John Field (Kihapai) |

John Field

ʻOiai ʻaʻole wau i lohe pinepine iā ia, hoʻomanaʻo mau wau i kāna pāʻani ikaika, palupalu a ʻokoʻa. Me he mea lā ʻaʻole ʻo ia ka mea nāna i hahau i nā kī, akā, hāʻule iho nā manamana lima ma luna o lākou, me he kulu nui lā o ka ua, a helelei ʻia e like me nā momi ma luna o ka veveveti. M. Glinka

ʻO ka mea haku mele Irish kaulana, ka mea hoʻokani piano a me ke kumu aʻo ʻo J. Field i hoʻopili i kona hopena me ka moʻomeheu mele Lūkini a ua hana nui i kona hoʻomohala ʻana. Ua hānau ʻia ʻo Field i loko o ka ʻohana mele. Ua loaʻa iā ia kāna hoʻonaʻauao mele mua mai ka mea hīmeni, harpsichordist a me ka haku mele ʻo T. Giordani. I ka ʻumi o kona mau makahiki, ua kamaʻilio ākea kekahi keikikāne akamai no ka manawa mua o kona ola. Ma hope o kona neʻe ʻana i Lādana (1792), ua lilo ʻo ia i haumāna na M. Clementi, he mea hoʻokani piano a haku mele, a ma ia manawa ua lilo ʻo ia i mea hana piano ʻoihana. I ka wā o Lādana o kona ola ʻana, ua hōʻike ʻo Field i nā mea kani i loko o kahi hale kūʻai nona ʻo Clementi, hoʻomaka e hāʻawi i nā ʻahamele, a hele pū me kāna kumu i nā huakaʻi i waho. I ka makahiki 1799, hoʻokani ʻo Field no ka manawa mua i kāna Concerto Piano Mua, kahi i kaulana ai ʻo ia. I kēlā mau makahiki, ua mālama maikaʻi ʻia kāna mau hana ma Lākana, Paris, Vienna. I loko o kahi leka i ka mea hoʻopuka mele a me ka mea hana ʻo I. Pleyel, ua ʻōlelo ʻo Clementi iā Field ma ke ʻano he akamai hoʻohiki i lilo i mea punahele i ka lehulehu ma kona ʻāina hānau ma muli o kāna mau haku mele a me nā mākaukau hana.

ʻO 1802 ka mea nui loa i ke ola o Field: me kāna kumu, hele mai ʻo ia i Rusia. Ma St. Petersburg, hoʻolaha ka mea hoʻokani pila, me kāna hoʻokani nani, i ka pono o nā pianos Clementi, hana me ka lanakila nui ma nā salon aristocratic, a kamaʻāina me nā kiʻi mele Lūkini. Me ka liʻiliʻi, hoʻomohala ʻo ia i ka makemake e noho mau i Rusia. ʻO kahi kuleana nui i kēia hoʻoholo i hoʻokani ʻia e ka ʻoiaʻiʻo ua hoʻokipa maikaʻi ʻia ʻo ia e ka lehulehu Lūkini.

Hoʻopili ʻia ke ola o Field ma Rūsia me ʻelua kūlanakauhale – St. Petersburg a me Moscow. Ma ʻaneʻi i wehe ʻia ai kāna hana haku mele, hoʻokani a hoʻonaʻauao. ʻO Field ka mea kākau o 7 piano concerto, 4 sonatas, ma kahi o 20 mau pō, nā pōʻai hoʻololi (me nā kumuhana Lūkini), nā polonaises no ka piano. Ua kākau pū ka mea haku mele i nā Arias a me nā Romances, 2 divertissement no ka piano a me nā mea kani, he quintet piano.

Ua lilo ʻo Field i mea hoʻokumu i kahi ʻano mele hou - ʻo ka nocturne, a laila loaʻa i kahi hoʻomohala maikaʻi i ka hana a F. Chopin, a me kekahi mau mea haku mele. ʻO nā hana hoʻomohala a Field ma kēia wahi, ua mahalo nui ʻia kāna hana hou e F. Liszt: “Ma mua o Field, pono ʻole nā ​​hana piano e sonatas, rondos, etc. Ua hoʻolauna ʻo Field i kahi ʻano ʻaʻole i pili i kekahi o kēia mau ʻano, he ʻano, i loko o ka manaʻo a me ke mele i loaʻa ka mana kiʻekiʻe a neʻe kūʻokoʻa, ʻaʻole i hoʻopaʻa ʻia e nā kaulahao o nā ʻano ʻino. Ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻo ia i ke ala no kēlā mau mele a pau i puka ma lalo o ke poʻo inoa ʻo "Songs without Words", "Impromptu", "Ballads", etc., a ʻo ia ke kupuna o kēia mau keaka, i manaʻo ʻia e hōʻike i nā ʻike o loko a pilikino. Ua wehe ʻo ia i kēia mau wahi, kahi i hāʻawi ai i ka noʻonoʻo i ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma mua o ka hanohano, no ka hoʻoikaika ʻana ma mua o ka lyrical, e like me ka mea hou e like me ke kahua hanohano.

Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ke ʻano haku mele a me ka hoʻokani ʻana o Field e ka melodiousness a me ka hōʻike ʻana o ke kani, lyricism a me ke aloha aloha, improvisation a me ka maʻalahi. ʻO ka hīmeni ʻana ma ka piano – kekahi o nā hiʻohiʻona koʻikoʻi o ke ʻano hoʻokani o Field – he mea hoihoi loa ia no Glinka a me nā mea hoʻokani pila a me nā mea hoʻokani pila koʻikoʻi ʻo Rūsia. Ua like ka leo o Field me ke mele poʻe Lūkini. Ua kākau ʻo Glinka, i ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana i ke ʻano pāʻani o Field me nā mea hoʻokani piano kaulana ʻē aʻe, ua kākau ʻo ia ma Zapiski "Ua wiwo ʻole ka pāʻani ʻana o Field, a me nā ʻano like ʻole, akā ʻaʻole ʻo ia i hōʻino i ke kiʻi me ka quackery a ʻaʻole i ʻoki me kona mau manamana lima. ʻoki ʻokie like me ka hapa nui o nā mea ʻona hou loa.

He mea koʻikoʻi ka haʻawina a Field i ka hoʻonaʻauao ʻana i nā piano piano ʻōpio, nā ʻoihana a me nā amateurs. Nui loa kāna mau hana aʻo. He kumu i makemake ʻia a mahalo ʻia ʻo Field ma nā ʻohana hanohano. Ua aʻo ʻo ia i nā mea mele kaulana ma hope e like me A. Verstovsky, A. Gurilev, A. Dubuc, Ant. Kontsky. Ua lawe ʻo Glinka i kekahi mau haʻawina mai Field. Ua aʻo pū ʻo V. Odoevsky me ia. I ka hapa mua o nā makahiki 30. Ua hana ʻo Field i kahi huakaʻi nui ma ʻEnelani, Farani, Austria, Belgium, Switzerland, Italia, mahalo nui ʻia e nā loiloi a me ka lehulehu. I ka hopena o 1836, ua mālama ʻia ka ʻaha mele hope loa ma Moscow, a ua make koke ka mea hoʻokani pila.

Aia ka inoa a me kāna hana i kahi hanohano a mahalo ʻia i ka mōʻaukala mele Lūkini. ʻO kāna haku mele, hana a me ka hana aʻoaʻo i kōkua i ka hoʻokumu ʻana a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka piano piano, ua paʻa i ke ala no ka puka ʻana mai o kekahi mau mea hoʻokani a me nā haku mele Lūkini.

A. Nazarov