Josef Krips |

Joseph Krips

"Ua hānau ʻia au ma Vienna, ua ulu au ma laila, a ua hoihoi mau wau i kēia kūlanakauhale, kahi e paʻi ai ka puʻuwai mele o ka honua iaʻu," wahi a Josef Krips. 'A'ole wehewehe wale kēia mau hua'ōlelo i nā 'oia'i'o o kāna mo'olelo, ke kī nei lākou i ke ki'i ki'i o kahi mea ho'okani pila. He kuleana ko Krips e ʻōlelo: “Ma nā wahi a pau aʻu e hana ai, ʻike mua lākou iaʻu ma ke ʻano he alakaʻi Viennese, e hoʻohālikelike ana i ka hana mele Viennese. A mahalo nui ʻia kēia a aloha ʻia ma nā wahi āpau. "

ʻO ka poʻe hoʻolohe o nā ʻāina āpau o ʻEulopa a me ʻAmelika, ʻo ka poʻe i hui pū me kāna kiʻi momona, ʻoliʻoli, ʻoluʻolu, ʻike ʻo Krips he lei aliʻi maoli, ʻona i ke mele, hoihoi a hoʻopaʻa i ka lehulehu. ʻO Krips ka mea mua he mea hoʻokani pila a laila he alakaʻi. ʻOi aku ka nui o ka Expressiveness iā ia ma mua o ka pololei, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka impulse ma mua o ka loiloi koʻikoʻi. ʻAʻohe mea kupanaha nona kēia wehewehe ʻana: "Pedantically a pololei i hōʻailona ʻia e ka mea alakaʻi o ka hapahā ana ʻo ia ka make o nā mele āpau."

Hāʻawi ka mea loea mele Austrian A. Viteshnik i kēia kiʻi o ka mea alakaʻi: “He alakaʻi mele ʻo Joseph Krips i hāʻawi ʻole iā ia iho i ka hana mele. He puʻupuʻu ikaika kēia, e hoʻokani mau ana me ka makemake a pau i ke mele me kona ʻano a pau; ʻO ka mea hoʻokokoke i ka hana me ka ʻole o ka manaʻo a i ʻole ke ʻano, akā me ka paʻakikī, hoʻoholo, me ka hana keaka. ʻAʻole prone i ka noʻonoʻo lōʻihi, ʻaʻole kaumaha i nā pilikia stylistic, ʻaʻole pilikia e nā kikoʻī liʻiliʻi a i ʻole nā ​​nuances, akā e hoʻoikaika mau ana no ka holoʻokoʻa, hoʻonohonoho ʻo ia i nā manaʻo mele kūikawā. ʻAʻole kahi hōkū console, ʻaʻole alakaʻi no ka lehulehu. ʻO kēlā me kēia "tailcoat coquetry" he malihini iā ​​ia. ʻAʻole ʻo ia e hoʻoponopono i kona mau helehelena a i ʻole kāna mau hana i mua o ke aniani. Hōʻike maopopo ʻia ke kaʻina hana mele ma kona mau helehelena e kāpae ʻia nā manaʻo āpau o nā ʻaha kūkā. Me ka manaʻo ʻole, me ka ikaika ʻino, ke ʻano ikaika, ākea a me ke ʻano hoʻohiwahiwa, alakaʻi ʻo ia i ka orchestra ma o nā hana āna e ʻike nei ma kāna hiʻohiʻona ponoʻī. ʻAʻole ia he mea pena kiʻi a ʻaʻole hoʻi he anatomist mele, akā he mea hoʻokani pila i hoʻopili i kāna hoʻoikaika. Ke hāpai aʻela ʻo ia i kāna ʻāʻī, nalowale ka mamao ma waena ona me ka haku mele. ʻAʻole piʻi ʻo Krips ma luna o ka helu - komo ʻo ia i loko o ka hohonu. Hīmeni ʻo ia me ka poʻe mele, hoʻokani mele ʻo ia me nā mea hoʻokani pila, akā naʻe, aia iā ia ka mana piha ma luna o ka hana.

ʻO ka hopena o Krips ma ke ʻano he alakaʻi ʻaʻole mamao loa e like me kāna ʻoihana. Ua hauʻoli kona hoʻomaka ʻana - i kona wā kamaliʻi ua hōʻike ʻo ia i ke kālena mele ma mua, mai ka makahiki ʻeono ua hoʻomaka ʻo ia e aʻo i ke mele, mai ka ʻumi mai ʻo ia i hīmeni ai i ka papa himeni o ka hale pule, i ka ʻumikūmāhā ua maikaʻi ʻo ia i ka hoʻokani pila, viola, a me ka piano. A laila ua aʻo ʻo ia ma ka Vienna Academy of Music ma lalo o ke alakaʻi ʻana a nā kumu e like me E. Mandishevsky a me F. Weingartner; ma hope o ka hana ʻana i ʻelua makahiki ma ke ʻano he violinist ma kahi okestra, ua lilo ʻo ia i haku mele no ka Vienna State Opera a i ka makahiki ʻumikūmāiwa ua kū ʻo ia ma kāna console e alakaʻi i ka Verdi's Un ballo ma maschera.

Ke neʻe wikiwiki nei ʻo Krips i ke kiʻekiʻe o ka kaulana: ua alakaʻi ʻo ia i nā hale opera ma Dortmund a me Karlsruhe a i ka makahiki 1933 ua lilo ʻo ia i alakaʻi mua ma ka Vienna State Opera a loaʻa iā ia kahi papa ma kāna alma mater, ka Academy of Music. Akā i kēlā manawa, ua noho ʻia ʻo Austria e nā Nazis, a ua koi ʻia ka mea hoʻokani mele holomua e haʻalele i kāna kūlana. Ua neʻe ʻo ia i Belgrade, akā ʻaʻole liʻuliʻu ua loaʻa iā ia ka lima o Hitlerism ma ʻaneʻi. Ua papa ʻia ʻo Krips e alakaʻi. No ʻehiku makahiki lōʻihi, ua hana mua ʻo ia ma ke ʻano he kākau ʻōlelo a laila ma ke ʻano he kahu kūʻai. Me he mea la ua pau ka hana ana. ʻAʻole naʻe i poina ʻo Krips i kāna ʻoihana, a ʻaʻole poina ka Viennese i kā lākou mea hoʻokani pila aloha.

Ma ʻApelila 10, 1945, ua hoʻokuʻu ʻia nā pūʻali Soviet i Vienna. Ma mua o ka make ʻana o nā volley o ke kaua ma ka ʻāina ʻo ʻAuseturia, aia hou ʻo Krips ma ke kahua o ke alakaʻi. Ma ka lā 1 o Mei, alakaʻi ʻo ia i ka hana koʻikoʻi o The Marriage of Figaro ma ka Volksoper, ma lalo o kāna alakaʻi i hoʻomaka hou ʻia nā ʻaha mele Musikverein ma Kepakemapa 16, hoʻomaka ka Vienna State Opera i kāna hana ma ʻOkakopa 6 me ka hana a Fidelio, a ma ʻOkakopa 14. wehe ka manawa ʻahamele ma Vienna Philharmonic! I loko o kēia mau makahiki, ua kapa ʻia ʻo Krips "ka ʻānela maikaʻi o ke ola mele Viennese".

ʻAʻole i liʻuliʻu ua kipa ʻo Josef Krips iā Moscow a me Leningrad. ʻO kekahi o kāna mau ʻahamele i hōʻike ʻia i nā hana a Beethoven a me Tchaikovsky, Bruckner a me Shostakovich, Schubert a me Khachaturian, Wagner a me Mozart; Ua hoʻolaʻa ka mea pena i ke ahiahi holoʻokoʻa i ka hana o Strauss waltzes. ʻO ka holomua ma Moscow ka mea i hoʻomaka i ka kaulana o Crips ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa. Ua kono ʻia ʻo ia e hoʻokani ma USA. Akā i ka lele ʻana o ka mea pena ma luna o ka moana, ua paʻa ʻo ia e nā luna hoʻokele a kau ʻia ma ka mokupuni kaulana ʻo Ellis. ʻElua lā ma hope mai, ua hāʻawi ʻia ʻo ia e hoʻi i ʻEulopa: ʻaʻole lākou makemake e hāʻawi i kahi visa komo i ka mea pena kaulana, ka mea i kipa koke aku i ka USSR. No ke kūʻē ʻana i ke komo ʻole ʻana o ke aupuni Austrian, ʻaʻole i hoʻi ʻo Krips i Vienna, akā noho ʻo ia ma ʻEnelani. No kekahi manawa ua alakaʻi ʻo ia i ka London Symphony Orchestra. Ma hope mai, ua loa'a na'e i ke alaka'i ka manawa e ho'okani ai ma USA, kahi i hookipa maika'i 'ia ai e ka lehulehu. I nā makahiki i hala iho nei, ua alakaʻi ʻo Krips i nā orkestra ma Buffalo a me Kapalakiko. Ua huakaʻi mau ka mea alakaʻi i ʻEulopa, e alakaʻi mau ana i nā ʻaha mele a me nā hana keaka ma Vienna.

Ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo Krips kekahi o nā unuhi ʻōlelo maikaʻi loa o ka honua no Mozart. ʻO kāna mau hana ma Vienna o nā keaka ʻo Don Giovanni, The Abduction from the Seraglio, The Marriage of Figaro, a me kāna mau hoʻopaʻa ʻana i nā keaka a me nā symphonies a Mozart e hōʻoiaʻiʻo iā mākou i ka pono o kēia manaʻo. ʻAʻohe wahi koʻikoʻi o kāna repertoire i noho ʻia e Bruckner, kahi mau symphonies āna i hana ai no ka manawa mua ma waho o Austria. Akā i ka manawa like, ākea loa kāna repertoire a uhi ʻia nā ʻano a me nā ʻano like ʻole - mai Bach a i nā haku mele o kēia wā.

L. Grigoriev, J. Platek, 1969