Vladimir Alexandrovich Dranishnikov |
ʻO Vladimir Dranishnikov
Mea Hanohano o ka RSFSR (1933). I ka makahiki 1909, ua puka 'o ia mai na papa regency o ka Aha Hookolokolo Singing Chapel me ka inoa o ka regent, ma 1916 ka St. Petersburg Conservatory, kahi i a'o ai me AK Esipova (piano), AK Lyadov, MO Steinberg, J. Vitol, VP (conducting). ). I ka makahiki 1914, ua hoʻomaka ʻo ia e hana ma ke ʻano he pianist-accompanist ma ke Keaka Mariinsky. Mai 1918 conductor, mai 1925 alakaʻi alakaʻi a me ke poʻo o ka māhele mele o kēia hale keaka.
ʻO Dranishnikov kahi alakaʻi opera koʻikoʻi. ʻO ka hōʻike hohonu o ka hoʻokani mele o ka hana opera, ke ʻano maʻalahi o ke kahua, ka hana hou a me ka hou o ka wehewehe ʻana i hui pū ʻia i loko ona me kahi ʻano kūpono o ke kaulike ma waena o nā kumu leo a me nā mea kani, nā mele mele - me ka waiwai nui o ka cantilena. o ke kani hoolele.
Ma lalo o ke alakaʻi ʻana a Dranishnikov, ua hoʻokani ʻia nā keaka mele ma ka Mariinsky Theatre (me Boris Godunov, ma ka mana o ka mea kākau na MP Mussorgsky, 1928; The Queen of Spades, 1935, a me nā keaka ʻē aʻe na PI Tchaikovsky; "Wilhelm Tell", 1932; "Troubadour", 1933), nā hana a Soviet ("Eagle Revolt" Pashchenko, 1925; "Love for Three Oranges" Prokofiev, 1926; "Flame of Paris" Asafiev, 1932) a me nā haku haku mele o Western European ("Distant Ringing" na Schreker. , 1925; "Wozzeck" na Berg, 1927).
Mai ka makahiki 1936, ua lilo ʻo Dranishnikov i alakaʻi noʻeau a me ke alakaʻi alakaʻi o ka Kyiv Opera Theatre; alakaʻi ʻia nā huahana o Lysenko's Tapac Bulba (ka paʻi hou e BN Lyatoshinsky, 1937), Lyatoshinsky's Shchorc (1938), Meitus 'Perekop, Rybalchenko, Tica (1939). Ua hana ʻo ia ma ke ʻano he conductor symphony a me ka piano (ma USSR a ma waho).
Ka mea kākau o nā ʻatikala, nā hana mele ("Symphonic etude" no ka piano me ka orc., vocals, etc.) a me nā unuhi. Ua hoʻolaʻa ʻo MF Rylsky i ka sonnet "The Death of a Hero" i ka hoʻomanaʻo ʻana iā Dranishnikov.
Nā haku mele: ʻOpera "Love for Three Oranges". No ka hana ʻana i ka opera e S. Prokofiev, ma: Aloha no ʻekolu ʻalani, L., 1926; Modern Symphony Orchestra, ma: Modern Instrumentalism, L., 1927; Mea Hanohano EB Wolf-Israel. I ka 40 makahiki o kāna hana noʻeau, L., 1934; ʻO ke mele mele o The Queen of Spades, ma ka hōʻiliʻili: The Queen of Spades. ʻOpera na PI Tchaikovsky, L., 1935.
He mea pena kiʻi kiʻi nui a me ke ʻano ikaika, he mea hou wiwo ʻole, he mea ʻike i nā ʻike hou i ka hale kiʻiʻoniʻoni mele - ʻo ia ke ʻano o Dranishnikov i komo ai i kā mākou hana. ʻO ia kekahi o nā mea hana mua o ka Soviet opera theater, kekahi o nā alakaʻi alakaʻi mua nona ka hana i ko mākou manawa.
Ua hoʻomaka ʻo Dranishnikov i kāna podium ma ka podium ʻoiai he haumāna ia i nā ʻaha mele kauwela ma Pavlovsk. I ka makahiki 1918, ua puka maikaʻi ʻo ia mai ka Petrograd Conservatory ma ke ʻano he alakaʻi (me N. Cherepnin), ka mea hoʻokani piano a me ka haku mele, ua hoʻomaka ʻo ia e alakaʻi ma ka Mariinsky Theatre, kahi āna i hana ai ma mua ma ke ʻano he accompanist. Mai ia manawa, nui nā ʻaoʻao ʻālohilohi i ka mōʻaukala o kēia pūʻulu i pili me ka inoa ʻo Dranishnikov, ka mea i 1925 i lilo i alakaʻi alakaʻi. Hoʻokomo ʻo ia i nā alakaʻi maikaʻi loa e hana, hoʻomaikaʻi i ka repertoire. ʻO nā ʻāpana a pau o ka hale keaka mele ma lalo o kāna kālena. ʻO nā hana punahele a Dranishnikov, ʻo ia nā opera na Glinka, Borodin, Mussorgsky, a me Tchaikovsky hoʻi (ua hoʻokani ʻo ia i ka Queen of Spades, Iolanta, a me Mazeppa, he opera, ma kāna ʻōlelo a Asafiev, "ua ʻike hou ʻo ia, e hōʻike ana i ka ʻuhane a me ka huhū o kēia ʻuhane, mele ʻoluʻolu, kona ʻano ʻano wiwo ʻole, kāna mele haʻahaʻa a me kāna mele wahine"). Ua huli pū ʻo Dranishnikov i nā mele kahiko ("The Water Carrier" na Cherubini, "Wilhelm Tell" na Rossini), hoʻoikaika ʻo Wagner ("Gold of the Rhine", "Death of the Gods", "Tannhäuser", "Meistersingers"), Verdi (“Il trovatore”, “La Traviata”, “Othello”), Wiese (“Carmen”). Akā, ua hana ʻo ia me ka hoihoi nui i nā hana o kēia wā, no ka manawa mua e hōʻike ana i ka Leningraders Strauss's The Rosenkavalier, Prokofiev's Love for Three Oranges, Schreker's The Distant Ringing, Pashchenko's Eagle's Revolt, and Deshevov's Ice and Steel. ʻO ka hope loa, ua lawe ʻo ia i ka papa ballet mai ka lima o Drigo ʻelemakule, e hoʻonui ana i ka Egyptian Nights, Chopiniana, Giselle, Carnival, e hoʻokani ana i ka The Flames of Paris. ʻO ia ka laulā o ka hana a kēia mea pena.
E hoʻohui mākou ua hana mau ʻo Dranishnikov i nā ʻaha mele, kahi i lanakila nui ai ʻo ia ma Berlioz's Damnation of Faust, Tchaikovsky's First Symphony, Prokofiev's Scythian Suite, a me nā hana a ka French Impressionists. A ʻo kēlā me kēia hana, ʻo kēlā me kēia ʻahamele i alakaʻi ʻia e Dranishnikov i hana ʻia i loko o kahi lewa hauʻoli, e hui pū ana me nā hanana koʻikoʻi koʻikoʻi. Hiki i nā mea hoʻohewa i kekahi manawa ke "hopu" iā ia ma nā hewa liʻiliʻi, aia nā ahiahi i manaʻo ʻole ai ka mea pena i ke ʻano, akā ʻaʻole hiki i kekahi ke hōʻole i kāna talena i ka mana pio.
Ua kākau ʻo Academician B. Asafiev, ka mea i mahalo nui i ke ʻano o Dranishnikov: "ʻO kāna mau alakaʻi ʻana he "kūʻē i ke au", kūʻē i ka narrowly scholastic professional pedantry. ʻO ka mea mua, he mea hoʻokani pila, harmoniously gifted, nona ka pepeiao i loko, i ʻae iā ia e lohe i ka helu ma mua o ke kani ʻana i ka orchestra, ua hele ʻo Dranishnikov i kāna hana mai ke mele i ke alakaʻi ʻana, ʻaʻole ia. Ua hoʻomohala ʻo ia i kahi ʻenehana maʻalahi, kumu, i hoʻopili piha ʻia i nā hoʻolālā, nā manaʻo a me nā manaʻo, ʻaʻole wale i kahi ʻenehana o nā hana plastik, ʻo ka hapa nui o ia mau mea i manaʻo ʻia no ka mahalo o ka lehulehu.
ʻO Dranishnikov, ka mea i hopohopo nui e pili ana i nā pilikia o ke mele ma ke ʻano he kamaʻilio ola, ʻo ia hoʻi, ʻo ka mea mua, ke ʻano o ka intonation, kahi e lawe ai ka mana o ka haʻi ʻana, articulation, i ke ʻano o kēia mele a hoʻololi i ke kani kino i kahi. mea lawe manaʻo - ʻimi ʻo Dranishnikov e hana i ka lima o ke alakaʻi - kahi ʻenehana alakaʻi - e hana malleable a maʻalahi, e like me nā ʻāpana o ka ʻōlelo kanaka, i kani ai ke mele i ka hana ma ke ʻano he leo ola, hoʻoulu ʻia me ka wela o ka naʻau, kahi leo. ʻo ia ka hōʻike ʻoiaʻiʻo i ke ʻano. Aia kēia mau manaʻo i ka mokulele hoʻokahi me nā manaʻo o nā mea hana nui o nā kiʻi maoli maoli…
… ʻO ka maʻalahi o kāna "lima ʻōlelo" he mea kupaianaha, ʻo ka ʻōlelo o ke mele, kona ʻano semantic i loaʻa iā ia ma o nā ʻano loea a me nā ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo. ʻAʻole hoʻokahi leo i waho i ka manaʻo nui o ka hana a ʻaʻohe kani hoʻokahi mai ke kiʻi, mai ka hōʻike kiʻi paʻa o nā manaʻo a ma waho o ka leo ola - ʻo ia ke ala e hiki ai i kekahi ke hoʻokumu i ka manaʻo o Dranishnikov ka mea unuhi. .
ʻO ka manaʻo maikaʻi ma ke ʻano, ʻimi ʻo ia i ke mele, ʻo ka mea mua, ʻo ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i ke ola - a no laila ʻo nā hana ʻino loa, ʻoiai nā hana i ʻona ʻia e ka manaʻo kānalua, hoʻomaka e kani me he mea lā ua hoʻopā wale ke aka o ka manaʻolana iā lākou, "akā i ka ʻO ke kumu o ke aloha mau loa o ke ola e hīmeni mau ana e pili ana iā ia iho”… Ua hoʻohana ʻo Dranishnikov i kāna mau makahiki hope ma Kyiv, kahi mai 1936 i alakaʻi ai ʻo ia i ka Opera and Ballet Theatre. Shevchenko. Ma waena o kāna mau hana i hana ʻia ma ʻaneʻi, ʻo ia nā hana o "Taras Bulba" na Lysenko, "Shchors" na Lyatoshinsky, "Perekop" na Meitus, Rybalchenko a me Titsa. Loaʻa ka make ʻole iā Dranishnikov ma ka hana - ma hope koke o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka opera hope loa.
L. Grigoriev, J. Platek, 1969.
