Gian Carlo Menotti |
Contents
Gian Carlo Menotti
ʻO ka hana a G. Menotti kekahi o nā mea kaulana loa i ka opera ʻAmelika o nā makahiki ma hope o ke kaua. ʻAʻole hiki ke kapa ʻia kēia haku mele he mea ʻike i nā honua mele hou, aia kona ikaika i ka hiki ke manaʻo i nā mea e pono ai kēia a i ʻole kēlā manaʻo no ke mele a, ʻo ka mea nui paha, pehea e ʻike ʻia ai kēia mele e nā kānaka. Ua haku ʻo Menotti i ke akamai o ka hale keaka holoʻokoʻa: kākau mau ʻo ia i ka libretto o kāna mau keaka ponoʻī, hoʻonoho pinepine iā lākou ma ke ʻano he alakaʻi a alakaʻi i ka hana ma ke ʻano he alakaʻi akamai.
Ua hānau ʻia ʻo Menotti ma Italia (ʻo ia ʻo Italia ma ka lāhui). He kanaka pāʻoihana kona makuakāne a ʻo kona makuahine he pianist amateur. I ka makahiki 10, ua kākau ke keikikāne i kahi opera, a i ka makahiki 12 ua komo ʻo ia i ka Conservatory Milan (kahi āna i aʻo ai mai 1923 a 1927). ʻO ke ola hou aʻe o Menotti (mai ka makahiki 1928) ua pili pū me ʻAmelika, ʻoiai ua paʻa ka mea haku mele i ka lāhui Italia no ka manawa lōʻihi.
Mai 1928 a 1933 ua hoʻomaikaʻi ʻo ia i kāna ʻenehana haku mele ma lalo o ke alakaʻi ʻana a R. Scalero ma ka Curtis Institute of Music ma Philadelphia. Ma loko o kona mau pā, ua ulu ka pilina pili me S. Barber, ma hope mai he haku mele kaulana ʻAmelika (ʻo Menotti ka mea kākau o ka libretto o kekahi o nā keaka a Barber). ʻO ka manawa pinepine, i ka wā hoʻomaha kauwela, hele pū nā hoaaloha i ʻEulopa, e kipa ana i nā hale opera ma Vienna a me Italia. I ka makahiki 1941, hele hou mai ʻo Menotti i ka Curtis Institute - i kēia manawa ma ke ʻano he kumu o ka haku mele a me ke ʻano o ka dramaturgy mele. ʻAʻole i hoʻopau ʻia ka pilina me ke ola mele o Italia, kahi i hoʻonohonoho ai ʻo Menotti ma 1958 i ka "Festival of Two Worlds" (ma Spoleto) no nā mele mele ʻAmelika a me Italia.
Ua hoʻomaka ʻo Menotti ma ke ʻano he haku mele i ka makahiki 1936 me ka opera ʻo Amelia Goes to the Ball. Ua kākau mua ʻia ma ke ʻano o ka buffa opera Italia a unuhi ʻia i ka ʻōlelo Pelekania. Ua alakaʻi ʻia kahi hoʻomaka kūleʻa i kahi komisina ʻē aʻe, i kēia manawa mai NBC, no ka lekiō ʻo The Old Maid and the Thief (1938). Ma hope o ka hoʻomaka ʻana i kāna ʻoihana ma ke ʻano he haku mele mele me nā manaʻo o kahi hoʻolālā anecdotal leʻaleʻa, ua huli koke ʻo Menotti i nā kumumanaʻo. ʻOiaʻiʻo, ʻaʻole i kūleʻa kāna hoʻāʻo mua o kēia ʻano (ka opera The God of the Island, 1942). Akā i ka makahiki 1946, ua puka mai ka opera-tragedy Medium (he mau makahiki ma hope mai ua pa'i 'ia a lanakila i ka makana ma ka Cannes Film Festival).
A ʻo ka hope loa, i ka makahiki 1950, ʻo ka hana maikaʻi loa a Menotti, ʻo ke keaka mele ʻo The Consul, kāna mua "nui" opera, ʻike i ka mālamalama o ka lā. Hana ʻia kāna hana i ko mākou manawa ma kekahi o nā ʻāina ʻEulopa. ʻO ka mana ʻole, ka loneliness a me ka pale ʻole i ke alo o ka ʻoihana ʻoihana ikaika loa e alakaʻi i ka heroine i ka pepehi kanaka. ʻO ka paʻakikī o ka hana, ka piha o ka naʻau o nā mele, ka maʻalahi a me ka hiki ʻana o ka ʻōlelo mele e hoʻokokoke i kēia opera i ka hana a nā Italia nui hope loa (G. Verdi, G. Puccini) a me nā haku mele verist (R. Leoncavallo. , P. Mascagni). Ua ʻike pū ʻia ka mana o ka mele mele a M. Mussorgsky, a ʻo ke kani ʻana o ka jazz ma ʻō a ma ʻaneʻi e hōʻike ana no ko kākou kenekulia. ʻO ka eclecticism o ka opera (ka ʻano like ʻole o kona ʻano) ua hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻia e ka manaʻo maikaʻi loa o ka hale kiʻiʻoniʻoni (mau ʻia ma Menotti) a me ka hoʻohana waiwai ʻana o nā ʻano hōʻike: ʻo ka orchestra i kāna mau keaka ua hoʻololi ʻia e kahi hui o nā mea he nui. mea kani. Ma muli o ke kumumanaʻo politika, ua loaʻa i ke Kanikela ke kaulana kaulana: holo ʻo ia ma Broadway 8 manawa i ka pule, ua hoʻokumu ʻia ma 20 mau ʻāina o ka honua (me ka USSR), a ua unuhi ʻia i 12 mau ʻōlelo.
Ua huli hou ka mea haku mele i ka pōʻino o ka poʻe maʻamau i ka opera The Saint of Bleecker Street (1954) a me Maria Golovina (1958).
Hana ʻia ka hana o ka opera The Most Important Man (1971) ma ka ʻaoʻao hema o ʻApelika, ʻo kona koa, he kanaka ʻepekema ʻōpio Negro, make ma ka lima o nā racists. ʻO ka opera Tamu-Tamu (1972), ʻo ia hoʻi ma ka ʻōlelo Indonesia ʻo ia hoʻi nā malihini, i pau me ka make ʻino. Ua kākau ʻia kēia opera ma ke kauoha a nā mea hoʻonohonoho o ka International Congress of Anthropologists and Ethnologists.
Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole hoʻopau ke kumuhana pōʻino i ka hana a Menotti. Ma hope koke iho o ka opera "Medium", i ka makahiki 1947, ua ho'okumu'ia kahi mele le'ale'a "Telephone". He opera pōkole loa kēia, ʻekolu wale nō mea keaka: ʻO ia, ʻo ia a me ke kelepona. Ma keʻano laulā, ʻokoʻa nā ʻāpana o nā keaka a Menotti.
Ua kākau ʻia ka teleopera "Amal and the Night Guests" (1951) ma muli o ke kiʻi pena a I. Bosch "The Adoration of the Magi" (ua ulu ka moʻomeheu o kāna hōʻike makahiki i ka Kalikimaka). ʻO ke mele o kēia opera he mea maʻalahi loa ia e hiki ke hoʻolālā ʻia no ka hana amateur.
Ma kahi o ka opera, kāna ʻano nui, kākau ʻo Menotti i 3 ballets (me ka comic ballet-madrigal Unicorn, Gorgon a me Manticore, i hana ʻia ma ka ʻuhane o nā hana Renaissance), ka cantata Death of a Bishop on Brindisi (1963), kahi mele symphonic. no ka orchestra "Apocalypse" (1951), concertos no ka piano (1945), violin (1952) me ka orchestra a me Triple Concerto no ekolu mea hookani (1970), keena hui, Ehiku mele ma ka kikokikona ponoi no ka mea hoolea kaulana E. Schwarzkopf. ʻO ka nānā ʻana i ke kanaka, i ke mele mele kūlohelohe, ʻo ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā kūlana keaka kupaianaha i hiki iā Menotti ke noho i kahi kūlana i nā mele ʻAmelika hou.
K. Zenkin
Nā haku mele:
kahawai – ʻO ke kaikamahine kahiko a me ka ʻaihue (The old maid and the thief, 1st ed. for radio, 1939; 1941, Philadelphia), Island God (The island God, 1942, New York), Medium (The medium, 1946, New York ), Kelepona (The telephone, New York, 1947), Consul (The consul, 1950, New York, Pulitzer Ave.), Amal and the night visits (Amahl and the night visitors, teleopera, 1951), Holy with Bleecker Street ( ʻO ke alanui ʻo Bleecker, 1954, New York), Maria Golovina (1958, Brussels, International Exhibition), ʻO ka mea ʻino hope loa (The last savage, 1963), televise opera Labyrinth (Labyrinth, 1963), ʻo Martin's lie ( Martin's lie, 1964 , Bath, England), The most important man (The most important man, New York, 1971); baleta – Sebastian (1943), Huakai i ka maze (Errand into the maze, 1947, New York), ballet-madrigal Unicorn, Gorgon and Manticore (The unicorn, the Gorgon and the Manticore, 1956, Washington); cantata — Ka make ana o ka Bihopa o Brindisi (1963); no ka hookani pila – symphonic poem Apocalypse (Apocalypse, 1951); nā ʻahamele me ka hoʻokani pila – piano (1945), violin (1952); 'aha mele 'ekolu no 3 mea ho'okani (1970); He kahuna pule no ka piano a me ka hookani pila (1933); lumi hoʻokani pila — 4 apana no na kaula. quartet (1936), Trio for a house party (Trio for a house-warming party; for flute, vlch., fp., 1936); no ka piano – ka pōʻai no nā keiki “Little Poems for Maria Rosa” (Poemetti per Maria Rosa).
palapala palapala: ʻAʻole wau i manaʻoʻiʻo i ka avant-gardism, "MF", 1964, No 4, p. 16.
