Pierre Monteux |
Pierre Monteux
He au holoʻokoʻa ʻo Pierre Monteux i ke ola mele o ko mākou manawa, kahi au e kokoke ana i ʻewalu mau makahiki! Nui nā hanana kupaianaha e pili ana i kona inoa, e waiho mau ana i nā moʻolelo mele o ke kenekulia. Ua lawa ka ʻōlelo ʻana ʻo ia ka mea pena kiʻi mua o nā hana e like me Debussy's Games, Ravel's Daphnis and Chloe, The Firebird, Petrushka, The Rite of Spring, Stravinsky's The Nightingale, Prokofiev's Third Symphony, "Cornered hat" de Falla a me nā mea ʻē aʻe he nui. ʻO kēia wale nō ka mea e ʻōlelo maopopo ai e pili ana i kahi a Monteux i noho ai ma waena o nā alakaʻi o ka honua. Akā i ka manawa hoʻokahi, ʻo nā manaʻo i hele pū me kāna mau hana no ka poʻe haku mele: ʻo ka mea hoʻokani, e like me ke ʻano, noho mau i ka malu. ʻO ke kumu o kēia ka haʻahaʻa kupaianaha o Monteux, ka haʻahaʻa ʻaʻole o ke kanaka wale nō, akā no ka mea pena kiʻi, nāna i hoʻokaʻawale i kāna ʻano alakaʻi holoʻokoʻa. ʻO ka maʻalahi, ka maopopo, ka pololei, ke ana ʻana i ke ʻano, ka stinginess o ka neʻe ʻana, ka makemake ʻole e hōʻikeʻike iā ʻoe iho i mau ma Monteux. "No ke kamaʻilio ʻana i koʻu mau manaʻo i ka mea hoʻokani pila a me ka hoʻopuka ʻana i ka manaʻo o ka mea haku mele, ʻo ke kauā o ka hana, ʻo ia wale nō kaʻu pahuhopu," wahi āna. A i ka hoʻolohe ʻana i ka mea hoʻokani pila ma lalo o kāna alakaʻi ʻana, i kekahi manawa me he mea lā e pāʻani ana nā mea hoʻokani me ka ʻole o ke alakaʻi. ʻOiaʻiʻo, he hoʻopunipuni kēlā manaʻo - he paʻakikī ka wehewehe ʻana, akā mālama paʻa ʻia e ka mea pena, ua hōʻike piha ʻia ka manaʻo o ka mea kākau a hiki i ka hopena. "ʻAʻole au e koi hou aku mai kahi alakaʻi" - ʻo ia ke ʻano o I. Stravinsky i loiloi ai i ke ʻano o Monteux, kahi i hoʻopili ʻia ai ʻo ia e nā makahiki he nui o ka noʻonoʻo a pilikino.
ʻO nā alahaka hana a Monteux, me he mea lā, ke mele o ke kenekulia ʻumikūmāiwa i ke mele o ka iwakālua. Ua hānau ʻia ʻo ia ma Palika i ka manawa i mohala piha ai ʻo Saint-Saens a me Faure, Brahms a me Bruckner, Tchaikovsky a me Rimsky-Korsakov, Dvorak a me Grieg. I ka makahiki ʻeono, ua aʻo ʻo Monteux i ka hoʻokani pila, ʻekolu mau makahiki ma hope mai ua komo ʻo ia i ka conservatory, a ʻekolu mau makahiki ma hope mai ua hoʻomaka ʻo ia ma ke ʻano he alakaʻi. I ka wā mua, he mea hoʻokani pila ka mea hoʻokani pila o Parisian, e hoʻokani ana i ka violin a me ka viola i loko o nā hui keʻena. (He mea kupanaha no na makahiki he nui ma hope mai, ua hoololi ia i ka violist ma'i ma ka ahamele o ka Budapest Quartet, a ua hookani oia i kana hapa me ka hoolele hookahi.)
No ka manawa mua, ʻo Monteux ka mea alakaʻi i huki pono iā ia iho i ka makahiki 1911, i ka wā i mālama nani ai ʻo ia i kahi ʻaha mele a Berlioz ma Palisa. Ua ukali ʻia e ka mua o "Petrushka" a me kahi pōʻai i hoʻolaʻa ʻia i nā mea kākau o kēia wā. No laila, ua hoʻoholo koke ʻia nā ʻaoʻao nui ʻelua o kāna ʻoihana. Ma ke ʻano he Palani ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻo ia hoʻi ka lokomaikaʻi a me ka ʻoluʻolu ma ke kahua, ua kokoke loa kāna kamaʻilio mele ʻana iā ia, a ma ka hoʻokani ʻana i ke mele a kona mau hoa ʻāina ua loaʻa iā ia ka hemolele kupaianaha. ʻO kahi laina ʻē aʻe he mele hou, nāna i hoʻolaha i kona ola a pau. Akā i ka manawa like, mahalo i kāna ʻike kiʻekiʻe, ka ʻono hanohano a me ke akamai i hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia, ua wehewehe maikaʻi ʻo Monteux i nā mele mele o nā ʻāina like ʻole. ʻO Bach lāua ʻo Haydn, ʻo Beethoven lāua ʻo Schubert, nā mea haku mele Lūkini i noho i kahi paʻa i kāna repertoire…
ʻO ka versatility o ke kālena o ka mea pena i lawe mai iā ia i ka lanakila nui loa i ka wā ma waena o nā kaua honua ʻelua, i ka wā i alakaʻi ai ʻo ia i nā hui mele. No laila, mai ka makahiki 1911, ʻo Monteux ke alakaʻi nui o ka hui "Russian Ballet S. Diaghilev", no ka manawa lōʻihi i alakaʻi ai i nā orchestras Boston a me San Francisco ma USA, nā Concertgebouw orchestras ma Amsterdam a me ka Philharmonic ma Lākana. I kēia mau makahiki a pau, ua mākaʻikaʻi ka mea pena kiʻi a puni ka honua, e hoʻokani ana ma nā kahua ʻaha mele a me nā hale opera. Ua hoʻomau ʻo ia i kāna hana ʻahamele i nā makahiki 1950 a me 1960, he ʻelemakule hohonu. E like me ka wā ma mua, ua manaʻo ka poʻe orkestra maikaʻi loa he hanohano ka hana ʻana ma lalo o kāna alakaʻi, ʻoiai ʻo ia ka mea i aloha nui ʻia e nā lālā orkestra. ʻElua manawa hana ʻo Monteux i ka USSR - i ka makahiki 1931 me nā hui Soviet, a i ka makahiki 1956 me ka Boston Orchestra.
ʻAʻole i kahaha wale ʻo Monteux i ka ikaika o kāna hana, akā i kona kūpaʻa nui ʻana i ka hana kiʻi. No ʻekolu hapaha o ke kenekulia āna i noho ai ma ke kahua, ʻaʻole ʻo ia i kāpae i hoʻokahi hoʻomaʻamaʻa, ʻaʻole hoʻokahi ʻahamele. I ka waena o 50s, aia ka mea pena i kahi ulia kaʻa. Ua ʻike nā kauka i nā ʻeha koʻikoʻi a me ka haki ʻana o nā iwi ʻaoʻao ʻehā, ua hoʻāʻo lākou e hoʻomoe iā ia. Aka, ua koi mai ke alakai e hookomo i ke korset maluna ona, a ma ia ahiahi iho, ua malama ia i ka ahamele hou. Ua piha ʻo Monteux i ka ikehu hana a hiki i kona mau lā hope loa. Ua make ʻo ia ma ke kūlanakauhale ʻo Hancock (USA), kahi i alakaʻi ai ʻo ia i ke kula kauwela o nā alakaʻi.
L. Grigoriev, J. Platek
