Ljuba Welitsch |
Ljuba Welitsch
"ʻAʻole wau he German peysan, akā he Bulgarian sexy," i ʻōlelo pāʻani ai ke soprano Lyuba Velich i kekahi manawa, e pane ana i ka nīnau no ke aha ʻo ia i hīmeni ʻole ai iā Wagner. ʻAʻole kēia pane i ka narcissism o ka mea mele kaulana. Hōʻike pololei ʻo ia ʻaʻole wale i kona manaʻo iā ia iho, akā pehea hoʻi i ʻike ʻia ai e ka lehulehu ma ʻEulopa a me ʻAmelika - ʻo ia kekahi o ke akua wahine maikaʻi o ka naʻau ma ka Olympus operatic. ʻO kona ʻano, kona ʻano hāmama, ka ikaika pupule, kahi ʻano quintessence o ka mele mele a me ka eroticism dramatic, āna i hāʻawi ai i ka mea nānā-hoʻolohe piha, waiho i kahi hoʻomanaʻo iā ia he ʻano kūʻokoʻa i ka honua o ka opera.
Ua hānau ʻia ʻo Lyuba Velichkova ma Iulai 10, 1913 ma ka moku Bulgarian, ma ke kauhale liʻiliʻi o Slavyanovo, ʻaʻole mamao loa mai ke awa nui loa o ka ʻāina ʻo Varna - ma hope o ke Kaua Honua Mua, ua kapa ʻia ke kūlanakauhale ʻo Borisovo no ka hanohano o ka Bulgarian. ʻO Tsar Boris III, no laila ua hōʻike ʻia kēia inoa ma ka hapa nui o nā puke e like me ka wahi hānau o ka mea mele. ʻO nā mākua o Lyuba - ʻO Angel a me Rada - hele mai mai ka ʻāina Pirin (hema komohana o ka ʻāina), he mau aʻa Makedonia.
Ua hoʻomaka ka mea mele e hiki mai ana i kāna hoʻonaʻauao mele ma ke ʻano he kamaliʻi, e aʻo ana e pāʻani i ka violin. Ma ke koi a kona mau mākua, ka mea i makemake e hāʻawi i kāna kaikamahine i kahi "koʻikoʻi" kūikawā, ua aʻo ʻo ia i ke akeakamai ma ke Kulanui ʻo Sofia, a ma ka manawa like i hīmeni ai i ka papa mele o ka Alexander Nevsky Cathedral ma ke kapikala. Akā na'e,'o ka makemake i nā mele a me nā mea akamai i alaka'i'ia i ka mea mele e hiki mai ana i ka Sofia Conservatory, kahi i a'o ai i ka papa o Professor Georgy Zlatev. ʻOiai ʻo ia e aʻo ana i ka conservatory, hīmeni ʻo Velichkova i ka papa mele o ka Sofia Opera, ua hana ʻo ia ma ʻaneʻi: i ka makahiki 1934 ua hīmeni ʻo ia i kahi hapa liʻiliʻi o ka mea kūʻai manu ma "Louise" na G. Charpentier; ʻO ka lua o ka hana ʻo Tsarevich Fedor ma Mussorgsky's Boris Godunov, a ʻo ka mea hoʻokani malihini kaulana, ʻo Chaliapin nui, hoʻokani i ke poʻo inoa i kēlā ahiahi.
Ma hope mai, ua hoʻomaikaʻi ʻo Lyuba Velichkova i kāna mau leo leo ma ka Vienna Academy of Music. I ka wā o kāna aʻo ʻana ma Vienna, ua hoʻolauna ʻia ʻo Velichkova i ka moʻomeheu mele Austro-German a ʻo kona hoʻomohala hou ʻana ma ke ʻano he mea pena opera i pili nui me nā hiʻohiʻona Kelemania. I ka manawa like, ua "pōkole" ʻo ia i kona inoa Slavic, e kamaʻāina ai i ka pepeiao Kelemania: ʻo ia ke ʻano o Velich mai Velichkova - he inoa i kaulana ma hope ma nā ʻaoʻao ʻelua o ka Atlantika. I ka makahiki 1936, ua kau inoa ʻo Luba Velich i kāna ʻaelike Austrian mua loa a hiki i ka makahiki 1940, hīmeni ʻo ia ma Graz ma ke ʻano nui o ka repertoire Italia (i waena o nā kuleana o ia mau makahiki - Desdemona i ka opera Otello a G. Verdi, nā kuleana ma nā keaka a G. Puccini - Mimi ma La Boheme ", Cio-Cio-san ma Madama Butterfly, Manon ma Manon Lesko, etc.).
I ka wā o ke Kaua Honua ʻElua, hīmeni ʻo Velich ma Kelemania, lilo ʻo ia i hoʻokahi o nā mele kaulana loa o ka Third Reich: ma 1940-1943. He kanaka mele ʻo ia ma ka hale keaka kahiko loa ma Hamburg, i ka makahiki 1943-1945. - ka mea hoʻokani mele o ka Bavarian Opera ma Munich, a me ka hoʻokani pinepine ʻana ma nā pae alakaʻi Kelemania ʻē aʻe, ʻo ia hoʻi ka Saxon Semperoper ma Dresden a me ka State Opera ma Berlin. ʻAʻole i loaʻa ka hopena maikaʻi o kahi ʻoihana maikaʻi ma Nazi Kelemānia ma hope o Velich i nā kūleʻa o ka honua: ʻaʻole like me ka nui o nā mea mele Kelemania a ʻEulopa paha i ulu aʻe i ka wā o Hitler (e like me R. Strauss, G. Karajan, V. Furtwängler, K. Flagstad, etc.). Ua pakele ka mea mele i ka denazification.
I ka manawa like, ʻaʻole ʻo ia i haʻihaʻi me Vienna, ka mea, ma muli o ka Anschluss, ʻoiai ua pau ke kūlanakauhale nui, ʻaʻole i nalowale kona ʻano nui ma ke ʻano he kikowaena mele honua: i ka makahiki 1942, hīmeni ʻo Lyuba no ka manawa mua. i loko o ka Vienna Volksoper ka hapa o Salome i ka opera o ka inoa hoʻokahi a R. Strauss i lilo i mea hōʻailona. Ma ka hana like, e hana ʻo ia i kāna hana mua ma 1944 ma Vienna State Opera ma ka hoʻolauleʻa ʻana i ka makahiki 80th o R. Strauss, ka mea i hauʻoli i kāna wehewehe ʻana. Mai ka makahiki 1946, ua lilo ʻo Lyuba Velich i mea hoʻokani pila piha o ka Vienna Opera, kahi i hana ai ʻo ia i kahi hana dizzying, a ua loaʻa iā ia ka inoa hanohano o "Kammersengerin" i ka makahiki 1962.
I ka makahiki 1947, me kēia hale keaka, ua ʻike mua ʻia ʻo ia ma ke kahua o London's Covent Garden, ma kāna ʻāpana pūlima o Salome. Ua maikaʻi ka lanakila, a loaʻa i ka mea mele kahi ʻaelike pilikino ma ka hale kiʻiʻoniʻoni Pelekane kahiko loa, kahi āna i hīmeni mau ai a hiki i ka makahiki 1952 e like me Donna Anna ma Don Giovanni na WA Mozart, Musetta ma La Boheme na G. Puccini, Lisa ma Spades Wahine" na PI Tchaikovsky, Aida i "Aida" na G. Verdi, Tosca ma "Tosca" na G. Puccini, a pela aku. Ua hoʻokumu ʻia ʻo "Salome", e hui pū ana i ke talena o ka mea mele me ke kuhikuhi maikaʻi o Peter Brook a me ka hoʻolālā hoʻolālā kiʻekiʻe o Salvador Dali.
ʻO ke kiʻekiʻe o ka ʻoihana ʻo Luba Velich he ʻekolu mau kau ma New York Metropolitan Opera, kahi i hana ai ʻo ia i kāna hana mua ma 1949 hou ʻo Salome (ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia kēia hana, alakaʻi ʻia e ke alakaʻi ʻo Fritz Reiner, a ʻo ia ka wehewehe maikaʻi loa o ka Strauss opera a hiki i kēia lā. ). Ma ke kahua o ka hale kiʻiʻoniʻoni o New York, hīmeni ʻo Velich i kāna repertoire nui - ma kahi o Salome, ʻo Aida, Tosca, Donna Anna, Musetta kēia. Ma waho aʻe o Vienna, Lādana a me New York, ua ʻike ʻia ka mea mele ma nā pae honua ʻē aʻe, ʻo ia ka mea koʻikoʻi ʻo ka Salzburg Festival, kahi ma 1946 a me 1950 i mele ai i ka ʻāpana o Donna Anna, a me nā Glyndebourne a me Edinburgh Festivals. , kahi i ka makahiki 1949 Ma ke kono a ka impresario kaulana ʻo Rudolf Bing, ua hīmeni ʻo ia i ka ʻāpana o Amelia ma G. Verdi's Masquerade Ball.
ʻO ka hana maikaʻi o ka mea mele he mālamalama, akā pōkole, ʻoiai ua hoʻopau wale ʻia i ka makahiki 1981. I ka waena o 1950s. ua hoʻomaka ʻo ia e loaʻa nā pilikia me kona leo e pono ai ke ʻoki ʻia ma kona mau ligaments. Aia paha ke kumu o kēia ma ka hoʻomaka ʻana o kāna ʻoihana, ua haʻalele ka mea mele i kahi mele mele, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ke ʻano o kona leo, i makemake i nā hana koʻikoʻi. Ma hope o 1955, ʻaʻole ʻo ia i hoʻokani (ma Vienna a hiki i 1964), ka hapa nui ma nā pāʻina liʻiliʻi: ʻo kāna hana nui hope loa ʻo Yaroslavna ma Prince Igor na AP Borodin. I ka makahiki 1972, ua hoʻi ʻo Velich i ke kahua o ka Metropolitan Opera: me J. Sutherland a me L. Pavarotti, ua hoʻokani ʻo ia i ka opera a G. Donizetti ʻO ke kaikamahine a ka Regiment. A ʻoiai ʻo kāna kuleana (Duchess von Krakenthorpe) he liʻiliʻi a kamaʻilio, ua hoʻokipa maikaʻi ka lehulehu i ka Bulgarian nui.
He mea kupanaha loa ka leo o Lyuba Velich i ka moolelo o na leo. ʻAʻole i loaʻa i ka nani kūikawā a me ka waiwai o ka leo, ua loaʻa iā ia i ka manawa like nā ʻano i hoʻokaʻawale i ka mea mele mai nā prima donnas ʻē aʻe. Hōʻike ʻia ka lyrical soprano Velich e ka maʻemaʻe ʻole o ka intonation, ka mea kani o ke kani, kahi timbre hou, "girlish" (ʻo ia ka mea i pono ai i nā ʻāpana o nā heroine ʻōpio e like me Salome, Butterfly, Musetta, etc.) a me ka lele kupaianaha, ʻoiai. kani kani, i hiki ai i ka mea mele ke "ʻoki" maʻalahi i kekahi, ʻo ka orkestra ikaika loa. ʻO kēia mau hiʻohiʻona a pau, e like me ka mea he nui, ua lilo ʻo Velich i mea hoʻokani maikaʻi loa no ka repertoire Wagner, kahi i hoʻomau ʻole ai ka mea mele i kāna ʻoihana a pau, me ka noʻonoʻo ʻana i ka hana keaka a Wagner ʻaʻole i ʻae ʻia a hoihoi ʻole no kona ʻano wela.
I ka moʻolelo o ka opera, ua noho nui ʻo Velich ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻokani maikaʻi o Salome, ʻoiai ʻaʻole kūpono e noʻonoʻo iā ia he mea hana keaka o ka hana hoʻokahi, no ka mea, ua loaʻa iā ia ka kūleʻa nui ma nā hana ʻē aʻe (ma ka huina, aia ma kahi o kanalima o lākou. i loko o ka papa mele a ka mea mele), ua hoʻokō maikaʻi ʻo ia i kahi operetta (ʻo kāna Rosalind ma "The Bat" na I. Strauss ma ke kahua o ka "Metropolitan" i mahalo ʻia e nā mea he nui ʻole ma mua o Salome). He kālena koʻikoʻi kāna ma ke ʻano he mea hana keaka, ʻaʻole i hana pinepine ʻia i ka wā ma mua o Kallas ma ke kahua opera. I ka manawa like, ua hoʻokau ʻia ka naʻau i kekahi manawa, e alakaʻi ana i ka pīhoihoi, inā ʻaʻole nā kūlana tragicomic ma ke kahua. No laila, ma ke kuleana o Tosca i ka pāʻani "Metropolitan Opera", ua hahau maoli ʻo ia i kāna hoa, nāna i hoʻokani i ke ʻano o kāna mea hoʻomāinoino ʻo Baron Scarpia: ua hui kēia hoʻoholo o ke kiʻi me ka leʻaleʻa o ka lehulehu, akā ma hope o ka hana ʻana i hana ai. pilikia nui no ka hooponopono hale keaka.
Ua ʻae ʻo Acting iā Lyuba Velich e hana i ka lua o ka hana ma hope o ka haʻalele ʻana i ke kahua nui, e hana ana i nā kiʻiʻoniʻoni a me ke kīwī. Ma waena o nā hana i loko o ka hale kiʻiʻoniʻoni ʻo ia ke kiʻiʻoniʻoni "A Man Between ..." (1953), kahi e hoʻokani hou ai ka mea mele i ke ʻano o ka opera diva ma "Salome"; nā kiʻi mele ʻO ka Dove (1959, me ke komo ʻana o Louis Armstrong), The Final Chord (1960, me ke komo ʻana o Mario del Monaco) a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. 'O ka huina, he 26 mau ki'i'oni'oni a Lyuba Velich. Ua make ka mea mele ma ka lā 2 o Kepakemapa, 1996 ma Vienna.
