Minstrel |

Palani menestrel, mai Late Lat. ministerialis - ma ka lawelawe; Pelekania – minstrel

Ma mua o ka Middle Ages. ʻO Farani, ʻEnelani a me nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe, ka poʻe i lawelawe me ka haku feudal a i ʻole ka haku hanohano a hana i kekahi mea kūikawā ma lalo ona. duty (ministerium). M. - kaʻahele prof. mea kani a me ka mea mele ma ka lawelawe ʻana i kahi troubadour. ʻO kāna mau hana, ʻo ia ka hīmeni ʻana i nā mele a kona kahu a i ʻole ka hoʻokani ʻana i ka hīmeni a ka troubadour ma ka mea kani viele. M. na mea lawe o Nar. music art-va, hoʻohuli i ka hana a nā troubadours, hāʻawi iā lākou i ka hana. hiʻona o ka poʻe mele. ʻO ka inoa "M." Hoʻonui pinepine ʻia i nā hale aliʻi a me nā poʻe huakaʻi hele. Mai ke kenekulia 13 mai ka hua'ōlelo "M." e like me ka hua'ōlelo "troubadour", a laila - "juggler". I ke kenekulia 13, ua noho mua na kula o M., e hana ana i ka wa hookeai i kukuluia e ka ekalesia, i ka wa i papaia ai na hana a M. I mea e pale ai i ko lākou mau kuleana, ua hui pū nā mea hana lima o ke kūlanakauhale i "nā kaikunāne," e like me nā hui guild o nā mea hana lima. I ka makahiki 1321, he "brotherhood", ka mea i kapa ʻia. menestrandia, lilo i kaulana ma Parisa. I mea e lilo ai i lālā o ka "kaikunāne", pono e hele i kahi hoʻokolokolo kūikawā (ua ʻae ʻia nā wahine). I ka makahiki 1381, ua hoʻokumu ʻia kahi hui o Minstrels ma Staffordshire, ʻEnelani, ma lalo o ka inoa ʻo Minstrel Court, i alakaʻi ʻia e ka "King" o M. Mai ke kenekulia 14. Ua kapa ʻia ʻo M. he "sedentary" a me nā mea hoʻokani pila i hoʻokani ma nā kuaʻāina, ma nā hale kūʻai. Mai con. 14th c. M. – prof. nā mea hoʻokani pila no ka hula a hoʻokani pū me lākou. I ka makahiki 1407 ua loaʻa iā M. kahi palapala hōʻailona mai ka Mōʻī Charles VI, i hoʻoikaika i ko lākou kūlana a hiki i ka hopena. Ke kenekulia 18 ʻO ka huaʻōlelo "M." ua ola hou ʻia i ke kenekulia 19. poe haku mele aloha. nā kula. Ua hoʻopuka ʻo V. Scott i ka hui. nar. ballad "Minstrelsy of the Scottish border", 1802-03), i kākau i ka poem "The Song of the last minstrel" ("Lay of the last minstrel", 1805).

IM Yampolsky