Boris Asafyev |

ʻO Boris Asafyev

People's Artist o ka USSR (1946). ʻAkamāka (1943). Ma 1908 ua puka 'o ia mai ke Kumu o ka History a me Philology o St. Petersburg University, ma 1910 - ka St. Petersburg Conservatory, papa o ka haku mele AK Lyadov. ʻO ke kamaʻilio ʻana me VV Stasov, AM Gorky, IE Repin, NA Rimsky-Korsakov, AK Glazunov, FI Chaliapin he hopena maikaʻi i ka hoʻokumu ʻana i kāna ʻike honua. Mai ka makahiki 1910, ua hana ʻo ia ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻokani pila ma ka Mariinsky Theatre, ʻo ia ka hoʻomaka ʻana o kāna pilina pili pili me ka hale keaka mele Lūkini. I ka makahiki 1910-11 ua kākau ʻo Asafiev i nā ballet mua - "The Gift of the Fairy" a me "White Lily". Hōʻike ʻia i kekahi manawa ma ka paʻi. Mai ka makahiki 1914, ua pa'i mau 'ia 'o ia ma ka puke "Music".

Ua loaʻa i nā hana ʻepekema-kaʻikala a me nā hana mele-lehulehu a Asafiev kahi kiko kūikawā ma hope o ka Great October Socialist Revolution. Ua hui pū ʻo ia ma nā ʻāpana paʻi (Life of Art, Vechernyaya Krasnaya Gazeta, etc.), e pane ana i nā nīnau like ʻole mai nā muses. ola, komo i ka hana a ka muses. t-ditch, ʻaha mele a me ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe moʻomeheu. nā hui ma Petrograd. Mai ka makahiki 1919 ua pili ʻo Asafiev me ka Bolshoi Drama. t-rum, kākau i mele no kekahi o kāna mau hana. I ka makahiki 1919-30 ua hana 'o ia ma ka Institute of the History of Art (mai ka makahiki 1920 'o ia ke po'o o ka māhele o ka mō'aukala mele). Mai ka makahiki 1925 ʻo Professor Leningrad. conservatory. 1920s - kekahi o nā manawa hua nui o ka ʻepekema. Nā hana a Asafiev. I kēia manawa, nui nā mea i hana ʻia. ka mea nui loa. nā hana - "Symphonic Etudes", "Letters on Russian Opera and Ballet", "Russian Music from the Beginning of the 19th Century", "Musical Form as a Process" (mahele 1), nā pōʻai o nā monographs a me nā noiʻi analytical, i hoʻolaʻa ʻia i. ka hana a MI Glinka, MP Mussorgsky, PI Tchaikovsky, AK Glazunov, IF Stravinsky a me nā mea ʻē aʻe, he nui nā mea ʻē aʻe. ʻatikala koʻikoʻi e pili ana i kēia manawa. ʻO nā mea haku mele Soviet a me nā haole, e pili ana i nā pilikia o ka nani, nā mele. naauao a naauao. I ka makahiki 30. Ua hāʻawi ʻo Asafiev iā Ch. nānā mele. noʻonoʻo, ʻoi aku ka ikaika o ka hana ma ke kahua o ka ballet. Ma 1941-43, ma Leningrad i hoʻopilikia ʻia, ua kākau ʻo Asafiev i kahi pōʻai nui o nā hana - "Nā Manaʻo a me nā Manaʻo" (i paʻi ʻia ma kahi hapa). I ka makahiki 1943 ua neʻe ʻo Asafiev i Moscou a ke poʻo i ke Keʻena ʻImiʻi ma Moscow. Conservatory, alakaʻi pū i ka Music Sector ma ka Institute of the History of Art ma ka USSR Academy of Science. I ka makahiki 1948, ma ka First All-Union Congress of Composers, ua koho ʻia ʻo ia ma mua. CK USSR. ʻO Stalin Prizes i ka makahiki 1943 no nā makahiki he nui o nā hoʻokō koʻikoʻi ma ke kahua o ke kiʻi a ma 1948 no ka puke Glinka.

Ua hāʻawi nui ʻo Asafiev i nā lālā o ke kumumanaʻo a me ka mōʻaukala mele. Me ke mele nui. a me na hana akamai. ʻO ka naʻauao, ka ʻike hohonu o ke kanaka, noʻonoʻo mau ʻo ia i nā muses. phenomena ma kahi ākea ākea a me ka moʻomeheu moʻomeheu, i ko lākou pilina a me ka launa pū ʻana me nā ʻano āpau o ke ola ʻuhane. Ua kōkua ʻo Asafiev i ke kālena kākau moʻolelo iā ia e hana hou i ka manaʻo o nā muses. prod. ma ke ʻano ola a me ke ʻano kiʻi; Ma nā hana a Asafiev, ua hui pinepine ʻia ka mea noiʻi me ka nānā ʻana i ke ola o ka memoirist. ʻO kekahi o ka chap. ʻO ka makemake ʻepekema ʻo Asafiev ʻo Rūsia. music classic, analysing to-ruyu Asafiev i hoike mai i kona lahui kanaka, humanism, truthfulness, high ethical pathos. Ma nā hana i hoʻolaʻa ʻia i nā mele a me nā mele hou. hoʻoilina, ua hana ʻo Asafiev ʻaʻole wale ma ke ʻano he mea noiʻi, akā he mea hoʻolaha hoʻi. ʻO ke ʻano ma kēia ʻano ke poʻo inoa o kekahi o nā hana a Asafiev - "Ma o ka wā i hala a hiki i ka wā e hiki mai ana." Ua ʻōlelo ikaika ʻo Asafiev i ka pale ʻana i ka mea hou i ka hana a me ke mele. ola. I nā makahiki ma mua o ke kipi, ʻo Asafiev (me VG Karatygin a me N. Ya. Myaskovsky) kekahi o nā mea hoʻohewa mua a me nā mea hoʻolaha o ka hana a ka ʻōpio SS Prokofiev. I ka makahiki 20. Ua hoʻolaʻa ʻo Asafiev i kekahi mau ʻatikala i nā hana a A. Berg, P. Hindemith, E. Ksheneck a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. haku mele haole. Ma ka Buke o Stravinsky, ua hōʻike malū ʻia kekahi mau hiʻohiʻona stylistic. nā kaʻina hana e pili ana i ke mele o ke kenekulia 20. Ma nā ʻatikala a Asafiev "The Crisis of Personal Creativity" a me "Composers, wikiwiki!" (1924) ua kāhea ʻia nā mea hoʻokani pila e pili i ke ola, e hoʻokokoke i ka mea hoʻolohe. ʻO Mn. Ua hoʻolohe ʻo Asafiev i nā pilikia o ke mele nui. ola, nar. hana hoʻohua. I nā laʻana maikaʻi o nā pueo. Na ka poʻe hoʻokae mele i kāna mau ʻatikala ma N. Ya. Myaskovsky, DD Shostakovich, AI Khachaturian, V. Ya. Sebalin.

Philosophical a me ka nani. a ua hoailona ko Asafiev manao. hoʻomohala ʻana. I ka wā mua o kāna hana, ua ʻike ʻia ʻo ia e ka idealistic. nā ʻano. Ke hoʻoikaika nei i ka ʻike ikaika o ke mele, e lanakila i ka dogmatic. aʻo mele. ʻano, ua hilinaʻi mua ʻo ia i ke akeakamai o A. Bergson, e hōʻaiʻē, ʻo ia hoʻi, kāna manaʻo o "ke ola impulse". I ka hoʻokumu ʻana i nā mele-theoretical. He hopena koʻikoʻi ka manaʻo o Asafiev i ka ikehu. ʻO ka manaʻo o E. Kurt. ʻO ke aʻo ʻana i nā hana o nā papa mele o Marxism-Leninism (mai ka hapa 2nd o nā makahiki 20) ua ʻae ʻia ʻo Asafiev ma ka materialistic. kūlana. ʻO ka hopena o ka ʻimi noiʻi ʻo Asafiev ka hana ʻana i kahi kumumanaʻo o ka intonation, ʻo ia iho i manaʻo ʻia he hypothesis e kōkua ana e ʻimi i "ke kī i ka hoʻopaʻapaʻa paʻa maoli o ke kiʻi mele e like me ka noʻonoʻo maoli o ka ʻoiaʻiʻo." ʻO ka wehewehe ʻana i ke mele ma ke ʻano he "art of intoned meaning", ua manaʻo ʻo Asafiev i ka intonation ka mea nui. ʻano o "hōʻike manaʻo" ma ke mele. ʻO ka manaʻo o ka symphonism ma ke ʻano he ʻano hana noʻeau, i hoʻopuka ʻia e Asafiev, ua loaʻa i kahi manaʻo koʻikoʻi koʻikoʻi. nā mea hoʻohālikelike i nā mele ma muli o ka dynamic. ʻike i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo i kona hoʻomohala ʻana, ka hakakā a me ka hakakā ʻana o nā kumu kūʻē. ʻO Asafiev ka hope a me ka hope o nā ʻelele kaulana loa o ka Lūkini. nā manaʻo maʻamau e pili ana i ke mele - VF Odoevsky, AN Serov, VV Stasov. I ka manawa like, hōʻailona kāna hana i kahi hana hou i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā muses. ʻepekema. A. – ka mea nāna i hoʻokumu i nā pueo. musicology. Ua ulu maikaʻi kāna mau manaʻo i nā hana a nā Soviets, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe he nui. haole mele mele.

ʻO ka hana haku mele a Asafiev he 28 mau ballet, 11 mau opera, 4 symphonies, ka nui o nā romances a me nā mea kani keʻena. hana, mele i na hana keaka he nui. Ua hoʻopau a hoʻokani ʻo ia i ka opera Khovanshchina na MP Mussorgsky e like me nā palapala a ka mea kākau, a hana i kahi paʻi hou. ʻO ka opera a Serov "Enemy Force"

Ua hāʻawi ʻia kahi haʻawina nui e Asafiev i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka ballet. Me kāna hana, ua hoʻonui ʻo ia i ka moʻomeheu. pōʻai o nā kiʻi o kēia ʻano. Ua kākau ʻo ia i nā ballets e pili ana i nā ʻāpana o AS Pushkin - The Fountain of Bakhchisarai (1934, Leningrad Opera and Ballet Theatre), The Prisoner of the Caucasus (1938, Leningrad, Maly Opera Theatre), The Young Lady-Peasant Woman (1946, Big). tr.), etc.; NV Gogol – ʻO ka pō ma mua o ka Kalikimaka (1938, Leningrad Opera a me Ballet Theatre); M. Yu. Lermontov - "Ashik-Kerib" (1940, Leningrad. Small Opera House); M. Gorky - "Radda a me Loiko" (1938, Moscow, ka paka waena o ka moʻomeheu a me ka leʻaleʻa); O. Balzac - "Lost Illusions" (1935, Leningrad Opera and Ballet Theatre); Dante - "Francesca da Rimini" (1947, Moscow Musical Tr i kapa ʻia ma hope o KS Stanislavsky a me VI Nemirovich-Danchenko). Ma ka hana ballet a Asafiev, ua hōʻike ʻia a hoʻokuʻu ʻia ka heroic o ke Kaua Kivila - "Partisan Days" (1937, Leningrad Opera and Ballet Theatre). ka hakakā o nā kānaka e kū'ē i ka fascism - "Militsa" (1947, ibid.). I loko o kekahi mau ballet, ua ʻimi ʻo Asafiev e hana hou i ka "ʻano lewa" o ka wā. I ka ballet The Flames of Paris (1932, ibid.), ua hoʻohana ʻo Asafiev i nā mele mai ka wā o ka French Revolution a hana ʻia e nā mea haku mele o ia manawa a "hana i kēia hana ʻaʻole wale ma ke ʻano he mea pāʻani, haku mele, akā ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻokani pila. , ka mea kākau moʻolelo a me ka mea kākau moʻolelo, me ka hōʻalo ʻole i nā ʻano o ka moʻolelo mōʻaukala hou. Ua hoʻohana ʻia kahi ʻano like e Asafiev i ka wā i hana ai i ka opera ʻO ka Puʻukū e pili ana i ka manaʻo o M. Yu. Lermontov (1937, Leningrad Pakhomov Sailors Club) a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. i loko o ka repertoire o Soviet muses. t-auwai

Nā haku mele: ʻAʻole. hana, vols. IV, M., 1952-1957 (ma ka vol. Ua hāʻawi ʻia ʻo V i kahi bibliography kikoʻī a me ka notography); Aloha. ʻatikala e pili ana i ka hoʻonaʻauao mele a me ka hoʻonaʻauao, M.-L., 1965; Nā ʻatikala a me nā loiloi koʻikoʻi, M.-L., 1967; Oresteia. Nā mele. trilogy S. A ME. Taneeva, M., 1916; ʻO Romances S. A ME. Taneeva, M., 1916; Ke alakaʻi ʻaha mele, vol. I. ʻO ka puke wehewehe ʻōlelo o ka mele pono loa a me ka ʻenehana. inoa, P., 1919; ʻO ka hala o nā mele Lūkini. Mea a me ka noiʻi, vol. 1. AP A ME. Tchaikovsky, P., 1920 (ed.); Nā mele Lūkini ma nā mele Lūkini, P., 1921; Chaikovsky. Ka ʻike kikoʻī, P., 1921; Scriabin. Ka ʻike kikoʻī, P., 1921; ʻO Dante a me nā mele, ma: Dante Alighieri. 1321-1921, P., 1921; Nā haʻawina Symphonic, P., 1922, 1970; P. A ME. Chaikovsky. ʻO kona ola a me kāna hana, P., 1922; Nā leka ma Russian Opera a me Ballet, Petrograd Weekly. state acad. hale keaka”, 1922, No 3-7, 9, 10, 12, 13; ʻO Chopin. ʻIke hōʻike, M., 1923; Mussorgsky. ʻIke hōʻike, M., 1923; Overture "Ruslan a me Lyudmila" na Glinka, "Musical Chronicle", Sat. 2, P., 1923; ʻO ke kumumanaʻo o ke kaʻina hana mele-historical, ke kumu o ka ʻike mele-historical, ma Sat: Tasks and ways of studying the arts, P., 1924; ʻO Glazunov. ʻIke hōʻike, L., 1924; ʻO Myaskovsky ma ke ʻano he symphonist, Modern Music, M., 1924, No 3; Chaikovsky. Memoirs and letters, P., 1924 (ed.); ʻO ka Musicology Russian Contemporary a me kāna mau hana mōʻaukala, De Musisa, vol. 1, L., 1925; ʻO Glinka's Waltz-Fantasy, Musical Chronicle, No 3, L., 1926; Nā nīnau mele ma ke kula. Poʻa ʻatikala ed. A ME. Glebova, L., 1926; ʻO ka Symphonism he pilikia o ka musicology hou, ma ka puke: P. Becker, Symphony mai Beethoven a Mahler, trans. i. A ME. Glebova, L., 1926; ʻO nā mele Farani a me kāna mau ʻelele hou, i ka hōʻiliʻili: "Eono" (Milo. Onegger. ʻO ʻArika. Poulenc. Durey. Taifer), L., 1926; ʻO Kshenec lāua ʻo Berg ma ke ʻano he mea haku mele, "Modern Music", 1926, No. 17-18; A. Casella, L., 1927; MAI. Prokofiev, L., 1927; Ma nā hana koke o ka sociology of music, ma ka puke: Moser G. I., Mele o ke kulanakauhale kahiko, trans. me Kelemania, malalo o ke kauoha. A ME. Glebova, L., 1927; Nā mele symphonic Lūkini no 10 mau makahiki, "Music and Revolution", 1927, No 11; Mele hale ma hope o ʻOkakopa, i ka lā Sābati: Mele hou, ʻaʻole. 1 (V), L., 1927; Ma ke aʻo ʻana i nā mele Lūkini o ke kenekulia XVIII. a me elua mau keaka na Bortnyansky, i ka ohi ana: Music and musical life of old Russia, L., 1927; Memo e pili ana iā Kozlovsky, ibid.; I ka hoʻihoʻi ʻana o "Boris Godunov" na Mussorgsky, L., 1928; Buke e pili ana iā Stravinsky, L., 1929; AKA. G. ʻO Rubinstein i kāna hana mele a me nā loiloi o kona mau hoa, M., 1929; Aloha Lūkini. ʻO ka ʻike o ka nānā ʻana i ka leo. Poʻa ʻatikala ed. B. MA Asafiev, M.-L., 1930; Introduction to the Study of Mussorgsky's Dramaturgy, in: Mussorgsky, māhele XNUMX. 1. "Boris Godunov". Nā ʻatikala a me nā mea waiwai, M., 1930; ʻO ke ʻano mele ma ke ʻano he hana, M., 1930, L., 1963; TO. Nef. Moolelo Europa Komohana. mele, hoʻoponopono hou ʻia a hoʻohui ʻia ka trans. me ka franc. B. MA Asafiev, L., 1930; M., 1938; Nā mele Lūkini mai ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke kenekulia 19, M.-L., 1930, 1968; Nā hiʻohiʻona mele a me ka nani o Mussorgsky, ma: M. AP Mussorgsky. I ka 50 makahiki o kona make ana. 1881-1931, Moscow, 1932. Ma ka hana a Shostakovich a me kāna opera "Lady Macbeth", i ka hōʻiliʻili: "Lady Macbeth o ka Mtsensk District", L., 1934; ʻO koʻu ala, "SM", 1934, No 8; Ma ka hoomanao ana ia P. A ME. Tchaikovsky, M.-L., 1940; Ma o ka wā i hala a hiki i ka wā e hiki mai ana, he mau ʻatikala, ma ka hōʻiliʻili: "SM", No 1, M., 1943; Eugene Onegin. Nā hiʻohiʻona mele P. A ME. ʻO Tchaikovsky. ʻO ka ʻike o ka loiloi intonation o ke ʻano a me ke mele. hana keaka, M.-L., 1944; N. A. Rimsky-Korsakov, M.-L., 1944; ʻO ka symphony ʻewalu D. Shostakovich, ma sb.: Moscow Philharmonic, Moscow, 1945; Mea haku mele 1st pol. ʻO ke kenekulia XNUMX, ʻaʻole. 1, M., 1945 (ma ka moʻolelo "Russian classical music"); MAI. MA Rachmaninov, M., 1945; ʻAno mele ma ke ʻano he kaʻina hana, puke. 2nd, Intonation, M., 1947, L., 1963 (me ka hapa 1); Glinka, M., 1947; Hoʻopāpā. ʻO Opera P. A ME. Tchaikovsky, M., 1947; Nā ala o ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā mele Soviet, ma: Essays on Soviet musical creativity, M.-L., 1947; Opera, ibid.; Symphony, ibid.; Grieg, M., 1948; Mai kaʻu mau kamaʻilio ʻana me Glazunov, Yearbook of the Institute of Art History, Moscow, 1948; ʻO Rumor o Glinka, i ka hōʻiliʻili: M.

E hoʻomaopopo ': Lunacharsky A., ʻO kekahi o nā hoʻololi i ka mōʻaukala hana, "Bulletin of the Communist Academy", 1926, puke. XV; Bogdanov-Berezovsky V., BV Asafiev. Leningrad, 1937; Zhitomirsky D., Igor Glebov ma keʻano he mea hoʻolaha, "SM", 1940, No 12; Shostakovich D., Boris Asafiev, "Literature and Art", 1943, Kepakemapa 18; Ossovsky A., BV Asafiev, "Soviet music", Sat. 4, M., 1945; Khubov G., mea hookani pila, mea noonoo, mea hoolaha, ibid.; Bernandt G., I ka hoʻomanaʻo ʻana iā Asafiev, "SM", 1949, No 2; Livanova T., BV Asafiev a me Russian Glinkiana, ma ka hōʻiliʻili: MI Glinka, M.-L., 1950; I ka hoʻomanaʻo ʻana iā BV Asafiev, Sat. 'atikala, M., 1951; Mazel L., Ma ka manaʻo mele-theoretical o Asafiev, "SM", 1957, No 3; Kornienko V., Hoʻokumu a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana o nā manaʻo nani o BV Asafiev, "Scientific-methodical. Nā memo o ka Novosibirsk Conservatory, 1958; ʻO Orlova E., BV Asafiev. Way of the researcher and publicist, L., 1964; ʻO Iranek A., ʻO kekahi mau pilikia nui o ka mele mele Marxist ma ka mālamalama o ka manaʻo o Asafiev o intonation, ma Sat: Intonation and musical image, M., 1965; Fydorov V., VV Asafev et la musicologie russe avant et apris 1917, in: Bericht über den siebenten Internationalen musikwissenschaftlichen Kongress Keln 1958, Kassel, 1959; Jiranek Y., Peispevek k teorii a praxi intonaeni analyzy, Praha, 1965.

ʻO Yu.V. Keldysh