Adolphe Charles Adam |
Adolphe Charles Adamu
ʻO ka mea kākau o ka ballet kaulana o ka honua "Giselle" A. ʻO Adam kekahi o nā mea haku mele kaulana a aloha ʻia o Farani i ka hapa mua o ke kenekulia 46. Ua hauʻoli nui kāna mau keaka a me nā baleta me ka lehulehu, ʻo ke kaulana ʻo Adana ʻoiai i kona wā e ola ana i hala i nā palena o Farani. Nui kona hoʻoilina: ʻoi aku ma mua o 18 mau opera, XNUMX ballets (ʻo ia hoʻi ʻo The Maiden of the Danube, Corsair, Faust). Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia kāna mele e ka nani o ke mele, ka palaki o ke kumu, a me ka maʻalahi o ka mea kani. Ua hānau ʻia ʻo Adan i loko o ka ʻohana o ka mea hoʻokani piano, ke kaukaʻi ma Paris Conservatory L. Adan. Ua kaulana loa ka makua kāne, ma waena o kāna mau haumāna ʻo F. Kalkbrenner lāua ʻo F. Herold. I kona mau makahiki ʻōpio, ʻaʻole makemake ʻo Adan i ka mele a hoʻomākaukau no ka ʻoihana ʻepekema. Eia naʻe, ua loaʻa iā ia kāna hoʻonaʻauao mele ma ka Paris Conservatory. ʻO kahi hui me ka mea haku mele ʻo F. Boildieu, kekahi o nā haku haku Palani koʻikoʻi o ia manawa, he mana koʻikoʻi i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i kāna mau akamai haku mele. Ua ʻike koke ʻo ia i kahi makana mele ma Adana a lawe iā ia i kāna papa.
He mea ko'iko'i ka holomua o ka haku mele 'ōpio i ka makahiki 1825 i loa'a iā ia ka makana Roma. Loaʻa iā Adana lāua ʻo Boildieu nā pilina hoʻomohala hohonu. Wahi a nā kiʻi o kāna kumu, ua kākau ʻo Adamu i ka overture i ka opera kaulana a kaulana loa a Boildieu, ʻo The White Lady. Ma ka huli ʻana, koho ʻo Boildieu ma Adana i kahi ʻoihana no ke mele keaka a aʻo iā ia e huli mua i ke ʻano o ka opera comic. Ua kākau ʻia ka opera comic mua ʻo Adana i ka makahiki 1829 e pili ana i kahi moʻolelo mai ka mōʻaukala Lūkini, a ʻo Peter I kekahi o nā mea nui. Ua kapa ʻia ka opera ʻo Peter lāua ʻo Catherine. ʻO nā opera i puka mai i nā makahiki ma hope mai, ua loaʻa ka kaulana a kaulana loa: The Cabin (1834), The Postman from Longjumeau (1836), The King from Yveto (1842), Cagliostro (1844). Ua kākau nui a wikiwiki ka mea haku mele. "Aneane pau nā mea hoʻohewa e hoʻopiʻi mai iaʻu no ka kākau wikiwiki ʻana," i kākau ai ʻo Adan, "Ua kākau wau i ka The Cabin i ʻumikumamālima mau lā, ʻo Giselle i ʻekolu pule, a inā he Mōʻī wau i ʻelua mahina." Eia naʻe, ua hāʻule ka lanakila nui loa a me ke ola lōʻihi loa i ka māhele o kāna ballet Giselle (libre. T. Gauthier a me G. Corali), i lilo i hoʻomaka o ka mea i kapa ʻia. Ballet aloha Palani. ʻO nā inoa o nā ballerinas kupanaha Ch. ʻO Grisi lāua ʻo M. Taglioni, ka mea nāna i hana i ke kiʻi mele a me ke kiʻi ʻoluʻolu o Giselle, pili pū me ka ballet Adana. Ua kaulana ka inoa ʻo Adana ma Rusia. Ma hope o ka makahiki 1839, hele mai ʻo ia i St. Petersburg, me kāna haumāna, ka mea mele kaulana ʻo Sheri-Kuro, ma kahi huakaʻi. Ma St. Petersburg, ua noho aliʻi ka makemake i ka ballet. Hana ʻo Taglioni ma ke kahua. Ua ʻike ka mea haku mele i ka kūleʻa o kahi hula ma ka ʻāpana nui o kāna pila ʻO ke kaikamahine o ka Danube. Ua hana ka hale opera i ka manaʻo hoʻohālikelike iā Adana. Ua ʻike ʻo ia i nā hemahema o ka hui opera a kamaʻilio ʻoluʻolu e pili ana i ka hula: “… A eia kekahi, no ka mea, ʻaneʻane hiki ʻole mai ka poʻe hīmeni haole i St. ʻO ka holomua o ka mea mele aʻu e hele pū nei he mea nui loa… "
Ua hoʻoneʻe koke ʻia nā hana hou a pau o ka ballet Farani i ke kahua Lūkini. Ua hoʻokumu ʻia ka ballet "Giselle" ma St. Aia nō ia i loko o ka papa mele o nā hale keaka mele a hiki i kēia lā.
No kekahi mau makahiki ʻaʻole i hoʻomaka ka haku mele i ka haku mele. Ma hope o ka hāʻule ʻana me ka luna o ka Opera Comique, ua hoʻoholo ʻo Adan e wehe i kāna ʻoihana keaka ponoʻī i kapa ʻia ʻo National Theatre. Hoʻokahi makahiki wale nō ka lōʻihi, a ua koi ʻia ka haku mele i hōʻino ʻia, i mea e hoʻomaikaʻi ai i kona kūlana kālā, e huli hou i ka haku mele. I nā makahiki like (1847-48), ua paʻi ʻia kāna mau feuilletons a me kāna mau ʻatikala, a mai 1848 ua lilo ʻo ia i polopeka ma ka Conservatory o Paris.
Ma waena o nā hana o kēia wā he mau opera e kāhāhā me nā ʻano ʻano like ʻole: Toreador (1849), Giralda (1850), The Nuremberg Doll (e pili ana i ka moʻolelo pōkole na TA Hoffmann The Sandman - 1852), Be I King "(1852)," Falstaff "(e like me W. Shakespeare - 1856). I ka makahiki 1856, ua hoʻokani ʻia kekahi o kāna mau ballet kaulana ʻo Le Corsaire.
Ua loaʻa i ka lehulehu Lūkini ka manawa e kamaʻāina ai i ke kālena moʻokalaleo o ka mea haku mele ma nā ʻaoʻao o ka Theatrical and Musical Bulletin, i hoʻopuka ʻia i ka makahiki 1859 i nā ʻāpana mai nā memo a ka haku mele ma kāna mau ʻaoʻao. ʻO ke mele a Adan kekahi o nā ʻaoʻao ʻoi loa o ka moʻomeheu mele o ke kenekulia XNUMX. ʻAʻole ia he mea pōʻino i kākau ʻo C. Saint-Saens: “ʻAuhea nā lā kupanaha o Giselle lāua ʻo Corsair?! He mau ballet hoʻohālike kēia. Pono e ho'ōla hou i kā lākou mau kuʻuna. No ke Akua, inā hiki, e hāʻawi mai iā mākou i nā bale nani o ka wā i hala.
L. Kozhevnikova
