Luigi Kerubini |

Luigi Kerubini

I ka makahiki 1818, ua pane ʻo L. Beethoven i ka nīnau o ka mea haku mele nui loa (koe ʻo Beethoven iā ia iho), i ʻōlelo ʻia: "Cherubini." ʻO "kanaka koʻikoʻi" i kapa ʻia ʻo ka Italia maestro G. Verdi. Ua mahalo ʻia nā hana a Cherubiniev e R. Schumann a me R. Wagner. He manaʻo ikaika ʻo Brahms i ka mele a Cherubini, i kapa ʻia ʻo ka opera "Medea" "he hana nani", kahi i hopu ʻia ʻo ia. Ua hāʻawiʻiaʻo ia e F. Liszt a me G. Berlioz - nā mea pena kiʻi nui, akā naʻe,ʻaʻole i loaʻa ka pilina pilikino maikaʻi loa me Cherubini: ʻAʻole iʻaeʻo Cherubini (ma keʻano he alakaʻi) i ka mea mua (ma keʻano he haole) e aʻo ma Paris. Conservatory, ʻoiai ua ʻae ʻo ia i ka lua o kona mau paia, akā makemake ʻole ʻo ia.

Ua loaʻa iā Cherubini kāna hoʻonaʻauao mele mua ma lalo o ke alakaʻi a kona makuakāne, ʻo Bartolomeo Cherubini, a me B. a me A. Felici, P. Bizzari, J. Castrucci. Ua hoʻomau ʻo Cherubini i kāna aʻo ʻana ma Bologna me G. Sarti, ka mea haku mele kaulana loa, kumu, a me ka mea kākau o nā hana mele a me nā manaʻo. Ma ke kamaʻilio ʻana me kahi mea pena kiʻi maikaʻi, hoʻomaopopo ka haku mele ʻōpio i ke kiʻi paʻakikī o ka counterpoint (polyphonic polyphonic writing). Hoʻomaʻamaʻa mālie a hoʻomaʻamaʻa maikaʻi ʻia, komo ʻo ia i ka hana ola: haku ʻo ia i nā ʻano hale pule o ka mass, litany, motet, a me nā ʻano honua hanohano loa o ka aristocratic opera-seria a me ka opera-buffa i hoʻohana nui ʻia ma ka kahua opera kūlanakauhale a me ke kahua. Ke hele mai nei nā kauoha mai nā kūlanakauhale ʻo Italia (Livorno, Florence, Roma, Venice. Mantua, Turin), mai Lākana - ma ʻaneʻi ʻo Cherubini ka mea haku mele ma 1784-86. Ua loaʻa i ke talena o ka mea hoʻokani pila ka ʻike nui ʻana o ʻEulopa ma Paris, kahi i noho ai ʻo Cherubini i ka makahiki 1788.

ʻO kona ola holoʻokoʻa a me kona ala hana e pili ana me Farani. He kanaka koʻikoʻi ʻo Cherubini i ka French Revolution, ʻo ka hānau ʻana o ka Paris Conservatory (1795) pili me kona inoa. Ua hāʻawi ka mea hoʻokani pila i ka ikehu a me ke kālena i kāna hoʻonohonoho ʻana a me ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana: ʻo ka mua ma ke ʻano he inspector, a laila ma ke ʻano he polopeka, a hope ma ke ʻano he alakaʻi (1821-41). Ma waena o kāna mau haumāna, he mau haku mele keaka nui ʻo F. Ober lāua ʻo F. Halevi. Ua haʻalele ʻo Cherubini i kekahi mau hana ʻepekema a me ke ʻano hana; Ua kōkua kēia i ka hoʻokumu ʻana a me ka hoʻoikaika ʻana i ka mana o ka conservatory, a ua lilo i kumu hoʻohālike o ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻoihana no nā conservatories ʻōpio ma ʻEulopa.

Ua haʻalele ʻo Cherubini i kahi hoʻoilina mele waiwai. ʻAʻole wale ʻo ia i hoʻomaikaʻi i nā ʻano mele mele o kēia wā, akā ua kōkua pū nō hoʻi i ka hoʻokumu ʻana i nā mea hou.

I ka makahiki 1790 me kona mau hoa - F. Gossec, E. Megul, I. Pleyel, J. Lesueur, A. Jaden, A. Burton, B. Sarret - hana ka mea haku mele i nā himeni a me nā mele, nā hele wāwae, nā pāʻani no nā huakaʻi hanohano, nā ʻahaʻaina, nā hana kanikau Revolutions ("Republican Song", "Hymn to the Brotherhood", "Hymn to the Pantheon", etc.).

Eia naʻe, ʻo ka hana nui o ka haku mele, ka mea i hoʻoholo i kahi o ka mea pena i ka mōʻaukala o ka moʻomeheu mele, pili me ka hale opera. ʻO Cherubini opera i ka makahiki 1790 a me nā makahiki mua o ke kenekulia XNUMX. e hōʻuluʻulu i nā hiʻohiʻona koʻikoʻi loa o ka Italia opera seria, French lyrical tragedy (he ʻano hana hoʻokani mele o ka hale aliʻi nani), opera comic Farani a me ke keaka mele hou loa o ka mea hoʻoponopono keaka opera KV Gluck. Hoʻolaha lākou i ka hānau ʻana o kahi ʻano opera hou: ʻo ka "Opera of Salvation" - kahi hana i piha i ka hana e hoʻonani ai i ka hakakā ʻana i ka hana ʻino a me ka hoʻomāinoino no ke kūʻokoʻa a me ka pono.

ʻO nā opera a Cherubini i kōkua iā Beethoven i ke koho ʻana i ke kumumanaʻo nui a me ka manaʻo o kāna opera kaulana kaulana ʻo Fidelio, ma kāna ʻano mele. Hoʻomaopopo mākou i kā lākou mau hiʻohiʻona i ka opera a G. Spontini ʻO The Vestal Virgin, kahi i hōʻailona ai i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke au o ka opera aloha nui.

He aha kēia mau hana i kapa ʻia? Lodoiska (1791), Eliza (1794), ʻElua lā (a i ʻole ka mea lawe wai, 1800). ʻAʻole i emi iki ka kaulana i kēia lā ʻo Medea (1797), Faniska (1806), Abenseraghi (1813), nona nā kiʻi a me nā kiʻi mele e hoʻomanaʻo mai iā mākou i ka nui o nā keaka, nā mele a me nā mea kani a KM Weber, F. Schubert, F. Mendelssohn.

Loaʻa nā mele a Cherubini i ke kenekulia 30. ikaika hoihoi nui, e like me ka mea i ikeia e ka makemake nui o na mea hookani pila o Rusia: M. Glinka, A. Serov, A. Rubinstein, V. Odoevsky. ʻO ka mea kākau ma luna o 6 operas, 77 quartets, symphonies, 2 romances, 11 requiems (kekahi o lākou - ma C minor - i hana ʻia ma ka hoʻolewa o Beethoven, nāna i ʻike i kēia hana i ke kumu hoʻohālike wale nō), XNUMX mau nui, motets, antiphons a me nā hana ʻē aʻe , ʻaʻole poina ʻia ʻo Cherubini i ke kenekulia XNUMX. Hoʻokani ʻia kāna mele ma nā pae opera maikaʻi loa, i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma nā moʻolelo gramophone.

S. Rytsarev