Kurt Weill |

Kurt weill

Hānau ʻia ʻo Malaki 2, 1900 ma Dessau (Kelemānia). Ua aʻo ʻo ia ma ke kula kiʻekiʻe o Berlin me Humperdinck, a ma 1921-1924. he haumana ia na Ferruccio Busoni. Ua kākau ʻo Weill i kāna mau haku mele mua ma ke ʻano neoclassical. ʻO kēia nā ʻāpana orchestral (“Kvodlibet”, he concerto no ka violin a me nā mea kani). ʻO ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka hui pū ʻana me nā mea kākau keaka "hema" Kelemania (H. Kaiser, B. Brecht) i hoʻoholo no Weill: ua lilo ʻo ia i haku mele keaka wale nō. I ka makahiki 1926, ua hoʻokani ʻia ka opera a Weill i hoʻokumu ʻia ma ka pāʻani a G. Kaiser "The Protagonist" ma Dresden. I ka makahiki 1927, i ka ʻahaʻaina o ke keʻena mele hou ma Baden-Baden, ʻo ke kiʻi kiʻi mele "Mahogany" i ka kikokikona a Brecht i hana ʻia, i ka makahiki aʻe, ua kiʻi ʻia ka opera satirical hoʻokahi "The Tsar" (H. Kaiser). ) ua hoʻokani ʻia ma Leipzig a i ka manawa like i hoʻohekili ʻia ma ʻEulopa kaulana ʻo "Threepenny Opera" ma ka hale kiʻiʻoniʻoni Berlin "Na Schifbauerdam", i paʻi koke ʻia ("Threepenny Film"). Ma mua o kona haʻalele ʻana mai Kelemania i ka makahiki 1933, ua hiki iā Weill ke kākau a hoʻokani i nā keaka ʻo The Rise and Fall of the City of Mahagonny (he mana lōʻihi o ke kiʻi), The Guarantee (text na Caspar Neuer) a me Silver Lake (H. Kaiser). ).

Ma Palika, ua haku ʻo Weill no ka hui ʻo George Balanchine i kahi ballet me ka hīmeni ʻana o "The Seven Deadly Sins" e like me ka palapala a Brecht. Mai 1935, noho ʻo Weill i ʻAmelika a hana ʻo ia no nā hale kiʻiʻoniʻoni Broadway ma New York ma ke ʻano mele mele ʻAmelika. ʻO nā kūlana i hoʻololi ʻia ua koi ʻia ʻo Weill e hoʻohaʻahaʻa mālie i ka leo satirical koʻikoʻi o kāna mau hana. Ua lilo kāna mau ʻāpana i mea hōʻikeʻike ma ke ʻano o ka hoʻonaninani o waho, akā ʻaʻole liʻiliʻi i ka ʻike. I kēia manawa, ma nā hale kiʻiʻoniʻoni o New York, ma hope o nā pāʻani hou a Weill, ua hoʻokani ʻia ʻo The Threepenny Opera i mau haneli mau manawa me ka kūleʻa.

ʻO kekahi o nā pāʻani ʻAmelika kaulana loa na Weill ʻo "A Street Incident" - he "folk opera" i hoʻokumu ʻia ma ka pāʻani a E. Rice mai ke ola o nā wahi ʻilihune o New York; ʻO ka Threepenny Opera, ka mea i hana i ka hale kiʻiʻoniʻoni Kelemania o ka tribune 20s o ka hakakā politika, ua loaʻa i kahi synthesis o ka mea mele "alanui" plebeian me nā ʻano loea loea o ke kiʻi mele hou. Ua hōʻike ʻia ka pāʻani ma ke ʻano he "keaka noiʻi", he parody kahiko o ka poʻe Pelekane no kahi keaka baroque aristocratic. Ua hoʻohana ʻo Weill i ka "opera a ke noi" no ke kumu o ka parodic stylization (i ke mele o kēia parody, ʻaʻole nui ʻo Handel i "ʻeha" e like me nā platitudes, "nā wahi maʻamau" o ka opera aloha o ke kenekulia XNUMX). Aia nā mele ma ʻaneʻi ma ke ʻano he hoʻokomo helu - zongs, nona ka maʻalahi, ka maʻi a me ka ikaika o nā pop hits. Wahi a Brecht, ka mea nona ka mana iā Weill i kēlā mau makahiki i hoʻokaʻawale ʻole ʻia, i mea e hana ai i kahi hana keaka mele hou, pono ka mea haku mele e haʻalele i nā manaʻo ʻino a pau o ka hale opera. Ua makemake nui ʻo Brecht i nā mele pop "māmā"; ʻo ia hoʻi, ua manaʻo ʻo ia e hoʻoholo i ka hakakā kahiko ma waena o ka huaʻōlelo a me ke mele ma ka opera, a hoʻokaʻawale iā lākou mai kekahi i kekahi. ʻAʻohe mea ma o ka hoʻomohala mau ʻana o ka manaʻo mele ma ka pāʻani Weill-Brecht. He pōkole a pōkole nā ​​palapala. ʻO ke ʻano o ka mea holoʻokoʻa e hiki ai ke hoʻokomo i nā mea kani a me nā helu leo, ballet, nā hiʻohiʻona choral.

ʻO ke ala a me ka hāʻule o ke kūlanakauhale ʻo Mahagonny, ʻaʻole like me The Threepenny Opera, ʻoi aku ka like me ka opera maoli. Ma ʻaneʻi he kuleana koʻikoʻi ke mele.