Olivier Messiaen (Olivier Messiaen) |

Olivier Messiaen

… ka ʻahaʻaina, Nā kukuna o ka mālamalama i ka pō. O. Mesia

ʻO ka mea haku mele Farani ʻo O. Messiaen e noho pono i kekahi o nā wahi hanohano i ka moʻolelo o ka moʻomeheu mele o ke kenekulia 11. Ua hānau ʻia ʻo ia i loko o ka ʻohana naʻauao. He kanaka ʻōlelo Flemish kona makuakāne, a ʻo kona makuahine ka haku mele kaulana ʻo South French ʻo Cecile Sauvage. I ka makahiki 1930, haʻalele ʻo Messiaen i kona kūlanakauhale hānau a hele i ke aʻo ʻana ma ka Paris Conservatory - hoʻokani i ka okana (M. Dupre), haku (P. Dukas), moʻolelo mele (M. Emmanuel). Ma hope o kona puka 'ana mai ka conservatory (1936), ua lawe 'o Messiaen i kahi o ka mea hookani okana o ka Parisian Church of the Holy Trinity. I ka makahiki 39-1942. Ua aʻo ʻo ia ma ka Ecole Normale de Musique, a laila ma ka Schola cantorum, mai ka makahiki 1966 ua aʻo ʻo ia ma ka Conservatory Paris (harmony, loiloi mele, aesthetics mele, psychology musical, mai 1936 kumu kumu o ka haku mele). I ka makahiki 1940, ua hoʻokumu ʻo Messiaen, me I. Baudrier, A. Jolivet a me D. Lesure, i ka hui ʻōpio Farani, nāna i hoʻoikaika i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā kuʻuna aupuni, no ka manaʻo pololei a me ka piha o ke kino o ke mele. Ua hōʻole ʻo "Young France" i nā ala o ka neoclassicism, dodecaphony, a me folklorism. Me ka puka ʻana o ke kaua, hele ʻo Messiaen ma ke ʻano he koa i mua, i ka makahiki 41-1941. aia ma kahi hoomoana POW Kelemania ma Silesia; ma laila i haku ʻia ai ka "Quartet for the End of Time" no ka violin, cello, clarinet a me piano (XNUMX) a ua hana ʻia kāna hana mua ma laila.

I ka wā ma hope o ke kaua, ua hoʻokō ʻo Messiaen i ka ʻike honua ma ke ʻano he haku mele, hoʻokani ʻo ia ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻokani pila (pinepine pū me ka mea hoʻokani piano ʻo Yvonne Loriot, kāna haumāna a me kāna hoa ola), kākau i kekahi mau hana ma ke ʻano mele. Ma waena o nā haumāna a Messiaen ʻo P. Boulez, K. Stockhausen, J. Xenakis.

Hoʻokumu ka nani o Messiaen i ke kumu kumu o ka hui "Young France", i kāhea ʻia no ka hoʻi ʻana i ke mele o ka wikiwiki o ka hōʻike ʻana i nā manaʻo. Ma waena o nā kumu stylistic o kāna hana, ua kapa ʻia ka mea haku mele iā ia iho, me nā haku Farani (C. Debussy), ke mele Gregorian, nā mele Lūkini, nā mele o ka moʻomeheu hikina (ʻo ia hoʻi, ʻo India), nā manu. Hoʻopiha ʻia nā haku mele a Messiaen i ka mālamalama, kahi ʻālohilohi pohihihi, ʻālohilohi lākou me ka ʻōlinolino o nā kala leo ʻālohilohi, nā ʻokoʻa o kahi mele maʻalahi akā hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia i ka leo mele a me nā mea hanohano "cosmic" ʻālohilohi, nā ʻūhā o ka ikehu, nā leo mālie o nā manu, a me nā hui mele manu. a me ka hamau ecstatic o ka uhane. I ka honua o Messiaen, ʻaʻohe wahi no ka prosaism i kēlā me kēia lā, ka ʻāʻī a me nā hakakā o nā keaka kanaka; ʻaʻole i paʻa nā kiʻi ʻinoʻino a weliweli o nā kaua nui loa i ka mele o ka End Time Quartet. Ke hōʻole nei i ka ʻaoʻao haʻahaʻa o kēlā me kēia lā o ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, makemake ʻo Messiaen e hōʻoia i nā waiwai kuʻuna o ka nani a me ka lokahi, ka moʻomeheu uhane kiʻekiʻe e kūʻē iā ia, ʻaʻole ma ka "hoʻihoʻi" iā lākou ma o kekahi ʻano stylization, akā me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka intonation hou a me ke kūpono. ʻano o ka ʻōlelo mele. Manaʻo ʻo Messiaen i nā kiʻi "mau loa" o ka orthodoxy Katolika a me ka cosmologism kala pantheistically. Ma ka hoʻopaʻapaʻa ʻana i ke kumu pohihihi o ke mele ma ke ʻano he "hana o ka manaʻoʻiʻo", hāʻawi ʻo Messiaen i kāna mau haku mele i nā inoa hoʻomana: "The Vision of Amen" no nā piano ʻelua (1943), "Three Little Liturgies to the Divine Presence" (1944), "Twenty Views o ka Pepe Iesu" no ka piano (1944), "Mass at Pentecost" (1950), oratorio "The Transfiguration of Our Lord Jesus Christ" (1969), "Tea for the Resurrection of the Dead" (1964, ma ka 20th anniversary. o ka hopena o ke Kaua Honua II). ʻO nā manu hoʻi me kā lākou mele - ka leo o ke ʻano - ua unuhi ʻia e Messiaen me ka mystically, he "kauwa o nā ʻano mea ʻole"; ʻo ia ke ʻano o ke mele manu ma nā haku mele "The Awakening of the Birds" no ka piano a me ka hoʻokani pila (1953); "Nā Manu Kū'ē" no ka piano, percussion and chamber orchestra (1956); "Catalogue of Birds" no ka piano (1956-58), "Blackbird" no ka ohe a me ka piano (1951). Loaʻa ʻia ke ʻano "manu" maʻalahi i nā haku mele ʻē aʻe.

Loaʻa pinepine ka Messiaen i nā mea o ka hōʻailona helu. No laila, komo ka "trinity" i ka "ʻekolu liturgies liʻiliʻi" - 3 ʻāpana o ka pōʻai, kēlā me kēia ʻekolu ʻāpana, ʻekolu mau ʻāpana timbre-instrumental ʻekolu manawa, ua māhele ʻia ka hui mele wahine unison i 3 mau ʻāpana.

Eia naʻe, ʻo ke ʻano o nā kiʻi mele a Messiaen, ke ʻano o ka manaʻo Farani o kāna mele, ʻo ka ʻōlelo "koi, wela" pinepine, ka helu ʻenehana noʻonoʻo o kahi haku mele hou i hoʻokumu i kahi ʻano mele kūʻokoʻa o kāna hana - komo kēia a pau i kahi kūʻē. me ke ʻano o nā poʻo o nā haku mele. Eia kekahi, ʻike ʻia nā kumuhana hoʻomana ma kekahi o nā hana a Messiaen (ʻo ia ka mea i ʻike iā ia iho i kahi ʻano mele "maʻemaʻe, secular a me theological"). Ua hopu ʻia nā ʻano ʻē aʻe o kāna honua kiʻi i nā haku mele e like me ka symphony "Turangalila" no ka piano a me nā nalu e Martenot a me ka orchestra ("Song of Love, Hymn to the Joy of Time, Movement, Rhythm, Life and Death", 1946-48 ); "Chronochromia" no ka hoʻokani pila (1960); "From the Gorge to the Stars" no ka piano, horn and orchestra (1974); "ʻEhiku Haiku" no ka piano a me ka hoʻokani pila (1962); ʻEhā Rhythmic Etudes (1949) a me ʻEwalu Preludes (1929) no ka piano; Ke kumuhana a me nā ʻano like ʻole no ka Violin a me ka Piano (1932); ka pōʻai leo "Yaravi" (1945, ma ka moʻolelo o Peruvian, ʻo yaravi kahi mele o ke aloha e hoʻopau wale ana me ka make o nā mea aloha); "ʻahaʻaina o nā wai nani" (1937) a me "ʻelua monodies i quartertones" (1938) no nā nalu Martenot; "ʻElua mele e pili ana iā Joan of Arc" (1941); Kanteyojaya, haʻawina mele no ka piano (1948); “Timbres-duration” (concrete music, 1952), opera “Saint Francis of Assisi” (1984).

Ma ke ʻano he mele mele, ua hilinaʻi nui ʻo Messiaen i kāna hana ponoʻī, akā i ka hana a nā mea haku mele ʻē aʻe (me nā Lūkini, ʻo I. Stravinsky), ma ke mele Gregorian, ka moʻolelo Lūkini, a me nā manaʻo o ka mea kākau ʻōlelo India o ka 1944th kenekulia. Sharngadevs. I loko o ka puke "The Technique of My Musical Language" (XNUMX), ua wehewehe ʻo ia i ke kumumanaʻo o nā ʻano ʻano o ka transposition liʻiliʻi a me kahi ʻōnaehana paʻakikī o nā mele, mea nui no nā mele hou. Hāʻawi ke mele a Messiaen i ka pilina o nā manawa (a hiki i ka Middle Ages) a me ka synthesis o nā moʻomeheu o ke Komohana a me ka Hikina.

Y. Kholopov

Nā haku mele:

no ka papa himeni — ʻEkolu liturgi liʻiliʻi o ke alo akua (Trois petites liturgies de la presence divine, no ka hui mele unison wahine, piano solo, nā nalu o Martenot, strings, orc., and percussion, 1944), Five reshans (Cinq rechants, 1949), Trinity Mass of the Day (La Messe de la Pentecote, 1950), oratorio The Transfiguration of Our Lord (La transfiguration du Notre Seigneur, for choir, orchestra and solo instruments, 1969); no ka hookani pila – Nā mōhai poina (Les offrandes oubliees, 1930), Anthem (1932), Ascension (L'Ascension, 4 symphonic plays, 1934), Chronochromia (1960); no na mea kani a me ka orkestra – Turangalila Symphony (fp., nalu o Martenot, 1948), Ala o na Manu (La reveil des oiseaux, fp., 1953), Exotic Birds (Les oiseaux exotiques, fp., percussion and chamber orchestra, 1956), Seven Haiku ( Sept Hap-kap, fp., 1963); no ke kinikini keleawe a me ke kani – He kī kaʻu no ke alahouana o ka poʻe make (Et expecto resurrectionem mortuorum, 1965, kauoha ʻia e ke aupuni Farani ma ka 20th anniversary o ka hopena o ke Kaua Honua II); lumi hoʻokani pila – Ke kumuhana me nā ʻano like ʻole (no skr. a me fp., 1932), Quartet no ka hopena o ka manawa (Quatuor pour la fin du temps, no skr., clarinet, vlch., fp., 1941), Blackbird (Le merle noir, no ka ohe i fp., 1950); no ka piano – he pōʻaiapuni o iwakālua mau manaʻo o ka pēpē ʻo Iesū (Vingt regards sur lʻenfant Jesus, 19444), haʻawina rhythmic (Quatre etudes de rythme, 1949-50), Catalog of birds (Catalogue dʻoiseaux, 7 notebooks, 1956-59 ); no 2 piano – Visions of Amen (Visions de l'Amen, 1943); no ka okana – Heavenly Communion (Le banquet celeste, 1928), hui okana, incl. Lā Kalikimaka (La nativite du Seigneur, 1935), Organ Album (Livre d'Orgue, 1951); no ka leo a me ka piano – Nā mele o ka honua a me ka lani (Chants de terre et de ciel, 1938), Haravi (1945), etc.

Nā puke haʻawina a me nā kuʻikahi: 20 mau haʻawina i nā solfeges hou, P., 1933; He iwakālua Haʻawina ma Harmony, P., 1939; ʻenehana o kaʻu ʻōlelo mele, c. 1-2, P., 1944; Treatise on Rhythm, v. 1-2, P., 1948.

Nā hana moʻokalaleo: Kūkākūkā o Brussels, P., 1960.