Willem Mengelberg (Mengelberg, Willem) |
Mengelberg, Willem
Ke alakaʻi alakaʻi Dutch no ke kumu Kelemānia. Hiki ke kapa ʻia ʻo Willem Mengelberg ka mea nāna i hoʻokumu i ke kula hoʻokele Dutch, a me ka hana orchestral. No ka hapalua o ke kenekulia, pili loa kona inoa me ka Concertgebouw Orchestra ma Amsterdam, ka hui i alakaʻi ʻia e ia mai 1895 a 1945. ʻO Mengelberg ka mea i hoʻohuli i kēia hui (i hoʻokumu ʻia i ka makahiki 1888) i hoʻokahi o nā orkestra maikaʻi loa ma ka honua.
Ua hele mai ʻo Mengelberg i ka Concertgebouw orchestra, ua loaʻa iā ia kekahi ʻike ma ke ʻano he alakaʻi. Ma hope o kona puka 'ana mai ka Cologne Conservatory ma ka piano a me ke alaka'i 'ana, ua ho'omaka 'o ia i kāna 'oihana ma ke 'ano he alaka'i mele ma Lucerne (1891 - 1894). I kona mau makahiki ma laila, ua huki ʻo ia i ka manaʻo iā ia iho ma o ka hoʻokani ʻana i kekahi mau oratorio liʻiliʻi, ʻaʻole i hoʻokomo ʻia i loko o ka papahana a me nā alakaʻi hanohano. Ua uku ʻia ka wiwo ʻole a me ke kālena o ke alakaʻi ʻōpio: ua loaʻa iā ia kahi makana hanohano e lawe i ke poʻo o ka Concertgebouw orchestra. He iwakāluakūmāhā wale nō ʻo ia i kēlā manawa.
Mai nā ʻanuʻu mua loa, ua hoʻomaka ke kālena o ka mea pena kiʻi e ulu. Ua ʻoi aku ka ikaika a ʻoi aku ka ikaika o ka holomua o ka ʻaha mele i kēlā me kēia makahiki. Eia kekahi, ua hoʻomaka ʻo Mengelberg e hana i nā huakaʻi kūʻokoʻa, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka laulā a ua uhi koke i ka honua holoʻokoʻa. I ka makahiki 1905, ua alakaʻi ʻo ia no ka manawa mua ma ʻAmelika, kahi ma hope - mai 1921 a 1930 - ua huakaʻi ʻo ia i kēlā me kēia makahiki me ka lanakila nui, e hoʻokani ana me ka National Philharmonic Orchestra ma New York no kekahi mau mahina i ka lālani. I ka makahiki 1910, ua hana mua ʻo ia i ka La Scala, e pani ana iā Arturo Toscanini. I kēlā mau makahiki hoʻokahi, ua hoʻokani ʻo ia ma Roma, Berlin, Vienna, St. Petersburg, Moscow ... Mai 1907 a i 1920 ʻo ia hoʻi ke alakaʻi mau o ka Hale Hōʻikeʻike Concerts ma Frankfurt a, ʻo ia hoʻi, i nā makahiki like ʻole i alakaʻi i ka Royal Philharmonic Orchestra ma Lākana.
Mai ia manawa a hiki i kona make ʻana, ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo Mengelberg kekahi o nā alakaʻi maikaʻi loa o kona manawa. ʻO nā mea kiʻekiʻe loa o ka mea pena kiʻi i pili i ka wehewehe ʻana i nā hana a nā haku mele o ka hopena o XIX - i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke kenekulia XX: Tchaikovsky, Brahms, Richard Strauss, nāna i hoʻolaʻa i kāna "Life of a Hero" iā ia, a ʻo ia hoʻi ʻo Mahler. Nui nā leo i hana ʻia e Mengelberg i nā makahiki kanakolu i mālama i ke akamai o kēia alakaʻi. Me kā lākou hemahema ʻenehana āpau, hāʻawi lākou i ka manaʻo o ka mana kupaianaha nui, ke ʻano indomitable, ka nui a me ka hohonu o kāna hana i hōʻailona mau ʻia e. ʻO ko Mengelberg, no kona ʻano kumu, ʻaʻohe palena ʻāina - ua hoʻouna ʻia ke mele o nā lāhui like ʻole iā lākou me ka ʻoiaʻiʻo kakaʻikahi, ka ʻike maoli i ke ʻano a me ka ʻuhane. Hiki i kekahi ke hoʻomaopopo i kēia ma ka ʻike ʻana, ʻo ia hoʻi, me kahi moʻolelo o nā moʻolelo i hoʻokuʻu ʻia e Philips ma lalo o ke poʻo inoa "Historical Recordings of V. Mengelberg". Loaʻa iā ia nā hoʻopaʻa leo o nā symphonies a pau a Beethoven, ka First Symphony a me ka German Requiem na Brahms, nā mele hope ʻelua a me nā mele no Schubert's Rosamund, ʻehā o nā symphonies a Mozart, ka symphony Franck a me Strauss's Don Giovanni. Hōʻike pū kēia mau hoʻopaʻa leo i nā hiʻohiʻona maikaʻi loa i kaulana ai ka Concertgebouw Orchestra i kēia manawa - ka piha a me ka mahanahana o ke kani, ka ikaika o nā mea kani makani a me ka hōʻike ʻana o nā kaula - ua hoʻomohala ʻia i ka wā o Mengelberg.
L. Grigoriev, J. Platek
