻiʻoniʻoni ʻo Milan "La Scala" Ua hōʻike ʻo Giacomo Puccini i kāna opera hou "Madama Butterfly". ʻAʻole naʻe ma mua i maopopo i ka mea haku mele i ka holomua… Ua ʻeha ka haku kaulana. Ua hoʻohuli nā hoaaloha iā Puccini e hana hou i kāna hana, a e kono iā Salome Krushelnitskaya i ka hapa nui. Ma ka lā 29 o Mei, ma ke kahua o ka Grande Theatre ma Brescia, ua hana ʻia ka mua o ka Madama Butterfly hou, i kēia manawa lanakila. Ua kāhea ka poʻe i ka poʻe keaka a me ka haku mele i ke kahua ʻehiku mau manawa. Ma hope o ka hana, hoʻopā a mahalo, hoʻouna ʻo Puccini iā ​​Krushelnitskaya i kāna kiʻi me ka palapala: "I ka Butterfly nani a nani."

I ka makahiki 1910, ua mare ʻo S. Krushelnitskaya i ke kuhina nui o ke kūlanakauhale ʻo Viareggio (Italia) a me ka loio ʻo Cesare Riccioni, he mea hoʻokani mele a he aliʻi akamai. Ua male lāua ma kekahi o nā luakini o Buenos Aires. Ma hope o ka male ʻana, noho ʻo Cesare lāua ʻo Salome i Viareggio, kahi i kūʻai ai ʻo Salome i kahi villa, i kapa ʻia ʻo "Salome" a hoʻomau i ka huakaʻi.

I ka makahiki 1920, ua ha'alele 'o Krushelnitskaya i ke kahua opera ma ka zenith o kona kaulana, e ho'okani ana no ka manawa hope loa ma ka Naples Theatre ma kāna mau mele punahele 'o Lorelei a me Lohengrin. Hāʻawi ʻo ia i kona ola hou aʻe i ka hana ʻaha mele, e hoʻokani ana i nā mele ma 8 mau ʻōlelo. Ua huakaʻi ʻo ia i ʻEulopa a me ʻAmelika. I kēia mau makahiki a pau a hiki i ka makahiki 1923 hele mau ʻo ia i kona ʻāina hānau a hoʻokani ma Lvov, Ternopil a me nā kūlanakauhale ʻē aʻe o Galicia. He mau pilina koʻikoʻi kona pili aloha me nā helu he nui ma Western Ukraine. ʻO nā'ahamele i hoʻolaʻaʻia no ka hoʻomanaʻoʻana iā Taras Shevchenko i noho i kahi kūikawā i ka hana hana a ka mea mele. I ka makahiki 1929, ua mālama ʻia ka ʻaha mele huakaʻi hope loa o S. Krushelnitskaya ma Roma.

I ka makahiki 1938, make ke kāne a Krushelnitskaya, ʻo Cesare Riccioni. I ʻAukake 1939, kipa ka mea mele i Galicia a, ma muli o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke Kaua Honua II, ʻaʻole hiki iā ia ke hoʻi i Italia. I ka noho ʻana o Kelemania ma Lviv, ua ʻilihune loa ʻo S. Krushelnytska, no laila ua hāʻawi ʻo ia i nā haʻawina leo pilikino.

I ka wā ma hope o ke kaua, ua hoʻomaka ʻo S. Krushelnytska e hana ma ka Lviv State Conservatory i kapa ʻia ma hope o NV Lysenko. Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole hoʻomaka kāna ʻoihana aʻo, kokoke pau. I ka wā o ka "hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana i nā limahana mai nā ʻāpana nationalist" ua hoʻopiʻi ʻia ʻo ia no ka loaʻa ʻole o kahi diploma conservatory. Ma hope mai, ua loaʻa ka diploma i loko o ke kālā o ke kūlanakauhale mōʻaukala.

Noho a aʻo i ka Soviet Union, Salomeya Amvrosievna, ʻoiai he nui nā noiʻi, no ka manawa lōʻihi ʻaʻole hiki ke loaʻa i ke kamaʻāina Soviet, e waiho ana i ke kumuhana o Italia. ʻO ka hope, ua kākau ʻo ia i kahi ʻōlelo e pili ana i ka hoʻoili ʻana o kāna villa Italia a me nā waiwai āpau i ka mokuʻāina Soviet, ua lilo ʻo Krushelnitskaya i kamaʻāina o ka USSR. Ua kūʻai koke ʻia ka villa, e uku ana i ka mea nona ka hapa liʻiliʻi o kona waiwai.

I ka makahiki 1951, ua hā'awi 'ia 'o Salome Krushelnitskaya i ke po'o inoa o ka Mea Hana Hana Ho'ohanohano o ka SSR Ukrainian, a ma 'Okakopa 1952, ho'okahi mahina ma mua o kona make 'ana, ua loa'a 'o Krushelnitskaya i ke po'o o ke kumu.

Ma ka lā 16 o Nowemapa, makahiki 1952, ua pau ka puʻuwai o ka mea mele nui. Ua kanu ʻia ʻo ia ma Lviv ma ka hale kupapaʻu ʻo Lychakiv e pili ana i ka lua kupapaʻu o kāna hoaaloha a kumu aʻoaʻo ʻo Ivan Franko.

Ma 1993, ua kapa ʻia kahi alanui ma hope o S. Krushelnytska ma Lviv, kahi i noho ai ʻo ia i nā makahiki hope o kona ola. Ua wehe ʻia ka hale hoʻomanaʻo hoʻomanaʻo o Salomea Krushelnytska ma ke keʻena o ka mea mele. I kēia lā, ʻo ka Lviv Opera House, ka Lviv Musical Secondary School, ka Ternopil Musical College (kahi i paʻi ʻia ai ka nūpepa Salomeya), ke kula 8 makahiki ma ke kauhale o Belaya, nā alanui ma Kyiv, Lvov, Ternopil, Buchach. kapa ʻia ma hope o S. Krushelnytska (e nānā i ke alanui Salomeya Krushelnytska). Aia ma ka Hale Mirror o ka Lviv Opera and Ballet Theatre he monument keleawe iā Salome Krushelnytska.

Nui nā hana noʻeau, mele a me nā kiʻiʻoniʻoni i hoʻolaʻa ʻia i ke ola a me ka hana a Salomea Krushelnytska. I ka makahiki 1982, ma ka hale kiʻiʻoniʻoni ʻo A. Dovzhenko, ua pana ʻo O. Fialko i ka mōʻaukala a me ka biographical film "The Return of the Butterfly" (e pili ana i ka moʻolelo o ka inoa like e V. Vrublevskaya), i hoʻolaʻa ʻia i ke ola a me ka hana a Salomea Krushelnitskaya. Hoʻokumu ʻia ke kiʻi i nā ʻike maoli o ke ola o ka mea mele a kūkulu ʻia e like me kāna mau hoʻomanaʻo. Na Gisela Zipola nā ʻāpana o Salome. ʻO ke kuleana o Salome i ke kiʻi i hoʻokani ʻia e Elena Safonova. Eia kekahi, ua hana ʻia nā documentaries, ʻo ia hoʻi, ʻo Salome Krushelnitskaya (i alakaʻi ʻia e I. Mudrak, Lvov, Most, 1994) ʻElua mau ola o Salome (i alakaʻi ʻia e A. Frolov, Kyiv, Kontakt, 1997), pōʻaiapuni "Names" (2004) , palapala kiʻiʻoniʻoni "Solo-mea" mai ka pōʻai "Game of Fate" (ka luna hoʻokele V. Obraz, VIATEL studio, 2008). ʻO Malaki 18, 2006 ma ke kahua o ka Lviv National Academic Opera and Ballet Theatre i kapa ʻia ma hope o S. Krushelnitskaya i hoʻokipa i ka mua o ka ballet a Miroslav Skorik "The Return of the Butterfly", e pili ana i nā ʻike mai ke ola o Salomea Krushelnitskaya. Hoʻohana ka ballet i ke mele a Giacomo Puccini.

I ka makahiki 1995, ua hana ʻia ka hoʻomaka mua o ka pāʻani "Salome Krushelnytska" (ka mea kākau ʻo B. Melnichuk, I. Lyakhovsky) ma ka Ternopil Regional Drama Theatre (i kēia manawa ka hale kiʻiʻoniʻoni kula). Mai ka makahiki 1987, ua mālama ʻia ka hoʻokūkū ʻo Salomea Krushelnytska ma Ternopil. I kēlā me kēia makahiki hoʻokipa ʻo Lviv i ka hoʻokūkū honua i kapa ʻia ma hope o Krushelnytska; Ua lilo nā ʻahaʻaina o ke kiʻi opera i mea maʻamau.