Moisey (Mechislav) Samuilovich Weinberg (Moisey Weinberg) |
Moisey Weinberg
Ua kaulana ka inoa o M. Weinberg ma ke ao mele. Ua kapa ʻo D. Shostakovich iā ia ʻo kekahi o nā haku mele koʻikoʻi o ko mākou manawa. He mea pena kiʻi o ke kālena nui a kumu, ka naʻauao hohonu, ʻo Weinberg i hahau me nā ʻano hoihoi like ʻole. I kēia lā, ʻo kāna hoʻoilina he 19 symphonies, 2 symphoniettes, 2 chamber symphonies, 7 opera, 4 operettas, 3 ballets, 17 string quartets, quintet, 5 instrumental concerto a me nā sonata he nui, nā mele no nā kiʻiʻoniʻoni a me nā kiʻi paʻi kiʻi, nā hana keaka ... poetry Shakespeare a me F. Schiller, M. Lermontov a me F. Tyutchev, A. Fet a me A. Blok hāʻawi i ka manaʻo o ka honua o ka haku mele mele lumi. Ua hoihoi ʻia ʻo Weinberg e nā mele a nā haku mele Soviet - A. Tvardovsky, S. Galkin, L. Kvitko. ʻO ka hohonu o ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i nā mele i ʻike piha ʻia i ka heluhelu mele ʻana i nā mele a ka haku mele o kēia manawa a me ka mea haku mele ʻo Y. Tuwim, nona nā kikokikona i hoʻokumu i ke kumu o ka Eighth ("Flowers of Poland"), ʻeiwa ("Surviving lines") nā symphonies, cantata Piotr Plaksin, nā pōkā leo. He nui nā kālena o ka mea haku mele - ma kāna mau hana ua piʻi ʻo ia i ke kiʻekiʻe o ka pōʻino a ma ka manawa like e hana i nā suites ʻaha mele nani, piha i ka ʻakaʻaka a me ka lokomaikaʻi, ka mele mele "Love d'Artagnan" a me ka ballet "The Golden Key". ʻO nā poʻe koa o kāna mau symphonies he mea hoʻonaʻauao, he mea kākau mele maʻalahi a mālie, he mea pena, e noʻonoʻo ana i ka hopena a me ke kumu o ke kiʻi, me ka huhū kū'ē kū'ē i ka misanthropy a me ka weliweli o ka fascism o nā tribunes.
Ma kāna kiʻi, ua loaʻa ʻo Weinberg i kahi ʻano kūikawā, ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia, ʻoiai e lawe ana i nā manaʻo hiʻohiʻona o nā mele hou (e huli i ka chambernization, neoclassicism, ʻimi i ke kahua o ka synthesis genre). He hohonu a koʻikoʻi kēlā me kēia o kāna mau hana, i hoʻoulu ʻia e nā hanana koʻikoʻi o ke kenekulia, nā manaʻo o kahi mea pena kiʻi a me ke kamaʻāina. Ua hānau ʻia ʻo Weinberg ma Warsaw i kahi haku mele hale kiʻiʻoniʻoni a me ka violinist. Ua hoʻomaka ke keikikāne e aʻo i ka mele i ka makahiki 10, a he mau mahina ma hope mai ua hoʻomaka ʻo ia ma ke ʻano he pianist-accompanist ma ke keaka a kona makuakāne. I ka makahiki 12 he haumāna ʻo Mieczysław ma ka Conservatory o Warsaw. No nā makahiki ʻewalu o ke aʻo ʻana (ua puka ʻo Weinberg mai ka conservatory i ka makahiki 1939, ma mua koke o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke kaua), ua ʻike maikaʻi ʻo ia i ka ʻoihana o ka piano (ma hope, e hoʻokani ka mea haku mele i kāna mau mele i nā ʻano ʻano like ʻole no ka manawa mua) . I loko o kēia wā, hoʻomaka ka hoʻoholo ʻana i nā alakaʻi noʻeau o ka mea haku mele e hiki mai ana. Ma nā ʻano he nui, ua hoʻoikaika ʻia kēia e ke ola moʻomeheu o Warsaw, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā hana a ka Philharmonic Society, ka mea i hoʻoikaika ikaika i nā Classic European Western. ʻO nā manaʻo hohonu loa i hana ʻia e nā mea mele koʻikoʻi e like me A. Rubinstein, S. Rachmaninov, P. Casals, F. Kreisler, O. Klemperer, B. Walter.
Ua hoʻololi nui ke kaua i ke ola o ka haku mele. Ua make ka ʻohana holoʻokoʻa, ʻo ia iho, i waena o ka poʻe mahuka, ua koi ʻia e haʻalele iā Polani. Ua lilo ka Soviet Union i hale lua o Weinberg. Ua nohoʻo ia ma Minsk, komo i ka conservatory ma ka papa haku mele ma ka papa o V. Zolotarev, a ua pukaʻo ia i ka makahiki 1941. ʻO nā hopena hana o kēia mau makahiki,ʻo ia ka Symphonic Poem, ka Quartet Lua, nā'āpana piano. Akā, hoʻomaka hou nā hanana pūʻali koa weliweli i ke ola o kahi mea hoʻokani mele - lilo ʻo ia i mea hōʻike i ka luku weliweli ʻana o ka ʻāina Soviet. Ua hoʻokuʻu ʻia ʻo Weinberg i Tashkent, hele e hana ma ka Opera a me Ballet Theatre. Ma ʻaneʻi ua kākau ʻo ia i ka Symphony Mua, i koho ʻia e pāʻani i kahi kūlana kūikawā i ka hopena o ka mea haku mele. I ka makahiki 1943, ua ho'ouna'o Weinberg i ka helu iā Shostakovich, me ka mana'o e loa'a kona mana'o. ʻO ka pane he kelepona aupuni i hoʻonohonoho ʻia e Dmitry Dmitrievich iā Moscow. Mai ia manawa, noho ʻo Weinberg a hana ma Moscow, mai ia makahiki ua hoʻopili ʻia nā mea hoʻokani mele ʻelua e kahi hoaaloha ikaika a ʻoiaʻiʻo. Ua hōʻike mau ʻo Weinberg iā Shostakovich i kāna mau mele a pau. ʻO ka pālākiō a me ka hohonu o nā manaʻo, hoʻopiʻi i nā kumumanaʻo o ka lehulehu ākea, ka ʻike noʻonoʻo o nā kumumanaʻo mau loa e like me ke ola a me ka make, ka nani, ke aloha - ua like kēia mau ʻano o nā mele a Shostakovich i nā alakaʻi hana a Weinberg a loaʻa kahi kumu kumu. hoʻokō i kāna mau hana.
ʻO ke kumuhana nui o ka hana a Weinberg, ʻo ia ke kaua, ka make a me ka luku ʻana ma ke ʻano he hōʻailona o ka hewa. ʻO ke ola ponoʻī, ʻo ka pōʻino o ka hopena i koi ai i ka mea haku mele e kākau e pili ana i nā hanana weliweli o ke kaua i hala, e huli "i ka hoʻomanaʻo, a no laila i ka lunamanaʻo o kēlā me kēia o mākou." Ua hele ma ka noʻonoʻo a me ka ʻuhane o ka meʻe lyrical (ma hope o ka mea kākau iā ia iho - he kanaka kupaianaha ʻuhane, haʻahaʻa, haʻahaʻa kūlohelohe), ua loaʻa nā hanana pōʻino i kahi kikoʻī, lyric-philosophical connotation. A ʻo ia ke ʻano kū hoʻokahi o nā mele a ka haku mele.
ʻO ke kumumanaʻo o ke kaua i ʻike ʻia i loko o ke kolu (1949), ʻeono (1962), ʻewalu (1964), ʻeiwa (1967) symphonies, i ka trilogy symphonic Crossing the Threshold of War (ʻumikūmāhiku - 1984, ʻumikūmāwalu - 1984, ʻumikūmāiwa - 1985); ma ka cantata "Diary of Love", i hoʻolaʻa ʻia no ka hoʻomanaʻo ʻana i nā keiki i make ma Auschwitz (1965); ma Requiem (1965); ma ka opera The Passenger (1968), Madonna and the Soldier (1970), ma kekahi mau quartets. “Ua kākau ʻia ke mele me ke koko o ka puʻuwai. He ʻōlinolino a me ke kiʻi, ʻaʻohe hoʻokahi "mea ʻole", ʻike ʻole i loko. ʻIke ʻia a hoʻomaopopo ʻia nā mea a pau e ka haku mele, hōʻike ʻia nā mea a pau me ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, me ke aloha. ʻIke wau he himeni ia i ke kanaka, he himeni o ka hui like ʻana o nā kānaka e kūʻē i ka hewa weliweli loa o ka honua - fascism, "ʻo kēia mau ʻōlelo a Shostakovich, e pili ana i ka opera "Passenger", hiki ke kuhikuhi ʻia i ka hana holoʻokoʻa a Weinberg. , hōʻike pololei lākou i ke ʻano o kāna mau haku mele. .
ʻO kahi pae kūikawā ma ka hana a Weinberg ke kumuhana o ka wā kamaliʻi. Hoʻokomo ʻia i loko o nā ʻano ʻano like ʻole, ua lilo ia i hōʻailona o ka maʻemaʻe pono, ka ʻoiaʻiʻo a me ka maikaʻi, ke ʻano o ke kanaka, ke ʻano o nā mele a ka mea haku mele. Hoʻopili ʻia ke kumumanaʻo o ke kiʻi ma ke ʻano he mea lawe i ka manaʻo o ke ola mau loa o ka moʻomeheu āpau a me nā waiwai pono, mea nui no ka mea kākau. Hōʻike ʻia ke ʻano kiʻi a me ka manaʻo o ke mele a Weinberg i nā hiʻohiʻona kikoʻī o ke mele, timbre dramaturgy, a me ke kākau mele. Ua ulu ke ʻano melodic ma muli o nā mele e pili ana i ka moʻolelo. ʻO ka hoihoi i ka puke wehewehe ʻōlelo intonational o nā mele Slavic a me nā mele Iudaio, i hōʻike ikaika ʻia i ka manawa o 40-50s. (I kēia manawa, kākau ʻo Weinberg i nā suites symphonic: "Rhapsody on Moldavian Themes", "Polish Melodies", "Rhapsody on Slavic Themes", "Moldavian Rhapsody for Violin and Orchestra"), pili i ka mele mele o nā haku mele a pau. ʻO ke kumu o ka hoʻokumu ʻana, ʻo ia hoʻi ka Iudaio a me ka Polani, i hoʻoholo i ka papale timbre o nā hana. ʻO Dramaturgically, nā kumuhana koʻikoʻi loa - nā mea lawe i ka manaʻo nui o ka hana - ua hāʻawi ʻia i nā mea kani punahele - violins a i ʻole nā ʻohe a me nā clarinets. Hōʻike ʻia ke kākau mele a Weinberg e ka linearity akaka i hui pū ʻia me ka pilina. ʻO ka lua (1945), ka ʻehiku (1964), ka ʻumi (1968), nā symphonies, ka Symphonietta ʻelua (1960), ʻelua symphonies keʻena (1986, 1987) i kākau ʻia no ka haku mele.
ʻO 80s i hōʻailona ʻia e ka hana ʻana i kekahi mau hana koʻikoʻi, e hōʻike ana i ka pua piha o ke talena ikaika o ka haku mele. He hōʻailona ia o ka hana hope loa a Weinberg, ʻo ka opera The Idiot i hoʻokumu ʻia ma ka moʻolelo a F. Dostoevsky, he mea hoʻopiʻi i kahi haku mele nona ka hana nui ("e hōʻike ana i kahi kanaka maikaʻi maikaʻi, e ʻimi ana i kahi kūpono") pili loa me ka manaʻo o ka hana holoʻokoʻa a ka haku mele. ʻO kēlā me kēia o kāna mau hana hou he hoʻopiʻi hoihoi i ka poʻe, ma hope o kēlā me kēia manaʻo mele aia mau ke kanaka "manaʻo, noʻonoʻo, hanu, ʻeha".
O. Dashevskaya
