Antonio Salieri |

Antonio Salieri

Salieri. Allegro

ʻO Salieri ... he haku mele nui, ka haʻaheo o ke kula ʻo Gluck, nāna i hāpai i ke ʻano o ka maestro nui, ua loaʻa mai ke ʻano i ka manaʻo hoʻomaʻemaʻe, ka noʻonoʻo maʻemaʻe, ke kālena koʻikoʻi a me ka momona ʻokoʻa. P. Beaumarchais

ʻO ka haku mele Italia, kumu a me ke alakaʻi ʻo A. Salieri kekahi o nā kiʻi kaulana loa i ka moʻomeheu mele ʻEulopa i ka manawa o nā kenekulia XNUMXth-XNUMXth. Ma keʻano he mea pena kiʻi, ua māheleʻo ia i ka hopena o kēlā mau haku kaulana i kona manawa, nona ka hana, me ka hoʻomakaʻana o kahi au hou, ua neʻe i ke aka o ka mōʻaukala. Ua ʻike ka poʻe noiʻi ua ʻoi aku ka kaulana o Salieri ma mua o ko WA Mozart, a ma ke ʻano opera-seria ua hoʻokō ʻo ia i kahi pae maikaʻi e kau ai i kāna mau hana maikaʻi ma mua o ka hapa nui o kāna mau keaka o kēia wā.

Ua aʻo ʻo Salieri i ka violin me kona kaikunāne ʻo Francesco, ka harpsichord me ka mea hoʻokani pila o ka hale pule ʻo J. Simoni. Mai ka makahiki 1765, ua hīmeni ʻo ia ma ka papa mele o St.

Mai ka makahiki 1766 a hiki i ka pau ana o kona mau la, ua pili ka hana hana a Salieri me Vienna. I ka hoʻomaka ʻana i kāna lawelawe ma ke ʻano he harpsichordist-accompanist o ka hale opera hale hoʻokolokolo, ua hana ʻo Salieri i kahi hana dizzying i ka manawa pōkole. I ka makahiki 1774, ʻo ia ka mea kākau o 10 mau keaka, ua lilo ʻo ia i haku mele a me ke alakaʻi o ka hui opera Italia ma Vienna.

ʻO "mea punahele mele" a Joseph II Salieri no ka manawa lōʻihi i waenakonu o ke ola mele o ke kapikala Austrian. ʻAʻole wale ʻo ia i hoʻokani a alakaʻi i nā hana, akā ua hoʻokele pū ʻo ia i ka papa himeni o ke aloaliʻi. ʻO kāna mau hana ka mālama ʻana i ka hoʻonaʻauao mele ma nā kula hoʻonaʻauao mokuʻāina ma Vienna. No nā makahiki he nui, ua alakaʻi ʻo Salieri i ka Society of Musicians a me ka waihona penikala no nā wahine kāne make a me nā keiki makua ʻole o nā mea hoʻokani mele Viennese. Mai ka makahiki 1813, ua alakaʻi ka mea haku mele i ke kula mele o ka Vienna Society of Friends of Music a ʻo ia ke alakaʻi mua o ka Vienna Conservatory, i hoʻokumu ʻia e kēia hui ma 1817.

ʻO kahi mokuna nui i ka moʻolelo o ka hale opera Austrian e pili ana me ka inoa ʻo Salieri, ua hana nui ʻo ia no ka hana mele a me ke keaka o Italia, a ua hāʻawi i kahi haʻawina i ke ola mele o Paris. Me ka opera mua "Educated Women" (1770), ua kaulana ka mea haku mele. Ua hahai ʻo Armida (1771), Venetian Fair (1772), The Stolen Tub (1772), The Innkeeper (1773) a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. Ua kauoha nā hale kiʻiʻoniʻoni Italia nui loa i nā opera i ko lākou hoa aloha kaulana. No Munich, kākau ʻo Salieri iā "Semiramide" (1782). ʻO ke kula no ka lili (1778) ma hope o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o Venice i hele a puni nā hale keaka o nā poʻokela ʻEulopa a pau, me ka hoʻokani ʻia ma Moscow a me St. Ua hoʻokipa maikaʻi ʻia nā opera a Salieri ma Paris. ʻO ka holomua o ka premiere o "Tarara" (libre. P. Beaumarchais) iʻoi aku ma mua o nā manaʻo a pau. Ua kākau ʻo Beaumarchais i ka hoʻolaʻa ʻana i ka kikokikona o ka opera i ka mea haku mele: "Inā kūleʻa kā mākou hana, e koi ʻia wau iā ʻoe wale nō. A ʻoiai ʻo kou ʻano haʻahaʻa e ʻōlelo ai ʻoe i nā wahi a pau ʻo ʻoe wale nō kaʻu haku mele, haʻaheo wau ʻo wau kou haku mele, kāu kauā a me kou hoaaloha. ʻO nā kākoʻo o Beaumarchais i ka loiloi ʻana i ka hana a Salieri ʻo KV Gluck. V. Boguslavsky, K. Kreuzer, G. Berlioz, G. Rossini, F. Schubert a me na mea e ae.

I loko o ka manawa o ka hakakā ideological koʻikoʻi ma waena o nā mea hana kiʻi holomua o ka Enlightenment a me nā mea noiʻi no ka opera Italia maʻamau, ua hilinaʻi ʻo Salieri me nā lanakila hou o Gluck. I kona mau makahiki makua, ua hoʻomaikaʻi ʻo Salieri i kāna haku mele, a ua koho ʻo Gluck i ka maestro Italia ma waena o kāna poʻe hahai. ʻO ka mana o ka mea hoʻoponopono opera nui i ka hana a Salieri i hōʻike maopopo ʻia ma ka moʻolelo mele mele ʻo Danaides, ka mea i hoʻoikaika i ka kaulana ʻEulopa o ka mea haku mele.

He mea haku mele kaulana ʻEulopa, ua hauʻoli ʻo Salieri i ka hanohano nui ma ke ʻano he kumu. Ua aʻo ʻo ia ma luna o 60 mau mea hoʻokani pila. ʻO L. Beethoven, F. Schubert, J. Hummel, FKW Mozart (ke keiki a WA Mozart), ʻo I. Moscheles, F. Liszt a me nā haku ʻē aʻe i hele ma kāna kula. Na ka poe himeni K. Cavalieri, A. Milder-Hauptman, F. Franchetti, MA a me T. Gasman i lawe i na haawina himeni mai Salieri mai.

ʻO kekahi ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe o kā Salieri talent e pili ana i kāna mau hana alakaʻi. Ma lalo o ke alakaʻi ʻana a ka mea haku mele, ua hoʻokani ʻia he helu nui o nā opera, choral a me orchestral a nā haku kahiko a me nā haku haku o kēia wā. Ua pili ka inoa o Salieri me ka moolelo o ka make o Mozart. Eia naʻe, ma ka mōʻaukala ʻaʻole i hōʻoia ʻia kēia ʻoiaʻiʻo. Kūʻē nā manaʻo e pili ana iā Salieri ma ke ʻano he kanaka. Ma waena o nā mea ʻē aʻe, ua ʻike ka poʻe contemporaries a me nā mea kākau moʻolelo i ka makana diplomatic nui a ka mea haku mele, kapa ʻia ʻo ia ʻo "Talleyrand in music." Eia naʻe, ma waho aʻe o kēia, ua ʻike ʻia ʻo Salieri e ka lokomaikaʻi a me ka mākaukau mau no nā hana maikaʻi. I ka waena o ke kenekulia XX. Ua hoʻomaka ka hoihoi i ka hana opera a ka haku mele. Ua ho'ōla hou ʻia kekahi o kāna mau keaka ma nā ʻano hana keaka ma ʻEulopa a me ʻAmelika.

I. Vetlitsyna