Felix Weingartner |

Felix Weingartner

ʻO Felix Weingartner, kekahi o nā alakaʻi alakaʻi nui loa o ka honua, noho i kahi kūlana kūikawā i ka mōʻaukala o ka hana hoʻokele. Ma hope o ka hoʻomaka ʻana i kāna hana noʻeau i ka manawa i noho ai ʻo Wagner lāua ʻo Brahms, Liszt a me Bülow i ka hana ʻana, ua hoʻopau ʻo Weingartner i kāna huakaʻi i ka waena o kā mākou kenekulia. No laila, ua lilo kēia mea pena kiʻi, me he mea lā, i loulou ma waena o ke kula alakaʻi kahiko o ke kenekulia XNUMX a me nā hana hoʻokele hou.

Hele mai ʻo Weingartner mai Dalmatia, ua hānau ʻia ʻo ia ma ke kūlanakauhale ʻo Zadar, ma ke kahakai ʻo Adriatic, ma ka ʻohana o kahi limahana leka. Ua make ka makua kāne i ka wā kamaliʻi ʻo Felix, a neʻe ka ʻohana i Graz. Maʻaneʻi, hoʻomaka ka mea alakaʻi e hiki mai ana e aʻo i nā mele ma lalo o ke alakaʻi a kona makuahine. I ka makahiki 1881-1883, he haumāna ʻo Weingartner ma ka Leipzig Conservatory ma ka haku mele a me ke alakaʻi ʻana i nā papa. Ma waena o kāna mau kumu, ʻo K. Reinecke, S. Jadasson, O. Paul. I loko o kāna mau makahiki haumāna, ua ʻike mua ʻia ka talena alakaʻi o ka mea hoʻokani pila: ma kahi ʻaha mele haumāna, ua hoʻokani maikaʻi ʻo ia i ka Beethoven's Second Symphony ma ke ʻano he hoʻomanaʻo. ʻO kēia naʻe, ʻo ia wale nō ka mea i hōʻino wale iā Reinecke, ka mea i makemake ʻole i ka hilinaʻi ponoʻī o ka haumāna.

I ka makahiki 1883, ua hoʻomaka ʻo Weingartner i kāna hoʻomaka kūʻokoʻa ma Königsberg, a i hoʻokahi makahiki ma hope mai, ua hoʻokani ʻia kāna opera Shakuntala ma Weimar. ʻO ka mea kākau iā ia iho i hoʻohana i kekahi mau makahiki ma ʻaneʻi, lilo i haumāna a he hoaaloha no Liszt. Ua ʻōlelo aku ka mea hope iā ia ma ke ʻano he kōkua no Bülow, akā ʻaʻole i lōʻihi ko lākou hui ʻana: ʻAʻole makemake ʻo Weingartner i nā kūʻokoʻa a Bülow i ʻae ai i kāna wehewehe ʻana i nā papa mele, a ʻaʻole ʻo ia i kānalua i ka haʻi ʻana iā ia.

Ma hope o kekahi mau makahiki o ka hana ma Danzig (Gdansk), Hamburg, Mannheim, ua koho ʻia ʻo Weingartner i ka makahiki 1891 i alakaʻi mua o ka Royal Opera and Symphony Concerts ma Berlin, kahi i hoʻokumu ai ʻo ia i kona inoa ʻo ia kekahi o nā alakaʻi alakaʻi Kelemania.

A mai ka makahiki 1908, ua lilo ʻo Vienna i kikowaena o ka hana a Weingartner, kahi i hoʻololi ai ʻo G. Mahler ma ke poʻo o ka opera a me ka Philharmonic Orchestra. ʻO kēia manawa hoʻi ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka kaulana honua o ka mea pena. He huakaʻi nui ʻo ia ma nā ʻāina ʻEulopa, ʻoi aku hoʻi ma ʻEnelani, i ka makahiki 1905 ua hele ʻo ia i ka moana no ka manawa mua, a ma hope, i ka makahiki 1927, hoʻokani ʻo ia i ka USSR.

Ke hana nei ma Hamburg (1911-1914), Darmstadt (1914-1919), ʻaʻole i uhaki ka mea pena me Vienna a hoʻi hou mai ʻo ia ma ke ʻano he alakaʻi o ka Volksoper a me ke alakaʻi o ka Vienna Philharmonic (a hiki i 1927). A laila noho ʻo ia ma Basel, kahi āna i alakaʻi ai i kahi orkestra, aʻo i ka haku mele, alakaʻi i kahi papa alakaʻi ma ka conservatory, i hoʻopuni ʻia e ka hanohano a me ka mahalo.

Me he mea lā ʻaʻole e hoʻi hou ka maestro ʻelemakule i ka hana noʻeau. Akā i ka makahiki 1935, ma hope o ka haʻalele ʻana o Clemens Kraus iā Vienna, ua alakaʻi hou ka mea hoʻokani mele kanahikukūmālua makahiki i ka State Opera a hoʻokani i ka Salzburg Festival. Akā naʻe, ʻaʻole i lōʻihi: ʻo nā kuʻikahi me ka poʻe mele i koi koke iā ia e haʻalele hope. ʻOiaʻiʻo, ʻoiai ma hope o kēlā, ua loaʻa mau iā Weingartner ka ikaika e hana i kahi huakaʻi ʻaha mele nui o ka Hikina mamao. A laila, noho ʻo ia ma Switzerland, kahi i make ai.

Ua kau nui ka kaulana o Weingartner ma kāna wehewehe ʻana i nā symphonies a Beethoven a me nā haku haku mele ʻē aʻe. ʻO ka monumentality o kāna mau manaʻo, ka lokahi o nā ʻano a me ka mana ikaika o kāna wehewehe ʻana i mea nui i ka poʻe hoʻolohe. Ua kākau kekahi o nā mea hoʻohewa: "ʻO Weingartner kahi papa mele ma ke ʻano a me ke kula, a ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o kona manaʻo i ka palapala kahiko. ʻO ka noʻonoʻo, ka hoʻomaha a me ka naʻauao makua e hāʻawi i kāna hana i kahi hanohano hanohano, a ua ʻōlelo pinepine ʻia ʻo ka hanohano hanohano o kāna Beethoven ʻaʻole hiki ke loaʻa i nā alakaʻi ʻē aʻe o ko mākou manawa. Hiki iā Weingartner ke hōʻoia i ka laina maʻamau o kahi ʻāpana mele me ka lima e mālama mau i ka paʻa a me ka hilinaʻi, hiki iā ia ke hana i nā hui harmonic maʻalahi a me nā ʻokoʻa palupalu loa. Akā, ʻo ko Weingartner maikaʻi loa ʻo ia kāna makana kupaianaha no ka ʻike ʻana i ka hana holoʻokoʻa; loaʻa iā ia ka manaʻo o ka architectonics.

Hiki i nā mea aloha mele ke hoʻomaopopo i ka pono o kēia mau ʻōlelo. ʻOiai ke hāʻule nei ka lā kiʻekiʻe o ka hana noʻeau a Weingartner i nā makahiki i kūpono ʻole ai ka ʻenehana hoʻopaʻa leo, aia i kāna hoʻoilina he helu nui o nā hoʻopaʻa leo. ʻO nā heluhelu hohonu o nā symphonies a pau a Beethoven, ʻo ka hapa nui o nā hana symphonic a Liszt, Brahms, Haydn, Mendelssohn, a me nā waltzes a I. Strauss, ua mālama ʻia no nā mamo. Ua haʻalele ʻo Weingartner i nā hana moʻokalaleo a me nā mele he nui nā manaʻo koʻikoʻi e pili ana i ke ʻano o ke alakaʻi ʻana a me ka wehewehe ʻana i nā haku mele pākahi.

L. Grigoriev, J. Platek