Sonata |

ital. sonata, mai sonare - kani

ʻO kekahi o nā ʻano nui o ka solo a i ʻole chamber-ensemble instr. mele. Classic S., ma ke ʻano he lula, hana nui ʻāpana. me nā ʻāpana koʻikoʻi wikiwiki (ka mua - ma ke ʻano i kapa ʻia ʻo sonata) a me ka waena lohi; i kekahi manawa he minuet a scherzo pū kekahi i loko o ka pōʻai. Me ka ʻokoʻa o nā ʻano kahiko (trio sonata), ʻo S., ʻokoʻa me nā ʻano keʻena ʻē aʻe (trio, quartet, quintet, etc.), ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku ma mua o 2 mau mea hoʻokani. Ua hoʻokumu ʻia kēia mau ʻano maʻamau i ke au o ka classicism (e ʻike i ke Kula Kahiko ʻo Vienna).

ʻO ka puka ʻana o ka huaʻōlelo "S." nā lā mai ka wā i hoʻokumu ʻia ai ke kūʻokoʻa. instr. nā ʻano. I kinohi, kapa ʻia ʻo S. he wok. ʻāpana me nā mea kani a i ʻole iā lākou iho. instr. nā hana, akā naʻe, ua pili pū me ka wok. ke ano o ke kakau ana a he preim. nā palapala wok maʻalahi. pāʻani. Ma ke ʻano he instr. hoʻokani i ka huaʻōlelo “S.” ʻike ʻia i ke kenekulia 13. ʻOi aku ka nui i kapa ʻia ʻo "sonata" a i ʻole "sonado" hoʻomaka e hoʻohana wale ʻia i ka wā o ka Late Renaissance (ke kenekulia 16) ma Sepania i ka decomp. tablature (no ka laʻana, ma El Maestro na L. Milan, 1535; ma Sila de Sirenas na E. Valderrabano, 1547), a laila ma Italia. ʻO ka manawa pinepine he inoa pālua. – canzona da sonar a canzona per sonare (no ka laʻana, y H. Vicentino, A. Bankieri a me nā mea ʻē aʻe).

E con. ʻO ke kenekulia 16 ma Italia (ke aliʻi arr. i ka hana a F. Maskera), ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i ka huaʻōlelo "S." ma ke ano he inoa o kahi instr kuokoa. pāʻani (e like me ka cantata me wok. pāʻani). I ka manawa like, ʻoi loa i ka con. 16 - noi. ʻO ke kenekulia 17, ka huaʻōlelo "S." hoʻohana ʻia i nā ʻano like ʻole i ke ʻano a me ka hana instr. ʻatikala. I kekahi manawa ua kapa ʻia ʻo S. instr. ʻO nā ʻāpana o nā lawelawe hale pule (ʻo nā poʻo inoa "Alla devozione" - "Ma ke ʻano haipule" a i ʻole "Graduale" ma nā sonata a Banchieri he mea kaulana, ʻo ka inoa o kekahi o nā hana ma kēia ʻano a K. Monteverdi ʻo "Sonata sopra Sancta Maria" – "Sonata-liturgy o ka Virgin Mary"), a me ka opera overtures (no ka laʻana, ka hoʻolauna i ka MA Honor's opera The Golden Apple, i kapa ʻia e S. – Il porno dʻoro, 1667). No ka manawa lōʻihi, ʻaʻohe ʻokoʻa ma waena o nā inoa "S.", "symphony" a me "concert". I ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke kenekulia 17 (Early Baroque), ua hoʻokumu ʻia nā ʻano 2 o S.: sonata da chiesa (church. S.) a me sonata da camera (chamber, front. S.). Akahi no a loaa keia mau inoa ma "Canzoni, overo sonate concertate per chiesa e camera" na T. Merula (1637). Ua hilinaʻi nui ʻo Sonata da chiesa i ka polyphonic. ʻO ke ʻano, ua ʻike ʻia ka sonata da camera e ka predominance o kahi hale kūʻai homophonic a me ka hilinaʻi i ka hula.

I kinohi. 17th century ka mea i kapaia. trio sonata no 2 a 3 mea pāʻani me ka basso continuo accompaniment. He ʻano hoʻololi ia mai ka polyphony o ke kenekulia 16. i solo S. 17-18 keneturia. I ka hana. haku mele a S. i keia manawa, nohoia ke alakai i na kaula. nā mea kani me ko lākou mele nui. manawa kūpono.

Ma ka papahele ʻelua. ʻO ke kenekulia 2 aia kahi manaʻo i ka wehe ʻana o S. i mau ʻāpana (maʻamau 17-3). Hoʻokaʻawaleʻia lākou mai kekahi i kekahi e kahi laina pālua a iʻole nā ​​inoa kūikawā. Hōʻike ʻia ka pōʻaiapuni 5 e nā sonata he nui e G. Legrenzi. Ma keʻano he ʻokoʻa, loaʻa pū kekahi ʻāpana S. (ma Sat: Sonate da organo di varii autori, ed. Arresti). ʻO ka mea maʻamau he 5 mau ʻāpana me ke kaʻina o nā ʻāpana: lohi - wikiwiki - lohi - wikiwiki (ai ʻole: wikiwiki - lohi - wikiwiki - wikiwiki). ʻO ka hapa lohi mua - hoʻolauna; ʻO ka mea maʻamau e hoʻokumu ʻia ma nā hoʻohālikelike (i kekahi manawa o kahi hale kūʻai homophonic), loaʻa ka improvisation. ʻano, hoʻokomo pinepine i nā mele kikoʻī; ʻO ka hapa wikiwiki 4 he fugue, ʻo ka hapa 1 lohi he homophonic, ma ke ʻano maʻamau, ma ka ʻuhane o ka sarabande; hoʻopau. ʻo ka hapa wikiwiki hoʻi he fugue. He aʻo manuahi ʻo Sonata da camera i nā hula. lumi, e like me ka suite: allemande – courant – sarabande – gigue (a i ʻole gavotte). Hiki ke hoʻohui ʻia kēia papahana e nā hula ʻē aʻe. ʻāpana.

Ua hoʻololi pinepine ʻia ka wehewehe ʻana o ka sonata da camera e ka inoa. - "suite", "partita", "Palani. overture", "kauoha", etc. In con. ʻO ke kenekulia 17 ma Kelemānia aia nā huahana. ʻano huikau, e hui pū ana i nā waiwai o nā ʻano ʻelua o S. (D. Becker, I. Rosenmüller, D. Buxtehude, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe). I ka halepule. S. komo i na wahi kokoke i ke ano i ka hula (gigue, minuet, gavotte), i loko o ke keʻena - noa preluded wahi mai ka halepule. S. I kekahi manawa ua alakaʻi kēia i kahi hui piha o nā ʻano ʻelua (GF Teleman, A. Vivaldi).

Hoʻohui ʻia nā ʻāpana ma S. ma o ka thematic. pili (ʻoi loa ma waena o nā ʻāpana koʻikoʻi, no ka laʻana, ma C. op. 3 No 2 Corelli), me ke kōkua o kahi hoʻolālā tonal harmonious (nā ʻāpana koʻikoʻi i ke kī nui, nā ʻāpana waena i ke lua), i kekahi manawa me ka kōkua o kahi hoʻolālā papahana (S. “Biblical Stories” Kunau).

Ma ka papahele ʻelua. ʻO ke kenekulia 2 me nā sonata trio, aia ke kūlana nui e S. no ka violin - he mea kani e ʻike ana i kona pua mua a kiʻekiʻe loa i kēia manawa. Genre skr. Ua hoʻomohala ʻia ʻo S. ma ka hana a G. Torelli, J. Vitali, A. Corelli, A. Vivaldi, J. Tartini. Aia kekahi mau haku mele i ka papahele 17. ʻO ke kenekulia 1 (JS Bach, GF Teleman a me nā mea ʻē aʻe) aia kahi manaʻo e hoʻonui i nā ʻāpana a hoʻemi i kā lākou helu i 18 a i ʻole 2 - maʻamau ma muli o ka hōʻole ʻana i kekahi o nā ʻāpana lohi o ka hale pule. S. (no ka laʻana, IA Sheibe). ʻO nā hōʻailona o ka manawa a me keʻano o nā māhele e lilo i mea kiko'ī ("Andante", "Grazioso", "Affettuoso", "Allegro ma non troppo", etc.). S. no ka violin me kahi mahele o ka clavier i puka mua ma JS Bach. Ka inoa “FROM.” e pili ana i ka ʻāpana clavier solo, ʻo I. Kunau ka mea mua i hoʻohana.

I ka wā kahiko kahiko (i waena o ke kenekulia 18) ua ʻike ʻia ʻo S. ʻo ia ka mea waiwai a paʻakikī loa o nā mele keʻena. I ka makahiki 1775, ua wehewehe ʻo IA Schultz iā S. ma ke ʻano he ʻano "e hoʻopili i nā huaʻōlelo āpau a me nā ʻōlelo āpau." Ua ʻōlelo ʻo DG Türk i ka makahiki 1789: "Ma waena o nā ʻāpana i kākau ʻia no ka clavier, aia ka sonata i ka wahi mua." Wahi a FW Marpurg, ma S. pono "he ʻekolu a ʻehā mau ʻāpana i ka manawa i hāʻawi ʻia e nā koho, no ka laʻana, Allegro, Adagio, Presto, etc. Ke neʻe nei ka piano clavier i mua, e like me ka piano hammer-action hou. (kekahi o na laana mua - S. op. 8 Avison, 1764), a no ka harpsichord a clavichord (no na lunamakaainana o na kula o ka Akau a me Middle German - WF Bach, KFE Bach, KG Nefe , J. Benda, EV Wolf a me nā mea ʻē aʻe - he mea kani punahele ka clavichord). Ke pau nei ka moʻomeheu o ka hele pū ʻana me C. basso continuo. Ke pahola nei kekahi ʻano piano clavier, me ke komo ʻana o hoʻokahi a ʻelua mau mea kani ʻē aʻe, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā violins a i ʻole nā ​​mea kani ʻē aʻe (sonatas na C. Avison, I. Schobert, a me kekahi mau sonata mua na WA ​​Mozart), ʻoi aku. ma Parisa a me Lākana. Hana ʻia ʻo S. no ka maʻamau. papalua haku mele me ka obligatory komo o clavier a me c.-l. mea kani (violin, flute, cello, etc.). Ma waena o nā hōʻailona mua - S. op. 3 Giardini (1751), S. op. 4 Pellegrini (1759).

ʻO ka puka ʻana mai o kahi ʻano hou o S. ua hoʻoholo nui ʻia e ka hoʻololi ʻana mai polyphonic. hale kūʻai fugue i homophonic. Hoʻokumu ʻia ka sonata allegro maʻamau i ka sonata hoʻokahi hapa o D. Scarlatti a me nā sonata 3-ʻāpana o CFE Bach, a me kāna poʻe contemporaries - B. Pasquini, PD Paradisi a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. Poina nā hana a ka hapa nui o nā haku mele o kēia galaxy, ʻo nā sonata wale nō na D. Scarlatti a me CFE Bach e hoʻomau ʻia ana. Ua kākau ʻo D. Scarlatti ma mua o 500 S. (kapa pinepine ʻia ʻo Essercizi a i ʻole nā ​​ʻāpana no ka harpsichord); ʻike ʻia lākou ma muli o ko lākou ʻano maikaʻi, hoʻopau filigree, nā ʻano like ʻole a me nā ʻano. Hoʻokumu ʻo KFE Bach i kahi maʻamau. ke ʻano o ka pōʻai S. 3 ʻāpana (e nānā i ke ʻano Sonata-cyclic). Ma ka hana a nā haku Italia, ʻo GB Sammartini hoʻi, loaʻa pinepine i kahi pōʻai 2 ʻāpana: Allegro - Menuetto.

ʻO ke ʻano o ka huaʻōlelo "S." i ka wā kahiko kahiko ʻaʻole paʻa loa. I kekahi manawa ua hoʻohana ʻia ka inoa o kahi instr. pāʻani (J. Carpani). Ma ʻEnelani, ʻike pinepine ʻia ʻo S. me "Lesson" (S. Arnold, op. 7) a me ka sonata solo, ʻo ia hoʻi, S. no ka melodic. mea kani (violin, cello) me ka basso continuo (P. Giardini, op.16), ma Farani - me kahi ʻāpana no ka harpsichord (JJC Mondonville, op. 3), ma Vienna - me ka divertissement (GK Wagenseil, J. Haydn), ma Milan - me kahi pō (GB Sammartini, JK Bach). I kekahi manawa ua hoʻohana ʻia ka huaʻōlelo sonata da camera (KD Dittersdorf). No kekahi manawa, ua hoʻomau ka ʻekalesia S. i kona ʻano nui (17 ecclesiastical sonatas na Mozart). Hōʻike ʻia nā kuʻuna Baroque i ka hoʻonani nui ʻana o nā mele (Benda), a me ka hoʻokomo ʻana i nā paukū figurative virtuoso (M. Clementi), i nā hiʻohiʻona o ka pōʻai, no ka laʻana. i nā sonata o F. Durante, ua kū'ē pinepine ka hapa fugue mua i ka lua, i kākau ʻia ma ke ʻano o kahi gigue. ʻIke ʻia ka pilina me ka suite kahiko i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka minuet no ka waena a i ʻole nā ​​ʻāpana hope o S. (Wagenseil).

Nā kumuhana kahiko kahiko. Paʻa pinepine ʻo S. i nā hiʻohiʻona o ka polyphony hoʻohālike. hale kūʻai, ʻokoʻa, no ka laʻana, i kahi symphony me kāna ʻano homophonic thematicism i kēia manawa, ma muli o nā hopena ʻē aʻe i ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ke ʻano (ʻo ka mana o ka mele opera). Kūlana maʻamau. Hoʻomaka hope ʻo S. i nā hana a J. Haydn, WA ​​Mozart, L. Beethoven, M. Clementi. ʻO ka pōʻaiapuni 3-ʻāpana me nā neʻe wikiwiki loa a me ka hapa waena lohi e lilo i mea maʻamau no S. (ma ke ʻano like me ka symphony me kāna pōʻai maʻamau 4-hapa). Hoʻi kēia ʻano o ka pōʻai i ka C. da chiesa kahiko a me solo instr. ʻaha mele baroque. Noho ʻia ka wahi alakaʻi i ka pōʻai e ka hapa 1. ʻaneʻane kākau mau ʻia ma ke ʻano sonata, ka mea i hoʻomohala ʻia o nā instr kahiko. palapala. Aia kekahi mau ʻokoʻa: no ka laʻana, ma fp. ʻO ka sonata A-dur a Mozart (K.-V. 331) ka hapa mua i kākau ʻia ma ke ʻano o nā ʻano like ʻole, ma kāna C. Es-dur (K.-V. 282) ka hapa mua he adagio. ʻOkoʻa loa ka ʻāpana ʻelua me ka mea mua ma muli o ke ʻano lohi, lyrical a me ka noʻonoʻo. Hāʻawi kēia ʻāpana i ke kūʻokoʻa nui aʻe i ke koho ʻana o ka hale: hiki iā ia ke hoʻohana i kahi ʻano 3-ʻāpana paʻakikī, ʻano sonata a me kāna mau hoʻololi like ʻole (me ka ʻole o ka hoʻomohala ʻana, me kahi ʻāpana), a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. laʻana, C. Es-dur, K.-V. 282, A-dur, K.-V. 331, Mozart, C-dur no Haydn). ʻO ke kolu o ka neʻe ʻana, ʻo ka mea maʻamau ka wikiwiki loa i ka pōʻai (Presto, allegro vivace a me nā manawa kokoke), hoʻokokoke i ka neʻe mua me kona ʻano hana. ʻO ke ʻano maʻamau no ka hopena ʻo ia ka rondo a me ka rondo sonata, ʻaʻole pinepine nā ʻano like ʻole (C. Es-dur no ka violin a me ka piano, K.-V. 481 na Mozart; C. A-dur no ka piano na Haydn). Aia nō naʻe nā ʻokoʻa mai ke ʻano o ka pōʻaiapuni: mai 52 fp. ʻO ko Haydn sonatas 3 (mua) ʻehā ʻāpana a ʻo 8 ʻelua ʻāpana. ʻO nā pōʻai like ʻole ke ʻano o kekahi skr. sonata na Mozart.

I ka wā maʻamau i waenakonu o ka nānā ʻana ʻo ka S. no ka piano, kahi e hoʻoneʻe ai i nā ʻano ʻano kahiko o nā kaula. mea kani keyboard. Hoʻohana nui ʻia ʻo S. no ka decomp. nā mea kani me ka fp., ʻo ia hoʻi ʻo Skr. S. (no ka laʻana, iā Mozart ka 47 skr. C).

Ua hōʻea ka ʻano S. i kona piko kiʻekiʻe loa me Beethoven, nāna i hana 32 fp., 10 scr. a me 5 cello S. Ma ka hana a Beethoven, hoʻonui ʻia ka ʻike kiʻi, hoʻokomo ʻia nā keaka. nā hui ʻana, ua hoʻomaka ka hakakā. ʻO ka nui o kāna S. hiki i nā ʻāpana nui. Me ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana i ke ʻano a me ka noʻonoʻo ʻana o ka ʻōlelo, ke ʻano o ke ʻano o ka classicism, hōʻike pū nā sonatas Beethoven i nā hiʻohiʻona i hāpai ʻia a hoʻomohala ʻia e nā haku haku mele. Ua kākau pinepine ʻo Beethoven iā S. ma ke ʻano o ka pōʻai 4-hapa, e hana hou ana i ke kaʻina o nā ʻāpana o kahi symphony a me kahi quartet: ʻo kahi sonata allegro he mele lohi. neʻe – minuet (a i ʻole scherzo) – hope (eg S. no piano op. 2 No 1, 2, 3, op. 7, op. 28). Hoʻonohonoho ʻia nā ʻaoʻao waena i ka ʻaoʻao hope, i kekahi manawa he mele lohi. pani ʻia ka ʻāpana e kekahi ʻāpana i kahi manawa paʻa paʻa (allegretto). E paʻa ke aʻa o ia ʻano pōʻai i ka S. o nā haku mele aloha. Loaʻa iā Beethoven he 2-ʻāpana S. (S. no ka pianoforte op. 54, op. 90, op. 111), a me kahi soloist me kahi kaʻina manuahi o nā ʻāpana (variation movement - scherzo - funeral march - finale in piano. C op. 26; op. C. quasi una fantasia op. 27 No 1 a me 2; C. op. 31 No 3 me ka scherzo ma ka 2nd wahi a me ka minuet ma ka 3). Ma ka S. hope loa a Beethoven, ua hoʻoikaika ʻia ke ʻano o ka hui ʻana o ka pōʻaiapuni a me ke kūʻokoʻa ʻoi aku o kāna wehewehe. Hoʻokomo ʻia nā pilina ma waena o nā ʻāpana, hana ʻia ka hoʻololi mau ʻana mai kahi ʻāpana a i kekahi, hoʻokomo ʻia nā ʻāpana fugue i loko o ka pōʻai (hopena o S. op. 101, 106, 110, fugato ma ka hapa 1 o S. op. 111). ʻO ka hapa mua i kekahi manawa e nalowale kona kūlana alakaʻi i ka pōʻai, lilo ka hopena i ke kikowaena o ka umekaumaha. Aia nā hoʻomanaʻo o nā kumuhana i kani mua i ka decomp. ʻāpana o ka pōʻai (S. op. 101, 102 No 1). ʻO ke ʻano. Ma nā sonata a Beethoven, e hoʻomaka ana nā hoʻolauna lohi i nā neʻe mua e pāʻani i kahi kuleana (op. 13, 78, 111). Hōʻike ʻia kekahi o nā mele a Beethoven e nā mea o ka lako polokalamu, i hoʻomohala nui ʻia i ke mele o nā haku haku mele. No ka laʻana, 3 ʻāpana o S. no ka piano. op. 81a ua kapaia. "Farewell", "Parting" and "Return".

ʻO kahi kūlana waena ma waena o ka classicism a me ka romanticism i noho ʻia e nā sonatas a F. Schubert a me KM Weber. Ma muli o ko Beethoven's 4-part ( rarely 3-part ) sonata cycles, hoʻohana kēia poʻe haku i kekahi mau ʻano hou o ka hōʻike ʻana i kā lākou haku mele. He mea nui nā pāʻani melodic. ka hoʻomaka ʻana, nā mea mele mele (ʻoi loa i nā ʻāpana lohi o nā pōʻai). Leila. ʻike maopopo ʻia ke ʻano ma ka fp. sonata na Schubert.

Ma ka hana a nā haku haku mele, hoʻomohala hou a hoʻololi i nā mele kahiko. (ʻo Beethoven ka nui) ʻano S., hoʻopiha iā ia me nā kiʻi hou. ʻO ka hiʻohiʻona ka ʻoi aku ka nui o ka wehewehe ʻana o ke ʻano, kona wehewehe ʻana i ka ʻuhane o ke aloha. poem. S. i loko o kēia manawa e paʻa i ke kūlana o kekahi o nā ʻano alakaʻi o instr. mele, ʻoiai ua hoʻokuʻu ʻia e nā ʻano liʻiliʻi (e laʻa, he mele me ka huaʻōlelo ʻole, nocturne, prelude, etude, nā ʻāpana ʻano). Ua hāʻawi nui ʻo F. Mendelssohn, F. Chopin, R. Schumann, F. Liszt, J. Brahms, E. Grieg, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka seismic. Hōʻike kā lākou haku mele seismic i nā mea hou o ke ʻano i ka noʻonoʻo ʻana i nā hanana ola a me nā hakakā. Hoʻokala ʻia ka ʻokoʻa o nā kiʻi a S. ma loko o nā ʻāpana a me ko lākou pilina kekahi i kekahi. Hoʻopilikia pū ʻia ka makemake o ka poʻe haku mele no ke kumuhana. ka lōkahi o ka pōʻai, ʻoiai ma ka laulā e pili ana ka romantics i ka classic. 3-mahele (no ka laʻana, S. no ka pianoforte op. 6 a me 105 na Mendelssohn, S. no ka violin a me ka pianoforte op. 78 a me 100 na Brahms) a me 4-mahele (no ka laʻana, S. no ka pianoforte op. 4, 35 a me 58 Chopin, S. no Schumann). Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia kekahi o nā kaʻina no ka FP e kahi kumu nui i ka wehewehe ʻana i nā ʻāpana o ka pōʻai. Brahms (S. op. 2, elima hapa S. op. 5). Hoʻoikaika aloha. ʻO ka poetry ke alakaʻi i ka pukaʻana o kahi hapa S. (nā hōʻailona mua - 2 S. no ka pianoforte o Liszt). Ma keʻano o ka pālākiō a me ke kūʻokoʻa, nā māhele o ka sonata i loko o ia mau mea e pili ana i nā'āpana o ka pōʻai, e hana i ka mea i kapaʻia. ʻo ka pōʻai hoʻokahi hapa he pōʻaiapuni o ka hoʻomohala mau ʻana, me nā laina polū ma waena o nā ʻāpana.

Ma fp. ʻO kekahi o nā mea hoʻohui i nā sonatas a Liszt ʻo ka programmaticity: me nā kiʻi o Dante's Divine Comedy, kāna S. "Ma hope o ka heluhelu ʻana iā Dante" (ua hoʻokūpaʻa ʻia ke kūʻokoʻa o kona ʻano e ka inoa ʻo Fantasia quasi Sonata), me nā kiʻi o Goethe's Faust - S. h-moll (1852 -53).

Ma ka hana a Brahms a me Grieg, he wahi koʻikoʻi i noho ʻia e ka violin S. I nā hiʻohiʻona maikaʻi loa o ke ʻano S. i ke aloha. No ka sonata A-dur ke mele no ka violin a me ka piano. S. Frank, a me 2 S. no cello a me ka piano. Brahms. Ke hana ʻia nei nā mea hana no nā mea kani ʻē aʻe.

I ka con. 19 - noi. Kenekulia 20 S. ma na aina o ke Komohana. Ke hele nei ʻo ʻEulopa i kahi pilikia kaulana. ʻO nā sonata o V. d'Andy, E. McDowell, K. Shimanovsky he mea hoihoi, kūʻokoʻa i ka manaʻo a me ka ʻōlelo.

He helu nui o S. no ka decomp. na M. Reger i kakau. ʻO ka hoihoi nui ʻo kāna 2 S. no ke okana, kahi i hōʻike ʻia ai ka manaʻo o ka haku mele i ka mele mele. kuʻuna. No Reger kekahi 4 S. no cello a me pianoforte, 11 S. no pianoforte. ʻO ka makemake i ka hoʻolālā ʻana he ʻano o ka hana sonata a McDowell. 4 o kona S. no fp. he mau huaʻōlelo papahana (“Tragic”, 1893; “Heroic”, 1895; “Norwegian”, 1900; “Celtic”, 1901). ʻOi aku ka nui o nā sonata a K. Saint-Saens, JG Reinberger, K. Sinding a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. Ke ho'āʻo nei e hoʻōla i ka maʻamau i loko o lākou. ʻAʻole i hāʻawi nā loina i nā hopena hoʻopaʻapaʻa.

Loaʻa i ka ʻano S. nā hiʻohiʻona ʻokoʻa i ka hoʻomaka. ʻO ke kenekulia 20 ma nā mele Farani. Mai ka Farani G. Fauré, P. Duke, C. Debussy (S. no ka violin a me ka piano, S. no cello a me ka piano, S. no ka ohe, viola, a me ka lira) a me M. Ravel (S. no ka violin a me ka pianoforte. , S. no ka violin a me cello, sonata no ka pianoforte). Hoʻopiha kēia mau haku mele iā S. me nā mea hou, me ka impressionistic. figurativeness, nā ʻano kumu o ka expressiveness (ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea exotic, ka hoʻonui ʻana i nā ʻano modal-harmonious).

Ma ka hana a nā haku mele Lūkini o nā kenekulia 18 a me 19, ʻaʻole i noho ʻo S. i kahi kūlana koʻikoʻi. Hōʻike ʻia ke ʻano o S. i kēia manawa e nā hoʻokolohua pākahi. ʻO ia nā mea kani no ka cembalo a DS Bortnyansky, a me nā mea kani a IE Khandoshkin no ka violin solo a me ka bass, i loko o kā lākou mau hiʻohiʻona e pili kokoke ana i nā mea kani mele kahiko o Western European. a me ka viola (a i ʻole violin) MI Glinka (1828), i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma ka papa mele. uhane, aka me ka leo. ʻaoʻao pili pili me ka Lūkini. mea mele mele. ʻIke ʻia nā hiʻohiʻona aupuni ma ka S. o nā mea kaulana loa o Glinka, ʻo ia hoʻi ʻo AA Alyabyeva (S. no ka violin me ka piano, 1834). ʻO Def. Ua mahalo ʻo AG Rubinshtein, ka mea kākau o 4 S. no ka piano, i ke ʻano o S. (1859-71) a me 3 S. no ka violin a me ka piano. (1851-76), S. no ka viola a me ka piano. (1855) a me 2 p. no cello a me ka piano. (1852-57). ʻO ke koʻikoʻi no ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ke ʻano ma ka Lūkini. he S. no ka piano. op. 37 PI Tchaikovsky, a me 2 S. no ka piano. AK Glazunov, e pili ana i ka moʻomeheu o ka "nui" aloha S.

I ka hoʻomaka ʻana o nā kenekulia 19 a me 20. hoihoi i ke ano S. y rus. Ua piʻi nui ka poʻe haku mele. ʻO kahi ʻaoʻao mālamalama i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ke ʻano he FP. sonata na AN Scriabin. Ma nāʻano he nui, e hoʻomau i ke aloha. nā kuʻuna (kaumaha i ka programmability, ka lokahi o ka pōʻai), hāʻawi ʻo Scriabin iā lākou i kahi ʻōlelo kūʻokoʻa, hohonu hohonu. Hōʻike ʻia ka mea hou a me ke ʻano maoli o ka hana sonata a Scriabin ma ke ʻano kiʻi a me ke mele. ʻōlelo, a ma ka wehewehe ʻana i ke ʻano. ʻO ke ʻano papahana o nā sonatas a Scriabin he philosophical a hōʻailona. ʻano ʻano. Hoʻololi ʻia ko lākou ʻano mai kahi pōʻai maʻamau maʻamau (1st - 3rd S.) i kahi hapa hoʻokahi (5th - 10th S.). ʻO ka sonata 4 o Scriabin, ua pili nā ʻāpana ʻelua i kekahi i kekahi, e pili ana i ke ʻano o ka pianoforte hoʻokahi. poems. ʻAʻole like me nā sonatas one-movement a Liszt, ʻaʻohe hiʻohiʻona o nā sonata o Scriabin o kahi ʻano cyclic hoʻokahi neʻe.

Ua hoʻonui nui ʻia ʻo S. i ka hana a NK Medtner, no 14 fp ka to-rum. S. a me 3 S. no ka violin a me ka piano. Hoʻonui ʻo Medtner i nā palena o ke ʻano, e kiʻi ana i nā hiʻohiʻona o nā ʻano ʻano ʻē aʻe, ka hapa nui o ka papahana a i ʻole ke ʻano mele ("Sonata-elegy" op. 11, "Sonata-remembrance" op. 38, "Sonata-fairy tale" op. 25 , “Sonata-ballad » op. 27). Noho ʻia kahi wahi kūikawā e kāna "Sonata-vocalise" op. 41.

SV Rachmaninov ma 2 fp. Hoʻomohala kūikawā ʻo S. i nā kuʻuna o ke aloha nui. C. He hanana kaulana ma Rusia. hoʻomaka ke ola mele. 20 kenekulia kila 2 mua S. no fp. N. ʻAe. ʻO Myaskovsky, ʻoi aku ka hapa hoʻokahi 2nd S., hāʻawi i ka makana Glinkin.

I nā makahiki i hala iho nei o ke kenekulia 20, ua hoʻololi ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ʻano ʻōlelo hou i ke ʻano o ke ʻano. Maʻaneʻi, he 6 C. nā mea hōʻike no ka decomp. nā mea kani o B. Bartok, kumu i ka rhythm a me nā hiʻohiʻona modal, e hōʻike ana i ka manaʻo e hoʻonui i nā mea hana. haku mele (S. no 2 fp. a me ka percussion). Hoʻopili pū ʻia kēia ʻano hou e nā haku mele ʻē aʻe (S. no ka pū, pū, a me ka trombone, F. Poulenc a me nā mea ʻē aʻe). Ke hoʻāʻo ʻia nei e hoʻōla i kekahi mau ʻano o ka pre-classic. S. (6 okana sonata na P. Hindemith, solo S. no ka viola a no ka violin na E. Krenek a me na hana e ae). ʻO kekahi o nā hiʻohiʻona mua o ka wehewehe neoclassical o ke ʻano - 2nd S. no ka piano. IF Stravinsky (1924). ʻO ke ʻano. wahi i kēia manawa Ua noho ʻia ke mele e nā sonata o A. Honegger (6 C. no nā mea kani like ʻole), Hindemith (c. 30 C. no nā mea kani a pau).

ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona koʻikoʻi o ka wehewehe ʻana o kēia ʻano i hana ʻia e nā pueo. nā haku mele, ʻo SS Prokofiev (9 no ka piano, 2 no ka violin, cello). ʻO ka hana koʻikoʻi i ka hoʻomohala ʻana o S. hou i hoʻokani ʻia e ka FP. sonata na Prokofiev. Hōʻike maopopo ʻia nā mea hana a pau i loko o lākou. ke ala o ka haku mele - mai ka pilina me ke aloha. laʻana (1st, 3rd C.) i ke oʻo akamai (8th C.). Ke hilinaʻi nei ʻo Prokofiev i ka maʻamau. nā maʻamau o ka pōʻai 3- a me 4-ʻāpana (koe ka ʻāpana 1 a me 3 C). Kūlana kahiko. a preclassic. ʻike ʻia nā loina noʻonoʻo ma ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā hula kahiko. nā ʻano o nā kenekulia 17-18. (gavotte, minuet), nā puka toccata, a me ka wehewehe ʻana i nā ʻāpana. Eia naʻe, ʻoi aku ka mana o nā hiʻohiʻona kumu, ʻo ia hoʻi ke ʻano o ka hana keaka o ka dramaturgy, ke ʻano hou o ke mele a me ke kuʻikahi, a me ke ʻano ʻokoʻa o ka piano. virtuosity. ʻO kekahi o nā kiʻekiʻe koʻikoʻi o ka hana a ka mea haku mele ʻo ia ka "sonata triad" o nā makahiki kaua (6th - 8th pp., 1939-44), kahi e hui pū ai ke keaka. paio o nā kiʻi me ka maʻamau. hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻano.

ʻO kahi haʻawina kaulana i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā mele piano i hana ʻia e DD Shostakovich (2 no ka piano, violin, viola, a me cello) a me AN ​​Aleksandrov (14 piano no ka piano). Ua kaulana pū ʻo FP. sonata a me sonata na DB Kabalevsky, sonata na AI Khachaturian.

I ka 50s - 60s. ʻike ʻia nā hanana hiʻohiʻona hou i ke kahua o ka hoʻokumu ʻana i ka sonata. Hōʻike ʻia ʻo S., ʻaʻole i loaʻa kahi hapa o ka pōʻai ma ke ʻano sonata a hoʻokō wale i kekahi mau loina o ka sonata. Penei ka S. no FP. P. Boulez, "Sonata and Interlude" no ka piano "hoʻomākaukau". J. Cage. Hoʻomaopopo nā mea kākau o kēia mau hana iā S. ma ke ʻano he instr. pāʻani. ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona maʻamau o kēia ʻo C. no cello a me ka orchestra na K. Penderecki. Ua ʻike ʻia nā ʻano like i ka hana a kekahi mau pueo. haku mele (piano sonatas na BI Tishchenko, TE Mansuryan, etc.).

E hoʻomaopopo ': Gunet E., He umi sonata na Scriabin, "RMG", 1914, No 47; Kotler N., Liszt's sonata h-moll i ka malamalama o kona aesthetics, "SM", 1939, No 3; Kremlev Yu. A., nā sonata piano a Beethoven, M., 1953; ʻO Druskin M., nā mele Clavier o Sepania, ʻEnelani, Netherlands, Farani, Italia, Kelemānia o nā kenekulia 1960-1961, L., 1962; Kholopova V., Kholopov Yu., Prokofiev's Piano Sonatas, M., 1962; Ordzhonikidze G., Prokofiev's Piano Sonatas, M., 1; Popova T., Sonata, M., 1966; ʻO Lavrentieva I., nā sonata hope loa o Beethoven, ma Sat. In: Nā nīnau no ke ʻano mele, vol. 1970, M., 2; Rabey V., Sonatas and partitas by JS Bach for violin solo, M., 1972; Pavchinsky, S., Maikaʻi Kiʻi a me ka wehewehe Tempo o kekahi o nā Sonatas a Beethoven, ma: Beethoven, vol. 1972, M., 1973; Schnittke A., Ma kekahi mau hiʻohiʻona o ka hana hou i nā pōʻai sonata piano a Prokofiev, ma: S. Prokofiev. Sonatas and researches, M., 13; Meskhishvili E., Ma ka hana keaka o na sonata a Scriabin, ma ka ohi: AN Skryabin, M., 1974; Petrash A., Solo bow sonata and suite before Bach and in the works of his contemporaries, in: Questions of Theory and Aesthetics of Music, vol. 36, L., 1978; Sakharova G., Ma ke kumu o ka sonata, ma: Nā hiʻohiʻona o ka hoʻokumu ʻana i ka sonata, "Proceedings of the GMPI im. Gnesins", vol. XNUMX, M., XNUMX.

See kukui. i nā 'atikala Sonata form, Sonata-cyclic form, Musical form.

VB Valkova