Dutar: wehewehe o ka mea kani, haku mele, kani, mōʻaukala, hoʻohana

ʻO ka poʻe aloha mele mele i ka pūnāwai o 2019 i ʻākoakoa no ka manawa mua ma ka First International Music Festival of the Arts of Folk Storytellers ma ke kūlanakauhale ʻo Uzbek o Termez. ʻO nā mea hoʻokani pila (bakhshi), nā mele, nā mea haʻi moʻolelo i hoʻokūkū i ka hana hana o nā epos folk oriental, e hele pū ana me lākou iho ma ka dutar.

Device

ʻO ka mea kani kani ʻia ʻo dutar ka mea laha loa a aloha ʻia e nā poʻe o Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan a me Tajikistan. Ua like ia me ka lute.

ʻAʻole i ʻoi aku ka mānoanoa o kahi papa kani pear i ʻoi aku ma mua o 3 millimeters, komo i loko o ka ʻāʻī me ka manamana lima. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ka mea hana ma kahi o 1150-1300 mm. Loaʻa iā ia he 3-17 puʻupuʻu ikaika a me ʻelua mau kaula - siliki a i ʻole ʻōpū.

Soundboard - ka mea nui loa o ka mea kani, i hana ʻia me ka lāʻau mulberry. Ke ʻike nei i nā haʻalulu o nā kaula, e hoʻouna iā lākou i ka resonator ea, e hoʻolōʻihi i ke kani a piha. ʻOkoʻa ke ʻano o ka ʻulaʻula liʻiliʻi o ka dutar ma muli o kahi i ulu ai ka silkworm: ma nā mauna, nā māla a i ʻole kokoke i kahi kahawai ʻino.

ʻOi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ke kani o nā mea kani o kēia wā ma mua o nā laʻana kahiko, ma muli o ke pani ʻia ʻana o nā kaula maoli me nā metala, nylon a i ʻole nā ​​kaula nylon. Mai ka waena o 30s o ke kenekulia XNUMX, ua lilo ka dutar i ʻāpana o ka Uzbek, Tajik a me Turkmen orchestras o nā mea kani.

mō'aukala

Ma waena o nā ʻike archaeological o ke kūlanakauhale Peresia kahiko o Mary, ua loaʻa kahi kiʻi o kahi "bakhshi auwana". Hoʻomaka ia i ka makahiki XNUMXth, a i loko o kahi manuscript kahiko aia kahi kiʻi o kahi kaikamahine e pāʻani ana i ka dutar.

ʻAʻohe ʻike liʻiliʻi, ʻo ka mea nui, ua lawe ʻia lākou mai nā kaʻao hikina - dastans, ʻo ia ka hoʻoili ʻana i nā moʻolelo o nā moʻolelo a i ʻole nā ​​​​moʻolelo heroic. ʻO nā hanana i loko o ia mau mea i hoʻonuiʻia, ua kūpono nā hiʻohiʻona.

ʻAʻole hiki i kahi hoʻomaha hoʻokahi a i ʻole hanana nui ke hana me ka ʻole o ka bakhshi, kāna mele a me ke kani aloha o ka dutar.

Mai ka wā kahiko, ʻaʻole wale nā ​​​​bakhshis i nā mea pena kiʻi, akā nā mea kilokilo a me nā mea ho'ōla. Manaʻo ʻia ʻo ke akamai virtuoso o ka mea hoʻokani e pili ana i kona hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana i ka trance.

E ho ohana

Mahalo i kona leo kupanaha, noho ʻo dutar i kekahi o nā wahi hanohano mua i nā moʻomeheu moʻomeheu o nā poʻe o Central Asia. He ʻokoʻa ka repertoire - mai nā pāʻani liʻiliʻi i kēlā me kēia lā a hiki i nā dastans nui. Hoʻohana ʻia ʻo ia ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻokani hoʻokahi, hui a hīmeni. Hoʻokani ʻia e nā mea hoʻokani pila ʻoihana a me nā mea hoʻokani pila. Eia kekahi, ua ʻae ʻia nā kāne a me nā wahine e pāʻani.