Scale, octaves a me nā memo
Contents
He aha kāu e ʻike ai ma mua o ka hoʻomaka ʻana i ka haʻawina:
- Nā kani mele.
Ka unahi a me ka octave
Hoʻokumu nā leo mele i kahi leo kani mele, e hoʻomaka ana mai nā leo haʻahaʻa a hiki i ke kiʻekiʻe. ʻEhiku mau leo kumu o ka unahi: do, re, mi, fa, paʻakai, la, si. Kapa ʻia nā leo kumu i nā ʻanuʻu.
ʻEhiku mau ʻanuʻu o ka unahi he octave, ʻoiai ʻo ke alapine o nā leo i kēlā me kēia octave e ʻoi aku ke kiʻekiʻe ma mua o ka mua, a loaʻa nā leo like i nā inoa ʻanuʻu like. ʻEiwa wale nō octave. ʻO ka octave e waiho ana ma waena o ka laulā o nā leo i hoʻohana ʻia i ke mele, ua kapa ʻia ʻo ka ʻoka mua, a laila ʻo ka lua, a laila ʻekolu, ʻehā, a hope ʻo ka ʻelima. Loaʻa nā inoa o nā Octave ma lalo o ka mua: Small octave, Large, Controctave, Subcontroctave. ʻO ka subcontroctave ka octave lohe haʻahaʻa loa. ʻAʻole hoʻohana ʻia nā Octave ma lalo o ka Subcontroctave a ma luna o ka Fifth Octave i ke mele a ʻaʻohe inoa.
ʻO kahi o nā palena alapine o nā octaves he kūlana a koho ʻia i ke ʻano e hoʻomaka ai kēlā me kēia octave me ka ʻanuʻu mua (note Do) o kahi unahi ʻumikūmālua-leo i hoʻohālikelike ʻia a me ke alapine o ka ʻanuʻu 6th (note A) o ʻO ka octave mua he 440 Hz.
ʻO ke alapine o ka ʻanuʻu mua o hoʻokahi octave a me ka ʻanuʻu mua o ka octave ma hope o ia (octave interval) e ʻokoʻa pololei 2 manawa. No ka laʻana, ʻo ka memo A o ka octave mua he 440 hertz, a ʻo ka memo A o ka octave ʻelua he alapine o 880 hertz. ʻO nā kani mele, ʻokoʻa ʻelua ke alapine, ʻike ʻia e ka pepeiao he ʻano like loa, e like me ka hana hou ʻana o hoʻokahi kani, ma nā leo like ʻole (ʻaʻole huikau me ka lokahi, ke like nā leo i ke alapine like). Kapa ʻia kēia hanana octave like o na leo .
unahi maoli
Ua kapa ʻia ka puʻunaue like ʻana o nā leo o ka unahi ma luna o nā semitones ʻano unahi a i ʻole ka unahi maoli . ʻO ka wā ma waena o ʻelua mau leo pili i loko o ia ʻōnaehana i kapa ʻia he semitone.
ʻO kahi mamao o ʻelua semitones e hana i kahi leo holoʻokoʻa. Ma waena wale nō o ʻelua mau memo ʻaʻohe leo holoʻokoʻa, aia ma waena o ka mi a me ka fa, a me ka si a me ka hana. No laila, he ʻumikūmālua semitone like ka octave.
Nā inoa a me nā inoa o nā leo
ʻO nā leo ʻumikūmālua o ka octave, ʻehiku wale nō i loaʻa ko lākou inoa ponoʻī (do, re, mi, fa, salt, la, si). Loaʻa nā inoa ʻelima i koe mai ka ʻehiku nui, kahi i hoʻohana ʻia ai nā huaʻōlelo kūikawā: # - koi a me b - palahalaha. 'O Sharp 'o ia ho'i, aia ke kani ma luna o ka semitone o ka leo i ho'opili 'ia ai, a 'o ka ha'aha'a ka ha'aha'a. Pono e hoʻomanaʻo ʻia ma waena o ka mi a me ka fa, a ma waena o si a me c, he semitone wale nō, no laila ʻaʻole hiki ke palahalaha a me ka mi sharp.
ʻO ke ʻano o ka hoʻopaʻa inoa ʻana ma luna aʻe nei ke ʻano o ka himeni a St.
ʻO kekahi ʻōnaehana notation maʻamau no nā memo ʻo ka Latin: hōʻike ʻia nā memo e nā leka o ka alphabet Latin C, D, E, F, G, A, H (heluhelu "ha").
E ʻoluʻolu, ʻaʻole i hōʻike ʻia ka memo si ma ka leka B, akā ma ka H, a ʻo ka leka B e hōʻike ana i ka B-flat (ʻoiai ua hoʻomāhuahua ʻia kēia lula ma ka palapala Pelekane a me kekahi mau puke mele kīkā). Eia hou, no ka hoʻohui ʻana i kahi pāpaʻi i kahi memo, -es i pili i kona inoa (e laʻa, Ces – C-flat), a e hoʻohui i kahi koi – is. ʻO nā ʻokoʻa i nā inoa e hōʻike ana i nā leo leo: As, Es.
Ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa a me Hungary, ua kapa hou ʻia ka memo si i ka ti, i ʻole e huikau me ka memo C (“si”) ma ka hoʻopaʻa inoa Latin, kahi i kū ai ka memo ma mua.
