ʻO Yuri Shaporin (Yuri Shaporin).

Yuri Shaporin

ʻO ka hana a me ke ʻano o Yu. He mea koʻikoʻi ʻo Shaporin i ke kiʻi mele Soviet. ʻO ka mea lawe a me ka mea hoʻomau o ka moʻomeheu moʻomeheu o ka Russian intelligentsia maoli, he kanaka me ka versatile hoʻonaʻauao kulanui, ka mea i komo mai ka wā kamaliʻi i nā ʻano like ʻole a pau o ka hana Lūkini, ʻike hohonu a me ka manaʻo o ka mōʻaukala Lūkini, palapala, poetry, pena kiʻi, ʻae ʻia ʻo Shaporin. a hoʻokipa i nā loli i lawe ʻia e ka Great October Socialist Revolution a komo koke i ke kūkulu ʻana i kahi moʻomeheu hou.

Ua hānau ʻia ʻo ia i loko o ka ʻohana o ka poʻe naʻauao Lūkini. ʻO kona makuakāne he mea pena kiʻi kiʻi, ʻo kona makuahine he haumāna puka no ka Conservatory Moscow, he haumāna o N. Rubinstein a me N. Zverev. ʻO ke kiʻi i loko o kāna mau hiʻohiʻona like ʻole i hoʻopuni maoli i ka haku mele e hiki mai ana mai ka moena. Ua hōʻike pū ʻia ka pilina me ka moʻomeheu Lūkini ma kahi ʻano hoihoi: ʻo ke kaikunāne o ke kupuna kāne o ka haku mele ma ka ʻaoʻao makuahine, ʻo ka haku mele ʻo V. Tumansky, he hoaaloha ʻo A. Pushkin, ʻōlelo ʻo Pushkin iā ia ma nā ʻaoʻao o Eugene Onegin. He mea hoihoi ia, ʻo ka palapala honua o ke ola o Yuri Alexandrovich e hōʻike ana i kona pilina me ke kumu o ka mōʻaukala Lūkini, ka moʻomeheu, nā mele: ʻo Glukhov kēia - ka mea nona nā hale hoʻomanaʻo waiwai nui, Kyiv (kahi i aʻo ai ʻo Shaporin ma ka Faculty of History and Philology of the Ke Kulanui), Petersburg-Leningrad (kahi i aʻo ai ka haku mele e hiki mai ana ma Faculty of Law of the University, ma ka Conservatory a noho i 1921-34), Children's Village, Klin (mai 1934) a, hope loa, Moscow. I loko o kona ola a pau, ua hele pū ka mea haku mele me ka kamaʻilio me nā ʻelele nui loa o ka moʻomeheu Lūkini a me Soviet hou - nā haku mele ʻo A. Glazunov, S. Taneyev, A. Lyadov, N. Lysenko, N. Cherepnin, M. Steinberg, nā haku mele a me nā mea kākau M. Gorky, A. Tolstoy, A. Block, Lā. ʻO Rozhdestvensky, nā mea pena kiʻi A. Benois, M. Dobuzhinsky, B. Kustodiev, alakaʻi N. Akimov a me nā mea'ē aʻe.

ʻO ka hana mele mele a Shaporin, i hoʻomaka ma Glukhov, hoʻomau i Kyiv a me Petrograd. Ua makemake ka mea haku mele i ka wā e hiki mai ana i ka hīmeni ʻana ma kahi hui, ma ka papa himeni, a hoʻāʻo i kona lima ma ka haku mele. I ka makahiki 1912, ma ka ʻōlelo aʻo a A. Glazunov a me S. Taneyev, ua komo ʻo ia i ka papa haku mele o ka Conservatory o St. ʻO ia nā makahiki i hoʻomaka ai ke kiʻi Soviet. I kēia manawa, hoʻomaka ʻo Shaporin e hana i kekahi o kāna mau wahi koʻikoʻi - ʻo nā hana a ka mea haku mele no nā makahiki he nui i pili i ka hānau ʻana a me ka hoʻokumu ʻana o ka ʻōpio Soviet keaka. Ua hana ʻo ia ma ka Bolshoi Drama Theatre o Petrograd, ma ka Drama Theatre o Petrozavodsk, ma ka Leningrad Drama Theatre, ma hope ua pono ʻo ia e hui pū me nā hale kiʻiʻoniʻoni ma Moscow (i kapa ʻia ma hope o E. Vakhtangov, Central Children's Theatre, Moscow Art Theatre, Maly). Pono ʻo ia e hoʻokele i ka ʻāpana mele, alakaʻi a, ʻoiaʻiʻo, kākau i nā mele no nā hana (1918), me ka "King Lear", "Much Ado About Nothing" a me "Comedy of Errors" na W. Shakespeare, "Robbers" na F Schiller, "The Marriage of Figaro" na P. Beaumarchais, "Tartuffe" na JB Moliere, "Boris Godunov" na Pushkin, "Aristocrats" na N. Pogodin, etc. Mahope iho, ua pono ka ike o keia mau makahiki ia Shaporin i ka wa. ka hana ʻana i nā mele no nā kiʻiʻoniʻoni ("ʻEkolu Mele e pili ana iā Lenin", "Minin a me Pozharsky", "Suvorov", "Kutuzov", etc.). Mai ke mele no ka pāʻani "Blokha" (e like me ka N. Leskov), i ka makahiki 20, ua hana ʻia ka "Joke Suite" no kahi hui hoʻokani maʻamau (wind, domra, pihi accordions, piano a me nā mea kani) - "he stylization o the so-called popular popular print”, e like me ka mea haku mele ponoi.

I ka makahiki 20. Hoʻokumu pū ʻo Shaporin i 2 sonata no ka piano, kahi symphony no ka mea hoʻokani pila a me ka papa himeni, nā mele ma nā pauku a F. Tyutchev, hana no ka leo a me ka hoʻokani pila, nā mele no ka pūʻali koa. ʻO ke kumuhana o ka mea mele o ka Symphony he mea hōʻike. He kāwele nui kēia i hoʻolaʻa ʻia i ke kumumanaʻo o ke kipi, ke kūlana o ka mea pena i ke au o nā cataclysms mōʻaukala. ʻO ka hoʻohui ʻana i nā kumuhana mele o kēia manawa ("Yablochko", "March of Budyonny") me kahi ʻōlelo mele kokoke i ke ʻano o nā mele Lūkini, ʻo Shaporin, i kāna hana nui mua, e hoʻopiʻi i ka pilikia o ka correlation a me ka hoʻomau o nā manaʻo, nā kiʻi, a me ka ʻōlelo mele. .

Ua lilo nā makahiki 30 i mea hua no ka mea haku mele, i ka wā i kākau ʻia ai kāna mau mele maikaʻi loa, ua hoʻomaka ka hana ma ka opera The Decembrists. ʻO ke akamai kiʻekiʻe, keʻano o Shaporin, ka huiʻana o ka epic a me ka lyrical i hoʻomaka e hōʻike iā ia iho i kekahi o kāna mau hana maikaʻi loa -ʻo ka symphony-cantata "Ma ka Kulikovo Field" (ma ka laina o A. Blok, 1939). Ua koho ka mea haku mele i ka huli ʻana o ka mōʻaukala Lūkini, kona heroic i hala, e like me ke kumuhana o kāna haku mele, a hoʻopuka mua i ka cantata me 2 epigraphs mai nā hana a ka mea kākau moʻolelo ʻo V. Klyuchevsky: hoʻopakele ʻia ka lāhui ʻEulopa. ʻAʻole i hānau ʻia ka mokuʻāina ʻo Rūsia ma ka pahu hoard o Ivan Kalita, akā ma ke kahua ʻo Kulikovo. Ua piha ke mele o ka cantata i ke ola, ka neʻe ʻana, a me nā ʻano manaʻo like ʻole o ke kanaka i hopu ʻia. Hoʻohui ʻia nā kumu symphonic ma ʻaneʻi me nā loina o ka operatic dramaturgy.

ʻO ka opera wale nō a ka mea haku mele, ʻo The Decembrists (lib. Vs. Rozhdestvensky i hoʻokumu ʻia ma AN Tolstoy, 1953), ua hoʻolaʻa pū ʻia i ke kumuhana mōʻaukala a kipi. Ua ʻike mua ʻia nā hiʻohiʻona mua o ka opera e hiki mai ana i ka makahiki 1925 - a laila ua noʻonoʻo ʻo Shaporin i ka opera ma ke ʻano he mele mele i hoʻolaʻa ʻia i ka hopena o ka Decembrist Annenkov a me kāna mea aloha ʻo Polina Goble. Ma muli o ka hana lōʻihi a koʻikoʻi ma ka libretto, nā kūkākūkā pinepine ʻana e ka poʻe kākau moʻolelo a me nā mea hoʻokani mele, ua hoʻokuʻu ʻia ke kumuhana lyrical i ke kua, a ua lilo nā manaʻo heroic-dramatic a me folk-patriotic i nā kumu nui.

I loko o kāna ʻoihana, ua kākau ʻo Shaporin i nā mele leo leo. Hoʻokomo ʻia kāna mau aloha i loko o ke kālā gula o nā mele Soviet. ʻO ka wikiwiki o ka haʻi mele, ka nani o ka manaʻo nui o ke kanaka, ke keaka maoli, ke kumu a me ke ʻano maoli o ka heluhelu ʻana o ka pauku, ka palaki o ke mele, ka ʻokoʻa a me ka waiwai o ke ʻano piano, ka piha a me ka pololei o ʻO ke ʻano e ʻike ai i nā aloha maikaʻi loa o ka mea haku mele, ʻo ia hoʻi nā romances i nā pauku o F. Tyutchev ("He aha kāu e kamaʻilio nei e pili ana i ka ʻuā, ka makani pō", "Poetry", cycle "Memory of the heart"), ʻEwalu elegies ma poems by Russian poets, Five romances on poems by A. Pushkin (me ka haku mele mele kaulana loa “Spell”), kaapuni “Distant Youth” ma na poems na A. Blok.

I loko o kona ola a pau, ua hana nuiʻo Shaporin i nā hana kaiaulu, nā mele a me nā hana hoʻonaʻauao; ʻike ʻia ma ka nūpepa ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻohewa. Mai 1939 a hiki i nā lā hope o kona ola, ua aʻo ʻo ia i kahi papa mele a me nā mea kani ma ka Moscow Conservatory. ʻO ke akamai maikaʻi loa, ka naʻauao a me ka noʻonoʻo o ke kumu i hiki ai iā ia ke hāpai i nā haku mele like ʻole e like me R. Shchedrin, E. Svetlanov, N. Sidelnikov, A. Flyarkovsky. G. Zhubanova, Ya. ʻO Yakhin a me nā mea'ē aʻe.

ʻO ke kiʻi o Shaporin, he mea pena kiʻi Lūkini maoli, he mea koʻikoʻi a me ka nani. I ke kenekulia XNUMX, i ka wā paʻakikī i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā kiʻi mele, i ka wā e hāʻule ai nā kuʻuna kahiko, ua hana ʻia nā neʻe ʻana o ka modernist he nui, ua hiki iā ia ke kamaʻilio e pili ana i nā loli kaiapili hou i kahi ʻōlelo maopopo a koʻikoʻi. ʻO ia ka mea nāna i lawe i nā kuʻuna waiwai a me ka pono o nā kiʻi mele Lūkini a ua hoʻokele ʻo ia e ʻike i kāna leo ponoʻī, ʻo kāna iho, "Shaporin note", ka mea e ʻike ʻia ai kāna mele a aloha ʻia e ka poʻe hoʻolohe.

V. Bazarnova