Jean Martinon (Martinon, Jean) |

Martinon, Jean

ʻO ka inoa o kēia mea pena kiʻi i ka manaʻo nui wale nō i nā makahiki kanaono, i ka wā i alakaʻi ai ʻo ia i kekahi o nā orkestra maikaʻi loa ma ka honua - ʻo Chicago Symphony, i lilo i pani no ka Fritz Reiner i make. Akā naʻe, ua loaʻa iā Martinon, ka mea i kēia manawa he kanalima makahiki, ua loaʻa iā ia ka ʻike nui ma ke ʻano he alakaʻi, a ua kōkua kēia iā ia e hōʻoia i ka hilinaʻi i kau ʻia iā ia. I kēia manawa ua kapa ʻia ʻo ia i waena o nā alakaʻi alakaʻi o ko mākou manawa.

He kanaka Palani ʻo Martinon ma ka hānau ʻana, ʻo kona wā liʻiliʻi a me kona ʻōpio i lilo i Lyon. A laila, puka 'o ia mai ka Paris Conservatory - mua ma ke 'ano he violinist (ma 1928), a ma ke ano he haku mele (ma ka papa o A. Roussel). Ma mua o ke kaua, ua hana nui ʻo Martinon i ka haku mele, a ʻo ia hoʻi, no ka loaʻa kālā mai ka makahiki he ʻumikūmāhiku, hoʻokani ʻo ia i ka violin i kahi symphony orchestra. I loko o nā makahiki o ka noho ʻana o ka Nazi, ua komo ka mea hoʻokani pila i ka neʻe ʻana o Resistance, ua noho ʻo ia ma kahi o ʻelua mau makahiki ma nā hale paʻahao Nazi.

Ua hoʻomaka ka ʻoihana alakaʻi a Martinon ma kahi pōʻino, ma hope koke o ke kaua. Ua hoʻokomo pū kekahi maestro Parisian kaulana i kāna First Symphony i ka papahana o kāna ʻahamele. Akā, ua hoʻoholo ʻo ia ʻaʻole loaʻa ka manawa e aʻo ai i ka hana, a manaʻo ʻo ia e alakaʻi ka mea kākau iā ia iho. Ua ʻae ʻo ia, ʻaʻole me ke kānalua ʻole, akā ua hoʻokō maikaʻi ʻo ia i kāna hana. Ua ninini ʻia nā kono mai nā wahi a pau. Ke alakaʻi nei ʻo Martinon i ka orchestra o ka Paris Conservatory, i ka makahiki 1946 ua lilo ʻo ia i poʻo o ka symphony orchestra ma Bordeaux. Ke kaulana nei ka inoa o ka mea pena ma Farani a ma waho o kona mau palena. Ua hoʻoholo ʻo Martinon ʻaʻole lawa ka ʻike i loaʻa iā ia, a ua hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia ma lalo o ke alakaʻi ʻana a nā mea mele kaulana e like me R. Desormieres a me C. Munsch. I ka makahiki 1950 ua lilo ʻo ia i alakaʻi mau loa, a i ka makahiki 1954 ka luna hoʻomalu o ka Lamoureux Concertos ma Paris, a ua hoʻomaka pū ʻo ia e huakaʻi i nā ʻāina ʻē. Ma mua o kona kono ʻia ʻana i ʻAmelika, ʻo ia ke alakaʻi o ka Düsseldorf Orchestra. A ʻo Chicago nō naʻe kahi huli ʻana i ke ala hana o Jean Martinon.

Ma kāna pou hou, ʻaʻole i hōʻike ka mea pena i nā palena repertoire, kahi i makaʻu ai nā mea aloha mele. ʻAʻole makemake ʻo ia i nā mele Farani wale nō, akā ʻo nā symphonists Viennese - mai Mozart a me Haydn iā Mahler a me Bruckner a me nā mele Lūkini. ʻO ka ʻike hohonu o ke ʻano hou o ka haʻi ʻōlelo (ʻaʻole haʻalele ʻo Martinon i ka haku mele) a me nā ʻano o kēia manawa i ka hoʻomohala mele e hiki ai i ka mea hoʻokele ke hoʻokomo i nā haku mele hou loa i kāna mau papahana. ʻO kēia mau mea a pau i alakaʻi i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo i ka makahiki 1962 ua hele pū ka magazine American Musical America me kahi loiloi o nā ʻaha mele a ke alakaʻi me ka poʻomanaʻo: "Viva Martinon", a ua loaʻa kāna hana ma ke poʻo o ka Chicago Orchestra i kahi loiloi maikaʻi loa. ʻAʻole haʻalele ʻo Martinon i nā hana huakaʻi; Ua komo ʻo ia i nā ʻahaʻaina honua he nui, me ka Prague Spring i ka makahiki 1962.

L. Grigoriev, J. Platek, 1969