Baldassare Galuppi |
ʻO Baldassare Galuppi
ʻO ka inoa ʻo B. Galuppi he mea liʻiliʻi ia i kahi mea aloha mele hou, akā i kona wā ʻo ia kekahi o nā haku alakaʻi o ka opera comic Italia. He kuleana koʻikoʻi ʻo Galuppi i ke ola mele o Italia wale nō, akā, ʻo nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe, ʻo ia hoʻi ʻo Russia.
Italia 112th kenekulia ola maoli e ka opera. Hāʻawi kēia kiʻi aloha i ka makemake o ka poʻe Italia no ka hīmeni ʻana, ko lākou ʻano wela. Akā naʻe, ʻaʻole ia i ʻimi e hoʻopā i ka hohonu o ka ʻuhane a ʻaʻole i hana i nā masterpieces "no nā kenekulia". I ke kenekulia XVIII. Ua hana nā mea haku mele ʻItalia i mau haneli o nā keaka, a ʻo ka helu o nā keaka a Galuppi (50) he mea maʻamau ia manawa. Eia kekahi, ua hana ʻo Galuppi i nā hana he nui no ka hale pule: masses, requiems, oratorio a me cantatas. He virtuoso akamai - he haku o ka clavier - ua kākau ʻo ia ma luna o XNUMX sonatas no kēia mea kani.
I kona wā e ola ana, ua kapa ʻia ʻo Galuppi ʻo Buranello - mai ka inoa o ka mokupuni ʻo Burano (kokoke iā Venice), kahi i hānau ʻia ai. Aneane pau o kona ola hana i pili me Venice: maanei oia i a'o ai ma ka conservatory (me A. Lotti), a mai 1762 a hiki i ka hopena o kona ola (koe wale no ka manawa ana i noho ai ma Rusia) 'o ia kona alakai a me ke alakai o. ka papa himeni. I ka manawa like, ua loaʻa iā Galuppi ka pou mele kiʻekiʻe loa ma Venice - ke alakaʻi o ka hale pule o St. ua hoʻokani ʻia kāna mau keaka mua.
Ua kākau nui ʻo Galuppi i nā opera comic (ʻo ka mea maikaʻi loa o lākou: "The Village Philosopher" - 1754, "ʻEkolu Mea Hoʻohenehene" - 1761). Ua hana ʻia nā opera 20 ma nā kikokikona a ka mea pāʻani kaulana ʻo C. Goldoni, nāna i ʻōlelo ʻo Galuppi "i waena o nā mea hoʻokani mele like me Raphael i waena o nā mea pena." Ma waho aʻe o ka comic Galuppi, ua kākau pū ʻo ia i nā keaka koʻikoʻi e pili ana i nā kumuhana kahiko: no ka laʻana, The Abandoned Dido (1741) a me Iphigenia ma Taurida (1768) i kākau ʻia ma Rusia. Ua kaulana ka mea haku mele ma Italia a me nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe. Ua kono ʻia ʻo ia e hana ma Lākana (1741-43), a ma 1765 - ma St. ʻO ka hoihoi nui nā mele mele a Galuppi i haku ʻia no ka Ekalesia Orthodox (15 ka nui). ʻO ka mea haku mele ma nā ʻano he nui i kōkua i ka hoʻokumu ʻana i kahi ʻano hou, maʻalahi a ʻoi aku ka manaʻo o ka hīmeni ʻana o ka hale pule Lūkini. ʻO kāna haumāna ka haku mele Lūkini koʻikoʻi ʻo D. Bortnyansky (ua aʻo ʻo ia me Galuppi ma Rusia, a laila hele pū me ia i Italia).
I ka hoʻi ʻana i Venice, ua hoʻomau ʻo Galuppi i kāna mau hana ma St. Mark's Cathedral a ma ka conservatory. E like me kā ka mea huakaʻi Pelekane ʻo C. Burney i kākau ai, "ʻo ke akamai o Signor Galuppi, e like me ke akamai o Titian, e lilo i mea hoʻoikaika nui i nā makahiki. I kēia manawa ʻaʻole i emi iho ʻo Galuppi ma mua o 70 mau makahiki, akā naʻe, ma nā moʻolelo a pau, ʻoi aku ka nui o kāna mau mele mele hope loa a me kāna mele hale pule me ka hoihoi, ka ʻono a me ka noʻonoʻo ma mua o nā manawa ʻē aʻe o kona ola.
K. Zenkin
