Sergei Sergeevich Prokofiev |

Sergei Prokofiev

ʻO ka pōmaikaʻi koʻikoʻi (a i ʻole, inā makemake ʻoe, hemahema) o koʻu ola, ʻo ia ka ʻimi ʻana i kahi ʻōlelo kumu, kaʻu ʻōlelo mele ponoʻī. Ke inaina nei au i ka hoohalike, inaina au i ka cliches...

Hiki iā ʻoe ke lōʻihi e like me kou makemake ma waho, akā pono ʻoe e hoʻi i kou ʻāina i kēlā me kēia manawa no ka ʻuhane Lūkini maoli. S. Prokofiev

Ua hala nā makahiki kamaliʻi o ka mea haku mele e hiki mai ana ma kahi ʻohana mele. He mea hookani piano maikai kona makuahine, a o ke keiki e hiamoe ana, lohe pinepine i na leo o na sonata a L. Beethoven e hele mai ana mai kahi mamao aku, he mau keena kaawale. I ka makahiki 5 o Seryozha, ua haku ʻo ia i kāna ʻāpana mua no ka piano. I ka makahiki 1902, ua kamaʻāina ʻo S. Taneyev i nā ʻike haku mele a kāna mau keiki, a ma kāna ʻōlelo aʻo, ua hoʻomaka ʻia nā haʻawina haku mele me R. Gliere. Ma 1904-14 Prokofiev i aʻo ma St. Petersburg Conservatory me N. Rimsky-Korsakov (mea hoʻokani), J. Vitols (keʻano mele), A. Lyadov (composition), A. Esipova (piano).

I ka hoʻokolokolo hope loa, ua hana maikaʻi ʻo Prokofiev i kāna Concerto Mua, kahi i loaʻa ai iā ia ka makana. A. Rubinstein. ʻO ka mea haku mele ʻōpio e ʻoliʻoli i nā ʻano hou o ke mele a ʻike koke i kona ala ponoʻī ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻokani pila. 'Ōleloʻo Prokofiev ma keʻano he piano, ua hoʻokomo pinepineʻo Prokofiev i kāna mau hana pono'ī i kāna mau papahana, kahi i hoʻoulu ai i ka hopena ikaika mai ka poʻe hālāwai.

I ka makahiki 1918, ua haʻalele ʻo Prokofiev i ʻAmelika, e hoʻomaka ana i kahi huakaʻi i nā ʻāina ʻē - Farani, Kelemānia, ʻEnelani, Italia, Sepania. I ka ho'āʻoʻana e lanakila ma luna o ka lehulehu o ka honua, hāʻawi nuiʻo ia i nā'ahamele, kākau i nā hana nui - nā opera The Love for Three Oranges (1919), The Fiery Angel (1927); nā ballets Steel Leap (1925, hoʻoulu ʻia e nā hanana kipi ma Rusia), The Prodigal Son (1928), On the Dnieper (1930); mea kani.

I ka hoʻomaka ʻana o 1927 a i ka hopena o 1929, ua hana ʻo Prokofiev me ka lanakila nui ma ka Soviet Union. I ka makahiki 1927, mālama 'ia kāna 'aha mele ma Moscow, Leningrad, Kharkov, Kyiv a me Odessa. "ʻO ka hoʻokipa a Moscow i hāʻawi mai iaʻu he mea maʻamau. ... Ua ʻoi aku ka wela o ka hoʻokipa ma Leningrad ma mua o Moscow, "i kākau ai ka mea haku mele ma kāna Autobiography. I ka hopena o 1932, ua ho'oholo'o Prokofiev e ho'i i kona'āina hānau.

Mai ka waena o 30s. ʻO ka hoʻokumu ʻana o Prokofiev i kona kiʻekiʻe. Hana ʻo ia i kekahi o kāna mau haku mele - ka ballet "Romeo and Juliet" ma hope o W. Shakespeare (1936); ka lyric-comic opera Betrothal in a Monastery (The Duenna, after R. Sheridan – 1940); cantatas "Alexander Nevsky" (1939) a me "Toast" (1939); he moʻolelo moʻolelo symphonic i kāna kikokikona ponoʻī ʻo "Peter and the Wolf" me nā mea kani (1936); Sonata Piano ʻeono (1940); ka pōʻai o nā ʻāpana piano “Ka Mele a nā keiki” (1935).

I ka 30-40s. Hoʻokaniʻia nā mele a Prokofiev e nā mea hoʻokani Soviet maikaʻi loa: N. Golovanov, E. Gilels, B. Sofronitsky, S. Richter, D. Oistrakh. ʻO ka mea kiʻekiʻe loa o ka Soviet choreography ke kiʻi o Juliet, i hana ʻia e G. Ulanova. I ke kauwela o 1941, ma kahi dacha kokoke i Moscow, ua pena ʻia ʻo Prokofiev e ka Leningrad Opera and Ballet Theatre. ʻO SM Kirov ballet-moʻolelo "Cinderella". ʻO ka nūhou o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke kaua me Kelemania fascist a me nā hanana pōʻino ma hope mai i hoʻokumu ʻia i kahi ala hou o ka haku mele. Hoʻokumu ʻo ia i kahi opera epic heroic-patriotic nui "War and Peace" e pili ana i ka moʻolelo a L. Tolstoy (1943), a hana pū me ke alakaʻi ʻo S. Eisenstein ma ke kiʻiʻoniʻoni mōʻaukala "Ivan the Terrible" (1942). ʻO nā kiʻi hoʻohaunaele, ka noʻonoʻo ʻana i nā hanana pūʻali koa, a i ka manawa like, ʻo ka manaʻo ikaika a me ka ikaika ke ʻano o ke mele o ka Seventh Piano Sonata (1942). Loaʻa ka hilinaʻi hanohano ma ka Fifth Symphony (1944), kahi i makemake ai ka mea haku mele e "mele i ke kanaka kūʻokoʻa a hauʻoli, kona ikaika nui, kona hanohano, kona maʻemaʻe ʻuhane."

I ka wā ma hope o ke kaua, ʻoiai he maʻi koʻikoʻi, ua hana ʻo Prokofiev i nā hana koʻikoʻi: ʻo ke ono (1947) a me ka ʻehiku (1952) symphonies, ʻo ka Ninth Piano Sonata (1947), kahi paʻi hou o ka opera War and Peace (1952). , ka Cello Sonata (1949) a me ka Symphony Concerto no cello and orchestra (1952). Ma hope o 40s-mamua 50s. ua uhi ʻia e nā hoʻolaha walaʻau e kūʻē i ke kuhikuhi "anti-national formalist" i ke kiʻi Soviet, ka hoʻomāinoino ʻana i ka nui o kāna mau ʻelele maikaʻi loa. Ua lilo ʻo Prokofiev i kekahi o nā mea hoʻokumu nui i ke mele. ʻO ka hōʻino ʻana o ka lehulehu i kāna mele i ka makahiki 1948 i ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ke olakino o ka haku mele.

Ua hoʻohana ʻo Prokofiev i nā makahiki hope o kona ola ʻana ma kahi dacha ma ke kauhale o Nikolina Gora ma waena o ke ʻano Lūkini āna i aloha ai, hoʻomau ʻo ia i ka haku mele mau ʻana, me ka hōʻole ʻana i nā pāpā o nā kauka. ʻO nā kūlana paʻakikī o ke ola kekahi i hoʻopili i ka noʻonoʻo. Me nā haku hana maoli, i waena o nā hana o nā makahiki i hala iho nei aia nā hana o kahi "manaʻo maʻalahi" - ka overture "Hui o ka Volga me ka Don" (1951), ka oratorio "On Guard of the World" (1950), ka suite "Winter Bonfire" (1950), kekahi mau ʻaoʻao o ka ballet "Tale about a stone flower" (1950), Seventh Symphony. Ua make ʻo Prokofiev i ka lā hoʻokahi me Stalin, a ʻo ka haʻalele ʻana i ka haku mele Lūkini nui ma kāna huakaʻi hope i uhi ʻia e ka hauʻoli kaulana e pili ana i ka hoʻolewa o ke alakaʻi nui o nā lāhui.

ʻO ke ʻano o Prokofiev, nona ka hana i uhi ʻia i ka 4 a me ka hapa mau makahiki o ka turbulent XNUMXth century, ua loaʻa i kahi evolution nui loa. Ua wehe ʻo Prokofiev i ke ala no ka mele hou o ko mākou kenekulia, me nā mea hou ʻē aʻe o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke kenekulia - C. Debussy. B. Bartok, A. Scriabin, I. Stravinsky, nā haku mele o ke kula Novovensk. Ua komo ʻo ia i ka hana kiʻi ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻokahuli wiwo ʻole i nā canons i hoʻopau ʻia o nā kiʻi Romantic hope loa me kona maʻalahi. Ma kahi ala kūikawā e hoʻomohala ana i nā kuʻuna o M. Mussorgsky, A. Borodin, Prokofiev i lawe mai i loko o ka mele unbridled ikehu, onslaught, dynamism, freshness o primordial pūʻali, i ʻike ʻia he "barbarism" ("Obsession" a me Toccata no ka piano, "Sarcasms"; symphonic "Scythian Suite" e like me ka ballet "Ala a me Lolly"; ʻO ka Piano Concertos mua a me ka lua). Hoʻokani ka mele a Prokofiev i nā mea hou o nā mea hoʻokani pila Lūkini, nā haku mele, nā mea pena, nā mea hana keaka. "Ke pāʻani nei ʻo Sergey Sergeevich i nā aʻalolo palupalu loa o Vladimir Vladimirovich," wahi a V. Mayakovsky e pili ana i kekahi o nā hana a Prokofiev. ʻO ke kiʻi ʻana a me ka juicy Russian-village figurativeness ma o ka prism of exquisite aesthetics kahi ʻano o ka ballet "The Tale of the Jester Who Cheated on Seven Jesters" (e pili ana i nā moʻolelo moʻolelo mai ka hōʻiliʻili a A. Afanasyev). Comparatively rare i ia manawa lyricism; ma Prokofiev, ʻaʻohe ona naʻau a me ka noʻonoʻo - he hilahila, akahai, palupalu ("Fleeting", "Tales of an Old Grandmother" no ka piano).

ʻO ka'ōlinolino, keʻano likeʻole, ka hoʻonuiʻana i ka'ōlelo maʻamau i keʻano o nā makahiki heʻumikumamālima haole. ʻO kēia ka opera "Love for Three Oranges", e paʻi ana me ka hauʻoli, me ka hoihoi, e pili ana i ka moʻolelo moʻolelo a K. Gozzi ("he aniani o ka champagne", e like me A. Lunacharsky); ʻO ka Concerto ʻEkolu maikaʻi me kona ikaika ikaika, i hoʻokuʻu ʻia e ka leo paipu maikaʻi o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka hapa 1, ʻo ke mele mele o kekahi o nā ʻano like ʻole o ka ʻāpana ʻelua (2-1917); ka hoʻopaʻapaʻa o nā manaʻo ikaika ma "The Fiery Angel" (e pili ana i ka moʻolelo a V. Bryusov); ka mana koa a me ka laulā o ka Second Symphony (21); "Cubist" urbanism o "Steel lope"; lyrical introspection of “Thoughts” (1924) and “Things in themselves” (1934) no ka piano. Kaila manawa 1928-30s. hōʻailona ʻia e ka naʻauao kaohi ʻana i loko o ke oʻo, hui pū ʻia me ka hohonu a me ka ʻāina ʻāina o nā manaʻo noʻeau. Hoʻoikaika ka mea haku mele i nā manaʻo a me nā kumuhana kanaka āpau, e hoʻonui i nā kiʻi o ka mōʻaukala, nā hiʻohiʻona mele ʻālohilohi, ʻoiaʻiʻo. Ua hoʻonui nui ʻia kēia laina o ka noʻonoʻo i nā makahiki 40. e pili ana i nā pilikia i loaʻa i ka poʻe Soviet i nā makahiki kaua. ʻO ka hōʻike ʻana i nā waiwai o ka ʻuhane o ke kanaka, ua lilo nā mea hohonu hohonu i ka manaʻo nui o Prokofiev: "Ke manaʻoʻiʻo nei au ua kāhea ʻia ka mea haku mele, e like me ka haku mele, ka mea kālai, ka mea pena, e lawelawe i ke kanaka a me nā kānaka. Pono ia e hīmeni i ke ola kanaka a alakaʻi i ke kanaka i ka wā e hiki mai ana. ʻO ia, mai koʻu manaʻo, ʻo ia ke code hiki ʻole o ke kiʻi.

Ua haʻalele ʻo Prokofiev i kahi hoʻoilina hoʻoilina nui - 8 opera; 7 ballet; 7 symphonies; 9 sonata piano; 5 concerto piano (no ka lima hema ka Eha); 2 violin, 2 cello concerto (Second – Symphony-concert); 6 cantatas; oratorio; 2 leo a me ka symphonic suites; nā ʻāpana piano he nui; nā ʻāpana no ka orchestra (me ka Russian Overture, Symphonic Song, Ode to the End of the War, 2 Pushkin Waltzes); nā hana keʻena (Overture ma nā kumuhana Iudaio no clarinet, piano a me string quartet; Quintet no ka oboe, clarinet, violin, viola a me pālua; 2 string quartets; 2 sonata no ka violin a me ka piano; Sonata no cello a me ka piano; he helu o nā haku mele. no nā hua'ōlelo A. Akhmatova, K. Balmont, A. Pushkin, N. Agnivtsev a me nā mea'ē aʻe).

Ua loaʻa i ka Creativity Prokofiev ka ʻike honua. Aia ka waiwai mau o kāna mele i kona lokomaikaʻi a me kona lokomaikaʻi, i kona kūpaʻa ʻana i nā manaʻo kiʻekiʻe o ke kanaka, i ka waiwai o ka hōʻike noʻeau o kāna mau hana.

Y. Kholopov

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