Herman Galynin |
Herman Galynin
Hauʻoli wau a haʻaheo no ka mālama maikaʻi ʻana mai o Herman iaʻu, no ka mea, ua loaʻa iaʻu ka pōmaikaʻi i ka ʻike ʻana iā ia a me ka nānā ʻana i ka mohala o kāna kālena nui. Mai kahi leka a D. Shostakovich
ʻO ka hana a G. Galynin kekahi o nā ʻaoʻao ʻoi loa o nā mele Soviet post-war. ʻO ka hoʻoilina i waiho ʻia e ia he liʻiliʻi i ka helu, ʻo nā hana nui e pili ana i ke kahua o ka choral, concerto-symphonic a me chamber-instrumental genres: ka oratorio "The Girl and Death" (1950-63), 2 concerto no ka piano a me ka orchestra ( 1946, 1965), "Epic Poem" no ka symphony orchestra (1950), Suite no ka string orchestra (1949), 2 string quartets (1947, 1956), Piano trio (1948), Suite no ka piano (1945).
He mea maʻalahi ke ʻike ua kākau ʻia ka hapa nui o nā hana i nā makahiki ʻelima o 1945-50. ʻO ia ka nui o ka manawa i hāʻawi ʻia e ka hopena pōʻino iā Galynin no ka hoʻomohala piha. ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ua hana ʻia nā mea nui loa i kāna hoʻoilina i kāna mau makahiki haumāna. No kona ʻano ʻokoʻa a pau, ʻo ka moʻolelo o ke ola o Galynin kahi hiʻohiʻona o kahi kanaka naʻauao Soviet hou, he kamaʻāina o ka poʻe, nāna i hoʻokō i nā kiʻekiʻe o ka moʻomeheu honua.
ʻO kahi keiki makuaʻole i nalowale i kona mau mākua ma mua (he mea hana kona makuakāne ma Tula), i ka makahiki 12, ua hoʻopauʻo Galynin i kahi keiki makuaʻole, kahi i pani ai i konaʻohana. I kēlā manawa, ua hōʻike ʻia nā mana noʻeau koʻikoʻi o ke keiki: ua huki maikaʻi ʻo ia, he mea koʻikoʻi i ke komo ʻana i nā hana keaka, akā ʻo ka hapa nui o nā mea a pau ua huki ʻia ʻo ia i ke mele - ua haku ʻo ia i nā mea kani a pau o ka orchestra o nā keiki makua ʻole, unuhi ʻia nā kānaka. mele nona. Hānau ʻia i loko o kēia lewa lokomaikaʻi, ʻo ka hana mua a ka mea haku mele ʻōpio - "Malaki" no ka piano i lilo i ʻano hele i ke kula mele ma Moscow Conservatory. Ma hope o ke aʻo ʻana no hoʻokahi makahiki ma ke keʻena hoʻomākaukau, i ka makahiki 1938 ua kākau inoa ʻia ʻo Galynin i ka papa nui.
I loko o ke kula ʻoihana kiʻekiʻe, kahi āna i kamaʻilio pū ai me nā mea hoʻokani mele koʻikoʻi - ʻo I. Sposobin (harmony) a me G. Litinsky (composition), ua hoʻomaka ke kālena o Galynin e ulu me ka ikaika a me ka wikiwiki - ʻaʻole ia he mea ʻole i noʻonoʻo ʻia e nā hoa haumāna. ʻo ia ka mana noʻeau nui. Manaʻo mau i nā mea hou, hoihoi, kupaianaha, hoihoi mau i nā hoa a me nā hoahana, i kāna mau makahiki kula, makemake nui ʻo Galynin i ka piano a me nā mele keaka. A inā e hōʻike ana nā sonata piano a me nā preludes i ka hauʻoli o ka ʻōpio, ka wehe a me ka maʻalahi o nā manaʻo o ka mea haku mele ʻōpio, a laila ʻo ka mele no ka interlude a M. Cervantes ʻo "The Salamanca Cave" he mea makemake ia no ka hōʻailona ʻoi, ke ʻano o ka hauʻoli o ke ola. .
ʻO ka mea i loaʻa ma ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke ala i hoʻomau ʻia i ka hana hou a Galynin - ma mua o nā concerto piano a me nā mele no ka mele mele a J. Fletcher The Taming of the Tamer (1944). I loko o kāna mau makahiki kula, ua kāhāhā nā mea a pau i ke ʻano kumu "Galynin" o ka hoʻokani piano, ʻoi aku ka pīhoihoi no ka mea ʻaʻole ʻo ia i aʻo i ka hana pianistic. "Ma lalo o kona mau manamana lima, ua lilo nā mea a pau i mea nui, kaumaha, ʻike ʻia ... ʻO ka mea hoʻokani piano a me ka mea hana ma ʻaneʻi, me he mea lā, ua hoʻohui ʻia i hoʻokahi holoʻokoʻa," i hoʻomanaʻo ai ka hoa haumāna o Galynin ʻo A. Kholminov.
I ka makahiki 1941, ua hāʻawi manawaleʻa ʻo Galynin i ka makahiki mua o ka Moscow Conservatory, akā ma ʻaneʻi ʻaʻole ʻo ia i hoʻokaʻawale i ke mele - ua alakaʻi ʻo ia i nā hana kiʻi amateur, haku i nā mele, nā huakaʻi, a me nā mele. Ma hope o 3 mau makahiki, hoʻi ʻo ia i ka papa haku mele o N. Myaskovsky, a laila - ma muli o kona maʻi - ua neʻe ʻo ia i ka papa o D. Shostakovich, ka mea i ʻike mua i ke talena o kahi haumāna hou.
ʻO nā makahiki Conservatory - ʻo ka manawa o ka hoʻokumu ʻana o Galynin ma ke ʻano he kanaka a me ka mea hoʻokani pila, ke komo nei kāna talena i kona wā kiʻekiʻe. ʻO nā haku mele maikaʻi loa o kēia wā - ʻo ka First Piano Concerto, ka First String Quartet, ka Piano Trio, ka Suite for Strings - ua huki koke i ka manaʻo o ka poʻe hoʻolohe a me nā mea hoʻohewa. Ua lei ʻia nā makahiki o ke aʻo ʻana e ʻelua mau hana nui a ka mea haku mele - ʻo ka oratorio "The Girl and Death" (ma hope o M. Gorky) a me ka orchestral "Epic Poem", i lilo koke i repertoire a ua hāʻawi ʻia i ka makana mokuʻāina ma 2.
Akā, ua waiho mua ʻia kahi maʻi koʻikoʻi no Galynin, ʻaʻole i ʻae iā ia e hōʻike piha i kāna talena. I nā makahiki aʻe o kona ola ʻana, ua hakakā ʻo ia me ka wiwo ʻole i ka maʻi, e hoʻāʻo ana e hāʻawi i kēlā me kēia minuke i kāʻili ʻia mai iā ia i kāna mele punahele. ʻO kēia ke ala i kū ai ka Quartet ʻElua, ka Concerto Piano ʻElua, ka Concerto grosso no ka piano solo, ka Aria for Violin and String Orchestra i hoʻoponopono ʻia, nā sonata piano mua a me ka oratorio "The Girl and Death" i hoʻoponopono ʻia, a lilo ka hana i mea hoʻokani pila. hanana i ke ola mele o nā makahiki 60.
ʻO Galynin kahi mea pena kiʻi Lūkini maoli, me ka ʻike hohonu, ʻoi a me ka ʻike hou o ka honua. E like me kona ʻano, ua hoʻohauʻoli ʻia nā hana a ka haku mele e ko lākou ʻano piha koko, olakino noʻonoʻo. Ua paʻakikī ka manaʻo o ke mele a Galynin, ʻo ia ka manaʻo epic, nā ʻōlelo kiʻi i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i loko ona e ka ʻakaʻaka a me nā huaʻōlelo palupalu. Hōʻike ʻia ke ʻano ʻāina o ka hoʻomohala ʻana e ka melodism o nā mele, kahi oli ākea, kahi ʻōnaehana "clumsy" kūikawā o ka harmoni a me ka orchestration, e hoʻi ana i nā "irregularities" a Mussorgsky. Mai nā ʻanuʻu mua loa o ke ala haku mele o Galynin, ua lilo kāna mele i mea ʻike ʻia o ka moʻomeheu mele Soviet, "no ka mea," wahi a E. Svetlanov, "ʻo kahi hālāwai me nā mele a Galynin he hālāwai mau me ka nani e hoʻonui ai i ke kanaka, e like me nā mea āpau. nani maoli ma ke kii “.
G. Zhdanova
