Alexander Varlamov (Alexander Varlamov) |
ʻO Alexander Varlamov
ʻO nā mele a me nā mele na A. Varlamov he ʻaoʻao mālamalama i nā mele leo leo Lūkini. He mea haku mele no ke kālena melodic kupaianaha, ua hana ʻo ia i nā hana waiwai nui, i lanakila i ka kaulana kaulana. ʻO wai ka mea i ʻike ʻole i nā mele o nā mele "Red Sundress", "Ma ke alanui kahi hau hau" a i ʻole nā moʻolelo "Ua keʻokeʻo ka peʻa mehameha", "I ka wanaʻao, mai hoʻāla iā ia"? E like me ka mea i ʻōlelo ʻia i kēia manawa, ua kaulana kāna mau mele "me nā kumu Lūkini maʻemaʻe." Ua mele ʻia ka "Red Sarafan" kaulana "e nā papa āpau - i loko o ka lumi hoʻokipa o kahi aliʻi a i loko o ka hale moa o ka poʻe mahiʻai", a ua hopu ʻia ma kahi paʻi kaulana Lūkini. Hōʻike pū ʻia nā mele a Varlamov i ka moʻolelo moʻolelo: ua hoʻokomo ʻia nā mele a ka mea haku mele, ma ke ʻano he ʻano o ke ola o kēlā me kēia lā, i loko o nā hana a nā mea kākau he nui - N. Gogol, I. Turgenev, N. Nekrasov, N. Leskov, I. Bunin a me ka mea kākau Pelekane ʻo J. Galsworthy ( moʻolelo "The End of the Chapter"). Akā, ʻoi aku ka hauʻoli o ka mea haku mele ma mua o ka hopena o kāna mau mele.
Ua hānau ʻia ʻo Varlamov i loko o kahi ʻohana ʻilihune. Ua ʻike mua ʻia kāna kālena mele: ua aʻo ʻo ia iā ia iho i ka hoʻokani pila - ʻo ia i nā mele mele ma ka pepeiao. ʻO ka leo maikaʻi a me ka leo kani o ke keikikāne i hoʻoholo ai i kona hopena e hiki mai ana: i ka makahiki 9 ua hoʻokomo ʻia ʻo ia i ka Halepule hīmeni ʻo St. I loko o kēia hui himeni hanohano, ua aʻo ʻo Varlamov ma lalo o ke alakaʻi ʻana a ke alakaʻi o ka hale pule, ka haku mele Lūkini koʻikoʻi ʻo D. Bortnyansky. ʻAʻole i liʻuliʻu ua lilo ʻo Varlamov i mea hoʻokani hīmeni, aʻo i ka hoʻokani piano, cello, a me ke kīkā.
I ka makahiki 1819, ua hoʻouna ʻia ka mea hoʻokani pila i Holland ma ke ʻano he kumu mele ma ka hale pule ʻelele Lūkini ma Hague. Ua wehe ʻia kahi honua o nā manaʻo like ʻole i mua o ke kanaka ʻōpio: hele pinepine ʻo ia i ka opera a me nā ʻaha mele. hoʻokani ʻo ia i ka lehulehu ma ke ʻano he mele a me ka mea hoʻokani pila. A laila, ma kāna ʻae ʻana, "ua aʻo ʻo ia i ke kumumanaʻo o ke mele." I kona hoʻi ʻana i kona ʻāina hānau (1823), ua aʻo ʻo Varlamov ma ke kula ʻo St. Petersburg Theatre, aʻo pū me nā mea mele o ka Preobrazhensky a me Semenovsky regiments, a laila komo hou i ka Singing Chapel ma ke ʻano he chorister a me kumu. Ma hope koke iho, i loko o ke ke'ena o ka Philharmonic Society, hā'awi'o ia i kāna'ahamele mua ma Rusia, kahi e alaka'i ai'o ia i nā hana symphonic a me nā mele a hana'o ia ma ke'ano he mele. ʻO nā hālāwai me M. Glinka i hana nui - ua kōkua lākou i ka hoʻokumuʻana i nā manaʻo kūʻokoʻa o ka mea hoʻokani pila i ka hoʻomohalaʻana i kaʻoihana Lūkini.
I ka makahiki 1832, ua kono ʻia ʻo Varlamov ma ke ʻano he mea kōkua i ke alakaʻi o ka Moscow Imperial Theatres, a laila loaʻa iā ia ke kūlana o "ka haku mele." Ua komo kokeʻo ia i loko o ka pōʻai o ka Moscow artistic intelligentsia, i loko o ia mau mea he nui nā poʻe akamai, maʻalahi a nani hoʻi: nā mea hana M. Shchepkin, P. Mochalov; haku mele A. Gurilev, A. Verstovsky; poet N. Tsyganov; nā mea kākau M. Zagoskin, N. Polevoy; mea hoolea A. Bantyshev a me na mea e ae. Ua hui pū ʻia lākou e ka makemake nui i nā mele, nā mele, a me nā kiʻi kanaka.
"Pono ke mele i kahi ʻuhane," i kākau ai ʻo Varlamov, "a aia i ka Lūkini, ʻo ka hōʻoia ʻo kā mākou mele mele." I loko o kēia mau makahiki, haku ʻo Varlamov i ka "The Red Sundress", "Auē, ʻeha, akā ʻeha", "He aha ke ʻano o kēia puʻuwai", "Mai walaʻau, makani ikaika", "He aha ka mea i lilo i ka noe, ka wanaʻao. maopopo” a me nā mele a me nā mele ʻē aʻe i hoʻokomo ʻia i loko o " Album mele no 1833″ a hoʻonani i ka inoa o ka mea haku mele. ʻOiai e hana ana ʻo Varlamov ma ka hale keaka, kākau ʻo Varlamov i nā mele no nā hana hoʻokani he nui ("Two-wife" a me "Roslavlev" na A. Shakhovsky - ʻo ka lua ma muli o ka moʻolelo a M. Zagoskin; "Prince Silver" e pili ana i ka moʻolelo "Attacks" na A. Bestuzhev-Marlinsky; "Esmeralda" e pili ana i ka puke "Notre Dame Cathedral" na V. Hugo, "Hamlet" na V. Shakespeare). He hanana koʻikoʻi ka hana ʻana i ka pōʻino o Shakespeare. ʻO V. Belinsky, ka mea i hele i kēia hana he 7 mau manawa, ua kākau me ka hoihoi e pili ana i ka unuhi ʻana a Polevoy, ʻo Mochalov ka hana ʻo Hamlet, e pili ana i ke mele o ka pupule ʻo Ophelia…
Ua hoihoi pū ka Ballet iā Varlamov. 2 o kāna mau hana ma kēia ʻano - "Fun of the Sultan, or the Seller of Slaves" a me "The Cunning Boy and the Ogre", i kākau pū ʻia me A. Guryanov ma muli o ka moʻolelo moʻolelo a Ch. ʻO Perrault "The Boy-with-a-finger", aia ma ke kahua o ka Bolshoi Theatre. Ua makemake nō hoʻi ka haku mele e kākau i kahi opera - ua hoihoi ʻia ʻo ia i ka manaʻo o ka mele a A. Mickiewicz "Konrad Wallenrod", akā ʻaʻole i hoʻokō ʻia ka manaʻo.
ʻAʻole i pau ka hana hana a Varlamov i kona ola ʻana. Ua hoʻokani ʻo ia i nā ʻaha mele, ʻoi aku ka pinepine ma ke ʻano he mele. He ʻuʻuku liʻiliʻi akā nani ka leo o ka mea haku mele, ua ʻike ʻia kāna hīmeni ʻana e ka mele mele a me ka ʻoiaʻiʻo. "Ua hōʻike pololei ʻo ia ... i kāna mau aloha," wahi a kekahi o kāna mau hoaaloha.
Ua ʻike nui ʻia ʻo Varlamov ma ke ʻano he kumu leo. ʻO kāna "School of Singing" (1840) - ka hana nui mua ma Rūsia ma kēia wahi - ʻaʻole i nalowale kona koʻikoʻi i kēia manawa.
ʻO nā makahiki 3 hope loa i noho ai ʻo Varlamov ma St. Petersburg, kahi āna i manaʻo ai e lilo hou i kumu ma ka Hale Mele Mele. ʻAʻole i hoʻokō ʻia kēia makemake, paʻakikī ke ola. ʻAʻole i pale ka kaulana kaulana o ka mea hoʻokani iā ia mai ka ʻilihune a me ka hōʻeha. Ua make ʻo ia i ka maʻi maʻi maʻi i ka makahiki 47.
ʻO ka hapa nui a koʻikoʻi o ka hoʻoilina hoʻoilina o Varlamov he mau mele aloha a me nā mele (ma kahi o 200, me nā hui pū kekahi). He ākea loa ka pōʻai o nā haku mele: A. Pushkin, M. Lermontov, V. Zhukovsky, A. Delvig, A. Polezhaev, A. Timofeev, N. Tsyganov. Ua weheʻo Varlamov no nā mele Lūkiniʻo A. Koltsov, A. Pleshcheev, A. Fet, M. Mikhailov. E like me A. Dargomyzhsky, ʻo ia kekahi o nā mea mua e kamaʻilio iā Lermontov; Ua hoihoi ia kona noonoo e na unuhi mai IV Goethe, G. Heine, P. Beranger.
He haku mele ʻo Varlamov, he mele no nā manaʻo kanaka maʻalahi, ua hōʻike kāna kiʻi i nā manaʻo a me nā manaʻo o kona mau hoa, ua kūlike me ka lewa uhane o ka makahiki 1830. "Makewai no ka ʻino" i loko o ke aloha "He peʻa keʻokeʻo ke keʻokeʻo" a i ʻole ke kūlana o ka pōʻino i loko o ke aloha "He paʻakikī, ʻaʻohe ikaika" nā kiʻi-moods hiʻohiʻona o Varlamov. Ua pili nā ʻano o ia manawa i ka manaʻo aloha a me ka wehe ʻana o ka manaʻo o nā mele a Varlamov. He ākea loa kona ʻano: mai ka māmā, nā pena kala wai i loko o ke aloha ʻāina "makemake wau e nānā i kahi pō māmā" i ka elegy dramatic "Ua hala ʻoe".
Hoʻopili ʻia ka hana a Varlamov me nā kuʻuna o nā mele o kēlā me kēia lā, me nā mele ʻōiwi. Hoʻokumu paʻa, hōʻike maʻalahi i kāna mau hiʻohiʻona mele - ma ka ʻōlelo, ma ke kumuhana, ma ke ʻano kiʻi. ʻO nā kiʻi he nui o nā mele aloha a Varlamov, a me nā ʻano hana mele e pili ana me ke mele, e kuhikuhi ʻia i ka wā e hiki mai ana, a ʻo ka hiki i ka mea haku mele ke hoʻokiʻekiʻe i nā mele o kēlā me kēia lā i ke kiʻekiʻe o ka ʻoihana ʻoihana pono e nānā pono i kēia lā.
N. Pepa
