Jean Sibelius (Jean Sibelius) |

ʻO Jean Sibelius

Sibelius. Tapiola (hoʻokani ʻia e T. Beecham)

… ʻo ka hana ʻana ma kahi ʻoi aku ka nui, e hoʻomau i kahi i haʻalele ai koʻu poʻe mua, ʻo ka hana ʻana i nā kiʻi o kēia wā ʻaʻole ʻo koʻu kuleana wale nō, akā ʻo kaʻu kuleana kekahi. J. Sibelius

"No Jan Sibelius ka poʻe o kā mākou haku mele nāna i hōʻike i ke ʻano o ka poʻe Finnish me kā lākou mele," i kākau ai kona hoa aloha, ʻo K. Flodin, e pili ana i ka haku mele Finnish kupaianaha i ka makahiki 1891. ʻAʻole wale ka hana a Sibelius. he ʻaoʻao ʻālohilohi i ka mōʻaukala o ka moʻomeheu mele o Finland, ʻo ka kaulana o ka mea haku mele i hele ma mua o nā palena o kona ʻāina hānau.

Hāʻule ka mohala o ka hana a ka haku mele ma ka hopena o ke kenekulia 7 – ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke kenekulia 3. - ka manawa o ka ulu ʻana o ka hoʻokuʻu aupuni a me ka neʻe kipi i Finland. ʻO kēia mokuʻāina liʻiliʻi i kēlā manawa he ʻāpana o ke aupuni Lūkini a ua ʻike i nā ʻano like o ka wā ma mua o ka ʻino o ka loli kaiaulu. He mea nui ia ma Finland, e like me Rusia, ua hōʻailona ʻia kēia manawa e ka piʻi ʻana o nā kiʻi ʻāina. Ua hana ʻo Sibelius ma nā ʻano ʻano like ʻole. Ua kākau ʻo ia i 2 symphonies, symphonic poems, XNUMX orchestral suites. Concerto no ka violin a me ka orchestra, XNUMX string quartets, piano quintets a me trios, chamber vocal and instrumental works, music for dramatic performances, but the composer's talent manifested itself in symphonic music.

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Ua ulu ʻo Sibelius i kahi ʻohana kahi i hoʻoikaika ʻia ai ke mele: hoʻokani ke kaikuahine o ka mea haku mele i ka piano, hoʻokani kona kaikunāne i ke cello, a hoʻokani ʻo Jan i ka piano a laila hoʻokani pila. Ma hope mai, no kēia hui hale i kākau ʻia nā haku mele mua o Sibelius. ʻO Gustav Levander, ka mea hoʻokani pila o ka hui keleawe kūloko, ʻo ia ke kumu mele mua. Ua ʻike mua ʻia ka mana haku mele o ke keiki - ua kākau ʻo Yang i kāna pāʻani liʻiliʻi mua i ka ʻumi o kona mau makahiki. Eia naʻe, ʻoiai ke kūleʻa koʻikoʻi i nā haʻawina mele, i ka makahiki 1885 ua lilo ʻo ia i haumāna ma ke kumu kānāwai o ke Kulanui o Helsingfors. Ma ka manawa like, ua aʻo ʻo ia ma ka Music Institute (e moeʻuhane ana i loko o kona puʻuwai i kahi ʻoihana virtuoso violinist), ma mua me M. Vasiliev, a laila me G. Challat.

Ma waena o nā hana ʻōpio a ka mea haku mele, ʻike ʻia nā hana o ke ʻano aloha, i ke ʻano o nā kiʻi pena o ke ʻano he wahi koʻikoʻi. He mea nui ka hāʻawi ʻana o Sibelius i kahi epigraph i ka quartet ʻōpio - kahi ʻāina ʻākau maikaʻi i kākau ʻia e ia. Hāʻawi nā kiʻi o ke ʻano i kahi ʻono kūikawā i ka papahana papahana "Florestan" no ka piano, ʻoiai ʻo ka manaʻo o ka mea haku mele e pili ana i ke kiʻi o kahi hero i ke aloha me kahi nymph ʻeleʻele nani me ka lauoho gula.

ʻO ka launa pū ʻana o Sibelius me R. Cajanus, he mea hoʻokani pila i hoʻonaʻauao ʻia, alakaʻi alakaʻi, a he mea akamai loa i ka hoʻokani pila, ʻo ia ka mea i kōkua i ka hohonu o kāna mau mele mele. Mahalo iā ia, lilo ʻo Sibelius i mea hoihoi i nā mele symphonic a me nā mea kani. He pilina pili ʻo ia me Busoni, ka mea i kono ʻia i kēlā manawa e hana ma ke ʻano he kumu ma ka Musical Institute of Helsingfors. Akā, ʻo ka kamaʻilio ʻana me ka ʻohana Yarnefelt ka mea nui loa no ka haku mele (3 mau kaikunāne: Armas - alakaʻi a haku mele, Arvid - mea kākau, Ero - mea pena, ua lilo ko lāua kaikuahine ʻo Aino i wahine a Sibelius).

No ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i kāna hoʻonaʻauao mele, hele ʻo Sibelius i waho no nā makahiki 2: i Kelemania a me Austria (1889-91), kahi i hoʻomaikaʻi ai i kāna hoʻonaʻauao mele, aʻo pū me A. Becker a me K. Goldmark. Ua aʻo maikaʻi ʻo ia i ka hana a R. Wagner, J. Brahms a me A. Bruckner a lilo ʻo ia i mea mālama ola i nā mele papahana. Wahi a ka mea haku mele, "hiki i ke mele ke hōʻike piha i kona mana ke hāʻawi ʻia i ke alakaʻi e kekahi poʻe mele, ʻo ia hoʻi, ke hui ʻia nā mele a me nā mele." Ua hānau pololei ʻia kēia hopena i ka manawa i kālailai ai ka haku mele i nā ʻano hana like ʻole o ka haku mele ʻana, ke aʻo ʻana i nā ʻano a me nā laʻana o nā hana koʻikoʻi o nā kula haku mele ʻEulopa. Ma ʻApelila 29, 1892, ma Finland, ma lalo o ke alakaʻi ʻana a ka mea kākau, ua hoʻokani ʻia ka poem "Kullervo" (e pili ana i kahi ʻāpana mai "Kalevala") me ka lanakila nui no nā soloists, choir and symphony orchestra. Ua manaʻo ʻia kēia lā ka lā hānau o nā mele ʻoihana Finnish. Ua huli pinepine ʻo Sibelius i ka epic Finnish. ʻO ka hui ʻo "Lemminkäinen" no kahi ʻaka mele symphony i lawe mai i ka haku mele i kaulana maoli ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa.

I ka hopena o 90s. Hoʻokumu ʻo Sibelius i ka mele symphonic "Finland" (1899) a me ka Symphony Mua (1898-99). I ka manawa like, hana ʻo ia i nā mele no nā hana keaka. ʻO ka mele kaulana loa no ka pāʻani "Kuolema" na A. Yarnefeld, ʻo ia hoʻi "The Sad Waltz" (ʻo ka makuahine o ka protagonist, e make ana, ʻike i ke kiʻi o kāna kāne make, ʻo ia hoʻi, kono iā ia e hula. , a make ʻo ia i ka leo o ka waltz). Ua kākau pū ʻo Sibelius i nā mele no nā hana: Pelléas et Mélisande na M. Maeterlinck (1905), Belshazzar's Feast na J. Prokope (1906), The White Swan na A. Strindberg (1908), The Tempest na W. Shakespeare (1926).

I ka makahiki 1906-07. Ua kipa aku ʻo ia iā St. Petersburg a me Moscow, kahi i hui ai me N. Rimsky-Korsakov a me A. Glazunov. ʻO ka mea haku mele e nānā nui i nā mele symphonic - no ka laʻana, i ka makahiki 1900 ua kākau ʻo ia i ka Second Symphony, a hoʻokahi makahiki ma hope mai ʻike ʻia kāna concerto kaulana no ka violin a me ka orchestra. Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā hana ʻelua e ka mālamalama o nā mea mele, ka monumentality o ke ʻano. Akā inā hoʻomaluʻia ka symphony e nā kala māmā, a laila ua piha ka concerto i nā kiʻi hoʻokani. Eia kekahi, wehewehe ka mea haku mele i ka mea kani - ka violin - ma ke ʻano he mea kani e like me ke ʻano o ka mana o nā mea hōʻike i ka orchestra. Ma waena o nā hana a Sibelius i nā makahiki 1902. ʻo ke mele i hoʻoulu ʻia e Kalevala e puka hou mai ana (symphonic poem Tapiola, 20). No nā makahiki 1926 hope loa o kona ola ʻana, ʻaʻole i haku ka mea haku mele. Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole i pau ka launa pū ʻana me ka honua mele. He nui nā mea hoʻokani pila o ka honua i hele mai e ʻike iā ia. Ua hoʻokani ʻia ke mele a Sibelius i nā ʻaha mele a he mea hoʻonani ia o ka repertoire o nā mea hoʻokani pila a me nā alakaʻi o ke kenekulia 30.

L. Kozhevnikova