Muzio Clementi (Muzio Clementi) |

Muzio Clementi

Clements. Sonatina ma C nui, Op. 36 Helu 1 Andante

ʻO Muzio Clementi - ka mea haku mele o hoʻokahi haneri a me kanaono sonata, he nui nā ʻāpana a me nā ʻāpana piano, nā symphonies a me nā haʻawina kaulana ʻo "Gradus ad Parnassum", i hānau ʻia ma Roma i ka makahiki 1752, i loko o ka ʻohana o kahi mea kūʻai aku, he mea aloha i ke mele, nāna i hana. ʻaʻohe mea e hāʻawi i kāna keiki i ka hoʻonaʻauao mele paʻa. No nā makahiki ʻeono, ua hīmeni ʻo Muzio mai nā memo, a ua kōkua ke kālena waiwai o ke keiki i kāna mau kumu - ka mea hoʻokani ʻo Cardicelli, ka counterpointist Cartini a me ka mea mele ʻo Santorelli, e hoʻomākaukau i kahi keikikāne ʻeiwa makahiki no ka hoʻokūkū hoʻokūkū no kahi o he mea hookani okana. I ka makahiki 14, ua hele ʻo Clementi i ʻEnelani me kāna kahu, ʻo ka Pelekane ʻo Bedford. ʻO ka hopena o kēia huakaʻi, he kono ia i ke kālena ʻōpio e pani i kahi o ka mea hoʻokani pila o ka opera Italia ma Lākana. Ke hoʻomau nei i ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka hoʻokani piano, ua ʻike ʻia ʻo Clementi ma ke ʻano he virtuoso maikaʻi loa a ʻo ke kumu piano maikaʻi loa.

I ka makahiki 1781 ua hoʻomaka ʻo ia i kāna huakaʻi noʻeau mua ma ʻEulopa. Ma o Strasbourg a me Munich, ua hōʻea ʻo ia i Vienna, kahi i kokoke ai iā Mozart a me Haydn. Eia ma Vienna, ua hoʻokūkū ʻia ka hoʻokūkū ma waena o Clementi a me Mozart. Ua hoʻāla ka hanana i ka hoihoi nui i waena o nā mea aloha mele Viennese.

ʻO ka holomua o ka huakaʻi ʻahamele i kōkua i nā hana hou a Clementi ma kēia kahua, a i ka makahiki 1785 ua hele ʻo ia i Paris a lanakila i nā Parisians me kāna pāʻani.

Mai ka makahiki 1785 a hiki i ka makahiki 1802, ua ho'ōki 'o Clementi i nā hana 'aha mele lehulehu a ua hana 'o ia i nā hana a'o a haku mele. Eia kekahi, i loko o kēia mau makahiki ʻehiku, ua hoʻokumu ʻo ia a ua hui pū ʻo ia i kekahi mau hale paʻi mele a me nā hale hana mea kani.

I ka makahiki 1802, ua hana ʻo Clementi, me kāna haumāna Field, i ka lua o ka huakaʻi noʻeau nui ma Paris a me Vienna a hiki i St. Petersburg. Ma nā wahi a pau, ʻae ʻia lākou me ka hoihoi. Noho ʻo Field ma St. Petersburg, a hui pū ʻo Zeiner iā Clementi ma kona wahi; ma Berlin a me Dresden ua hui pū ʻia lākou e Berger a me Klengel. Ma ʻaneʻi, ma Berlin, male ʻo Clementi, akā nalo koke kāna wahine ʻōpio a, i mea e hoʻopau ai i kona kaumaha, hoʻi ʻo ia i St. Petersburg me kāna mau haumāna ʻo Berger lāua ʻo Klengel. I ka makahiki 1810, ma Vienna a me Italia a pau, ua hoʻi ʻo Clementi i Lākana. Maanei i ka makahiki 1811 ua mare hou oia, a hiki i ka pau ana o kona mau la, aole oia i haalele ia Enelani, koe wale no ka hooilo o ka makahiki 1820, i noho ai ma Leipzig.

ʻAʻole mae ka hanohano mele o ka mea haku mele. Ua hoʻokumu ʻo ia i ka Philharmonic Society ma Lākana a alakaʻi i nā symphony orchestras, e hana nui ana i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka hana piano.

Ua kapa ʻia ʻo Clementi "ka makuakāne o nā mele piano". ʻO ka mea hoʻokumu a me ke poʻo o ka mea i kapa ʻia ʻo London kula o ka piano, he virtuoso maikaʻi ʻo ia, e kū nei me ke kūʻokoʻa a me ka lokomaikaʻi o ka pāʻani ʻana, ka mālamalama o ka ʻenehana manamana lima. Ua hānai ʻo Clementi i kona manawa i kahi galaxy holoʻokoʻa o nā haumāna kupaianaha, nāna i hoʻoholo nui i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka hana piano no nā makahiki he nui e hiki mai ana. Ua hōʻuluʻulu ka mea haku mele i kāna ʻike hoʻokani a me ka hoʻonaʻauao ma ka hana kūʻokoʻa "Methods of Playing the Piano", ʻo ia kekahi o nā mea kōkua mele maikaʻi loa o kona manawa. Akā i kēia manawa, ʻike nā haumāna a pau o ke kula mele hou; i mea e hoʻomohala pono ai i ke ʻano o ka hoʻokani piano, pono wale nō e pāʻani i nā etudes a Clementi.

Ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻopuka, hoʻopuka ʻo Clementi i nā hana a nā mea he nui o kona mau hoa. No ka manawa mua ma ʻEnelani, ua paʻi ʻia kekahi mau hana a Beethoven. Eia kekahi, ua paʻi ʻo ia i nā hana a nā haku haku o ke kenekulia 1823 (ma kāna hoʻololi ponoʻī). I ka makahiki 1832, ua komo ʻo Clementi i ka hōʻuluʻulu ʻana a me ka hoʻolaha ʻana o ka encyclopedia mele nui mua. Ua make ʻo Muzio Clementi ma Lākana i XNUMX, a waiho i kahi waiwai nui. Ua haʻalele ʻo ia iā mākou i kāna mau mele kupaianaha a akamai.

ʻO Viktor Kashirnikov