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Hoʻohui ʻia ka palapala Farani, nem. Zusatzton, Zusatzton

ʻO ke kani o kahi chord i pili ʻole (hoʻohui ʻia i) kona kumu hoʻokumu. Ma kekahi wehewehe ʻana, ʻo P. t. ʻo ia "he leo ʻole-chord (ʻo ia hoʻi, ʻaʻole i hoʻokomo ʻia i loko o ke ʻano tertian o kahi chord), i loaʻa ka manaʻo harmonic i kahi consonance i hāʻawi ʻia ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻohui" (Yu. N. Tyulin); Hiki ke hoʻohui ʻia nā wehewehe ʻelua. ʻO ka pinepine, ʻo P. t. ʻōlelo ʻia e pili ana i kahi leo ʻaʻole i hoʻokomo ʻia i loko o ke ʻano tertian o kahi chord (no ka laʻana, ke ono ma D7). Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ma waena o ka substitutive (lawe ʻia ma kahi o ka chordal pili) a me ka penetrating (lawe pū me ia).

F. Chopin. Mazurka op. 17 no 4.

PI Tchaikovsky. 6th symphony, neʻe IV.

P. t. hiki i ka pili ʻana ʻaʻole wale i ke kolu chord, akā i nā chord o kahi ʻano ʻē aʻe, a me nā polychords:

ʻO ka hoʻohui ʻana i nā leo P. (ʻoi aku ʻelua a ʻekolu mau leo ​​P.) e alakaʻi pinepine ai i ka hoʻololi ʻana o kahi chord i polychord. P. t. e hana i ka hoʻokaʻawale hana ʻekolu ʻeleʻele i ke ʻano o ka chord: 1) nui. leo ("aʻa" o ka chord), 2) nā leo ʻē aʻe o ka mea nui. nā hale (me ka leo nui "core" o ka chord) a me 3) nā leo lua (e pili ana i ka P. t., ʻo ka "core" e pāʻani i kahi hana e like me ka "leo nui" o kahi papa kiʻekiʻe). No laila, hiki ke mālama ʻia nā pilina hana maʻalahi me ka polyphonic dissonant chord:

SS Prokofiev. “Romeo and Juliet” (10 ʻāpana no fp. op. 75, No 5, “Masks”).

Ma ke ʻano he hanana o ka noʻonoʻo harmonic P. t. pili loa ia me ka moolelo o dissonance. ʻO ka ʻehiku i hoʻopaʻa mua ʻia i ka chord (D7) ma ke ʻano he leo hele "hau". ʻO nā kinetics o ka dissonance chord kahi hoʻomanaʻo i kona kumu, i kona ʻano "ʻaoʻao-leo". Crystallized i nā kenekulia 17-18. tertsovye chords (ʻelua consonant a me dissonant) ua paa, e like me normative consonances. No laila, ʻo P. t. ʻAʻole pono e hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i nā chord e like me V7 a i ʻole II6 / 5, akā i nā consonances ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī (me nā consonances, hiki ke hoʻonohonoho ʻia nā kani i ke kolu, no ka laʻana, "tonic me ke ono"). P. t. pili ka genetically i ka acciaccatura, kahi hana hana o nā kenekulia 17 a me 18. (me D. Scarlatti, L. Couperin, JS Bach). P. t. ua loaʻa kekahi mahele i ka lokahi o ke kenekulia 19. (ka hopena o ka tonic me ke ono ma ke kumuhana lua o ka hopena o ka sonata 27th a Beethoven no ka piano, ʻo "Chopin's" ka mana me ke ono, etc.). P. t. lilo i mea hana normative i ka lokahi o ke kenekulia 20. Ua ʻike mua ʻia ʻo "nā memo ʻokoʻa" (VG Karatygin), ʻo ia hoʻi, ʻo ke kani ʻole o ke kani "paʻa" i kahi chord, P. t. waeʻano, like me nā waeʻano o nā leo chord a me nā leo ʻole.

Ma keʻano he manaʻo manaʻo o P. t. e hoʻi i ka manaʻo o u1bu1b "hoʻohui ʻia i ke ono" (sixte ajoutée) e JP Rameau (ma ka hope f2 a2 c1 d1 - c2 g2 c1 e1 ka leo nui o ka chord 1 he f, ʻaʻole d, ʻo ia ka he PT, he dissonance i hoʻohui ʻia i ka triad f2 a4 cXNUMX). X. Riemann noonoo ia P. t. (Zusdtze) kekahi o nā ala XNUMX o ka hoʻokumu ʻana i nā chords dissonant (me nā leo ʻole-chord ma ke kaumaha kaumaha a me ka māmā, a me nā hoʻololi). Ua haawi mai o O. Messiaen ia P. t. nā ʻano paʻakikī. Ua koho ʻo GL Catuar i ka huaʻōlelo "P. t.” nā leo ʻole-chord, akā noʻonoʻo pono i "nā hui pū ʻana i hana ʻia e nā leo ʻaoʻao". ʻO Yu. Hāʻawi ʻo N. Tyulin iā P. t. he wehewehe like, e hoʻokaʻawale iā lākou i pani a e aʻa.

E hoʻomaopopo ': ʻO Karatygin VG, mea hoʻokani mele Impressionist. (I ka hana ʻana o Debussy's Peléas et Melisande), Haʻiʻōlelo, 1915, No 290; ʻO Catuar GL, ʻO ke kumu o ka lokahi, ʻāpana 2, M., 1925; ʻO Tyulin Yu. N., Buke o ka lokahi, hapa 2, M., 1959; nona iho, Modern harmony a me kona mōʻaukala kumu, i loko o ka ohi: Nīnau o Contemporary Music, L., 1963, like, i loko o ka ohi: Theoretical Problems of Music of the 1th Century, vol. 1967, M., 2; Rashinyan ZR, Buke o ka lokahi, puke. 1966, Er., 1 (ma ʻAmenia); Kiseleva E., Secondary TONES In Prokofiev's harmony, in: Nā pilikia kumu o ke mele o ke kenekulia 1967, vol. 4, M., 1973; Rivano NG, Heluhelu i ka lokahi, hapa 8, M., 18, ch. ʻewalu; Gulyanitskaya NS, ʻO ka pilikia o ka chord i ka lokahi hou: e pili ana i kekahi mau manaʻo Anglo-ʻAmelika, ma: Nā nīnau o Musicology, Proceedings of the State. Hale Mele a Hoʻonaʻauao. ʻO Genesin, ʻaʻole. 1976, Moscow, 1887; Riemann H., Handbuch der Harmonielehre, Lpz., 1929, 20; Carner M., He haʻawina o 1942th century harmony, L., (1944); Messiaen O., Technique de mon langage musical. P., (1951); Sessions R., Harmonic practice, NY, (1961); Rersichetti V., Harmoni ʻO ka iwakālua kenekulia NY, (1966); Ulehla L., Kuikahi o keia wa. Romanticism ma o ka lālani ʻumikūmālua, NY-L., (XNUMX).

ʻO Yu. H. Kholopov