Ukulele: he aha ia, ʻano, hale, kani, mōʻaukala, noi

ʻO kekahi o nā hiʻohiʻona nui o Hawaiʻi nei he kīkā liʻiliʻi a ʻakaʻaka. ʻOiai ke ʻano o ka pāʻani, kaulana ka mea kani me ka inoa maikaʻi ʻo ukulele i nā mea hoʻokani pila kaulana a novice. He paʻa, maʻalahi ke aʻo ʻana, a ʻo kona leo ʻālohilohi, hauʻoli, aloha e hoʻomanaʻo nei i nā mokupuni ʻo ka Pākīpika.

He aha ka ʻukulele

ʻO kēia ka inoa o ka genus o ke kīkā - he mea kani i ʻoki ʻia me nā kaula 4. ʻO ka noi nui ka hoʻokani mele o nā leo a me ka pāʻani solo.

He kūpono ke kani o ka ʻukulele no ka hoʻokani ʻana i nā mele ʻōiwi Hawaiʻi, nā mele jazz a me nā mele, nā mele ʻāina a me nā reggae.

He ʻukulele ka mōʻaukala

He pōkole ka moʻolelo o ke kumu o ke kīkā liʻiliʻi, akā ua hoʻokō ka mea kani mua i ke aloha me nā mea hoʻokani pila i kahi manawa pōkole o ke ola. Ua manaʻo ʻia ka ʻukulele he mea noʻeau Hawaiʻi, ʻoiai ʻoiaʻiʻo e mahalo ʻia ka poʻe Pukiki no kona kumu.

Manaʻo ʻia i ka makahiki 1875, ʻehā Pukiki, e moeʻuhane ana e kūkulu i ke ola maikaʻi aʻe, ua neʻe i ka pae ʻāina ʻo Hawaiʻi. ʻO nā hoaaloha - ʻo Jose Santo, Augusto Diaz, Joao Fernandez, Manuel Nunez - lawe pū me lākou i kahi guitar 5-string Pukiki - braginya, i lilo i kumu no ka hana ʻana i ka ukulele.

I ke pio ʻana, hana nā hoaaloha i ka hana ʻana i nā lako lāʻau. Akā naʻe,ʻaʻole makemake ka poʻe o ka'āina i nā huahana i hanaʻia, aʻo ka poʻe Pukiki, iʻole e banekorupa, hoʻomaka lākou e hana i nā mea kani. Ua hoʻāʻo lākou i ke ʻano a me ke kani o ke kīkā Pukiki, i hopena i kahi ʻano liʻiliʻi me kahi leo momona a ola. Ua emi ka helu o nā kaula – ʻehā, ʻaʻole ʻelima.

Ua ʻae ka poʻe Hawaiʻi i ka mea i haku ʻia e ka poʻe Pukiki. Akā, ua hoʻololi ko lākou ʻano i ka wā i hoʻoholo ai ke aliʻi Hawaiʻi ʻo David Kalakaua ma kekahi o nā ʻahaʻaina ʻāina e hoʻokani i kahi kīkā liʻiliʻi. Ua aloha ka mōʻī i kekahi mea kani maikaʻi loa, kauoha ʻia e lilo ia i ʻāpana o ka ʻaha mele o ka lāhui Hawaiʻi.

No ka Hawaii ka inoa o ka mea kani. Ua unuhi ʻia ka huaʻōlelo "ukulele" ma ke ʻano he "lele lele", a inā ʻoe e uhaʻi i ʻelua ʻāpana - "uku" a me "lele", loaʻa iā ʻoe ka huaʻōlelo "hele mai ka mahalo".

ʻEkolu mau manaʻo i kapa ʻia ai ka ʻukulele.

1. Ua manaʻo ka poʻe Hawaiʻi i ʻike i ke kikā no ka manawa mua, ua like nā manamana lima o ka mea hoʻokani pila e holo ana ma ke kaula, ua like me ka ʻauʻa lele.
2. ʻO ke keʻena aliʻi ma Hawaiʻi nei he kanaka ʻEnelani ʻo Edward Purvis, he kanaka pōkole, ʻeleu, a hoʻomaha ʻole. E hoʻokani ana ʻo ia i kahi kīkā liʻiliʻi, hoʻokani ʻakaʻaka a me ka clown, a ua kapa ʻia ʻo ia ʻo ka ʻukulele.
3. Ua kapa ʻo ka Mōʻīwahine Hawaiʻi ʻo Lydia Kamakaea Paki i ka makana i hāʻawi ʻia e nā haole Pukiki ʻehā i ka poʻe Hawaiʻi he "mahalo i hiki mai".

ano

Hiki mai nā ʻukulele i nā ʻano like ʻole a me nā nui. Ua like paha ka mea kani me ke kope liʻiliʻi o ke kīkā maʻamau, a hana pū nā mea hana i nā huahana oval e like me ke ʻano o ka paukena a me nā pineapples, a me nā ʻāpana like.

Pili ke kani i ka nui o ka mea kani. Ma kahi kope nui, hiki iā ʻoe ke pāʻani i nā memo ma lalo nei. Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā ukulele i kekahi mau ʻano ma muli o ka nui:

1. ʻO Soprano ka mea kaulana loa. ʻukulele maʻamau me 12-14 frets.
2. ʻOi aku ka nui a me ka leo nui o ke ʻano ʻaha mele ma mua o ke ʻano soprano. He 12-14 nō hoʻi nā frets.
3. ʻO ka tenor kahi ʻano ʻokoʻa kaulana i loaʻa i nā makahiki 1920, me kahi leo mānoanoa, velvety a me nā aka he nui. Helu 15-20.
4. ʻO ka baritone kekahi ʻano kaulana i hoʻomaka e kūʻai ʻia i nā makahiki 1940. Hoʻopuka i kahi leo hohonu, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi, ʻoi aku ke kani. Frets, e like me ka tenor guitar, 15-20.
5. ʻO nā koho liʻiliʻi maʻamau i ʻike ʻia ma hope o 2007 he bass, pālua pālua a me piccolo.

Aia kekahi mana o ka ʻukulele me nā kaula pālua. Hoʻopaʻa ʻia kēlā me kēia kaula i ke kaula lua, i hoʻokani ʻia me ka lokahi.

He aha ke ʻano o ka ʻukulele?

Maʻalahi ka leo ʻukulele, ʻālohilohi, ʻo kona mau leo ​​e hoʻomālamalama i ka ikehu a me ka manaʻo maikaʻi, e hoʻāla i ka hoʻomanaʻo ʻana i kahi pae ʻāina lā i ka Moana Pākīpika, nā ʻāpana waihoʻoluʻu o nā pua Hawaiʻi.

Ua kapa ʻia ke kani o ke kaula hāmama. Koho lākou i kahi ʻōnaehana i mea e maʻalahi ai ka unuhi ʻana o nā chords i hoʻohana nui ʻia. ʻAʻole maʻamau ka hoʻokani ʻana i ka ukulele no kahi kīkā, ʻo kona mau hiʻohiʻona e hāʻawi ʻia ma lalo nei.

ʻO ke kani ʻukulele maʻamau he soprano. Penei ka inoa o ke kaula:

• paʻakai (G);
• i (C);
• ko'u (E);
• la (A).

ʻO ka helu ʻana i ke kaula mai ʻehā a i hoʻokahi (mai luna a lalo). C-Ea (CEA) hoʻokani pila, ʻo ia hoʻi no ke kīkā kuʻuna, ʻo ia hoʻi, he leo kiʻekiʻe ka hoʻomaka, haʻahaʻa ka hopena. Pono ke kani o ke kaula G ma mua o ka 3nd a me ka XNUMXrd no ka mea pili ia i ka octave a nā memo XNUMX ʻē aʻe.

ʻO ka pōmaikaʻi o kēia hoʻokani ʻana, ʻo ia ka hiki ke hoʻokani i nā mele like i loaʻa no ka pāʻani ʻana ma ke kīkā maʻamau, e hoʻomaka ana mai ka fret 5. No nā mea hoʻokani pila i maʻa i ka hoʻokani pila, ʻaʻole ʻoluʻolu ka pāʻani ʻana i ka ʻukulele i ka wā mua. Akā hiki koke mai ka addiction. Loaʻa ka unuhi ʻana o kēlā me kēia me nā manamana lima hoʻokahi a ʻelua paha.

ʻO ka ʻāʻī pōkole o ka ʻukulele e hiki ai i ka mea kani ke hoʻokani manuahi i ke kani i makemake ʻia. Hiki ke hana i ka hoʻokani pila maʻamau, kahi e kū ai ke kani me nā kaula mua ʻehā o ke kīkā maʻamau. ʻO ia hoʻi, ua puka mai:

• ko'u (E);
• oe (B);
• paʻakai (G);
• ʻulaʻula).

No ka ʻukulele, ʻo ke ʻano o ka pāʻani ʻana, ʻo ia ka ikaika a me ka hakakā. ʻOhi lākou a hahau i nā kaula me nā manamana lima ʻākau a i ʻole me ka plectrum.

'ole

Aneane like ke ano o ka ukulele me ko ka guitar. Pono ka ʻukulele:

• lāʻau, nele i loko o ke kino me ka huelo a me ka puka poepoe ma ka papa kani mua;
• ʻāʻī - he pā lāʻau lōʻihi e kau ʻia nā kaula;
• nā papa manamana lima;
• frets - nā ʻāpana fingerboard i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia e nā protrusions metala (ua hoʻoholo ʻia ke ʻano o nā memo e ka wahi o nā frets no kēlā me kēia o nā kaula 4);
• poʻo - ka ʻāpana hope o ka ʻāʻī me nā mākia;
• nā kaula (i hana mau ʻia me ka nylon).

Hana ʻia nā ukulele mai ka acacia, maple, lehu, walnut, spruce, rosewood. Hana ʻia nā kope ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka plastic, akā ʻaʻole maikaʻi paha kēlā mau analogues ma mua o nā kumu lāʻau. Hoʻohana ʻia ka ʻāʻī mai kahi pā hoʻokahi, a hoʻohana ʻia ka lāʻau paʻakikī. Hana ʻia ke kahua kīkā i ka plastic a i ʻole ka lāʻau.

Nā ana mea hana

ʻO ka ʻokoʻa o ka nui o ka ʻukulele o nā leo like ʻole:

• soprano - 53 knm;
• ʻaha mele - 58 cm;
• lōʻihi - 66 cm;
• baritone a me ka bass - 76 knm.

ʻO ke kope nui loa o ka ʻukulele, he 3 m 99 knm ka lōʻihi, ua hana ʻia e ka American Lawrence Stump. Ke hana nei ka huahana, i helu ʻia ma ka Guinness Book of Records, hiki iā ʻoe ke pāʻani ma luna.

Mea Hana Kaulana

Ua hala loa ka ʻukulele i ka mea kani Hawaiʻi, i kēia manawa he guitar kaulana a mahalo ʻia e ka poʻe mele. Nui nā mea hoʻokani pila kaulana i aloha i kahi mea kani liʻiliʻi, hoʻohana iā ia i nā ʻaha mele, a laila e hāʻawi i kona kaulana.

ʻO Israel Kaanoi Kamakawiwoole ka mea hoʻokani ʻukulele kaulana loa. Ua lilo ʻo ia i hoihoi i nā mele kikā mai ka wā kamaliʻi mai, ma ka pae ʻāina ʻo Hawaiʻi he kanaka kaulana ʻo ia, ua kapa ʻia ʻo ia he "gentle giant".

Manaʻo nō hoʻi ka poʻe Hawaiʻi iā Eddie Kamae lāua ʻo Gabby Pahinui, ka mea nāna i hoʻokumu i ka hui mele ʻo The Sons of Hawaii, he mau hōkū kūloko. Hana lākou i nā mele guitar patriotic a me ka hoʻoulu ʻana me ka hoʻokomo ʻana i nā kumu ʻāina.

Pono e kapa ʻia nā mea mahalo nui i ka ʻukulele:

• mea hoʻokani jazz ʻo Laila Ritz;
• ʻO ka mea hoʻokani mele Pelekane a me ka mea mele ʻo George Formby;
• ʻO Roy Smeck ka mea hoʻokani pila ʻAmelika;
• Mea keaka ʻAmelika ʻo Cliff Edwards;
• mea hoʻokani pila ʻo Rocky Leon;
• virtuoso guitarist Jake Shimabukuro;
• ʻO James Hill ka mea hoʻokani techno Kanada.

ʻO ka ʻukulele kahi mea kani maikaʻi i kaulana ʻaʻole wale no kona leo ʻālohilohi a maikaʻi hoʻi, akā no kona paʻa. Hiki ke lawe ʻia i ka huakaʻi, i ka mākaʻikaʻi ʻana, i kahi hanana - ma nā wahi a pau e hana ai ka mea hoʻokani i kahi ʻano leʻaleʻa ma ka hoʻokani ʻana i ka ʻukulele.