Nikolai Karlovich Medtner |

Nikolai Medtner

ʻO wau ka hope i ke kiʻi palena ʻole Ua hiki i ke kēkelē kiʻekiʻe. Ua minoaka mai ka nani ia'u; Aia wau i loko o ka puʻuwai o nā kānaka aʻu i ʻike ai i ka lokahi me kaʻu mau hana. A. Pushkin. ʻO Mozart lāua ʻo Salieri

Nohoʻo N. Medtner i kahi kūikawā ma ka moʻolelo o ka moʻomeheu mele Lūkini a me ka honua. ʻO kahi mea pena kiʻi o ke ʻano maoli, kahi mea haku mele, piano a me kumu, ʻaʻole i hoʻopili ʻo Medtner i kekahi o nā ʻano mele i ʻike ʻia o ka hapa mua o ke kenekulia XNUMX. Ke hoʻokokoke nei i kekahi hapa i ka aesthetics o ka German romantics (F. Mendelssohn, R. Schumann), a mai Lūkini haku mele iā S. Taneyev a me A. Glazunov, Medtner i ka manawa like me ka mea pena kiʻi e hooikaika ana no ka hou horizons hana, he nui ia i loko. maʻamau me nā mea hou nani. Stravinsky a me S. Prokofiev.

Ua hele mai ʻo Medtner mai kahi ʻohana waiwai i nā kuʻuna noʻeau: ʻo kona makuahine he ʻelele o ka ʻohana mele kaulana ʻo Gedike; ʻO ke kaikunāne ʻo Emilius he kanaka akeakamai, mea kākau, mea hoʻokani pila (pseudo Wolfing); ʻO kekahi kaikunāne ʻo Alexander, he mea hoʻokani pila a he alakaʻi. I ka makahiki 1900, ua puka maikaʻi ʻo N. Medtner mai ka Conservatory o Moscow ma ka papa piano o V. Safonov. Ma ka manawa like, ua aʻo pū ʻo ia i ka haku mele ma lalo o ke alakaʻi a S. Taneyev lāua ʻo A. Arensky. Ua kākau ʻia kona inoa ma ka papa marble o ka Conservatory Moscow. Ua hoʻomaka ʻo Medtner i kāna ʻoihana me ka hana kūleʻa ma ka III International Competition. A. Rubinstein (Vienna, 1900) a ua lanakila ʻo ia ma ke ʻano he haku mele me kāna mau haku mele mua (pili piano "Mood Pictures", etc.). Ua lohe koke ʻia ka leo o Medtner, he mea hoʻokani pila a haku mele e nā mea hoʻokani pila. Me nā ʻaha mele a S. Rachmaninov lāua ʻo A. Scriabin, ʻo nā ʻaha mele a ka mea kākau a Medtner he mau hanana i ke ola mele ma Rūsia a ma waho. Ua hoʻomanaʻo ʻo M. Shahinyan i kēia mau ahiahi "he hoʻomaha no ka poʻe hoʻolohe."

I ka makahiki 1909-10 a me 1915-21. He polopeka piano ʻo Medtner ma Moscow Conservatory. Ma waena o kāna mau haumāna he nui nā mea mele kaulana ma hope: A. Shatskes, N. Shtember, B. Khaikin. Ua hoʻohana ʻo B. Sofronitsky, L. Oborin i ka ʻōlelo aʻo a Medtner. I ka makahiki 20. He lālā ʻo Medtner o ka MUZO Narkompros a kamaʻilio pinepine me A. Lunacharsky.

Mai ka makahiki 1921, noho ʻo Medtner i nā ʻāina ʻē, e hāʻawi ana i nā ʻahamele ma ʻEulopa a me ʻAmelika. ʻO nā makahiki hope o kona ola ʻana a hiki i kona make ʻana, ua noho ʻo ia ma ʻEnelani. ʻO nā makahiki āpau i hala ma waho, ua noho mau ʻo Medtner i mea pena kiʻi Lūkini. "Moʻo wau e hele i koʻu ʻāina hānau a pāʻani i mua o koʻu poʻe kamaʻāina," i kākau ai ʻo ia i kekahi o kāna mau leka hope loa. Ua uhi ʻia ka hoʻoilina hoʻoilina o Medtner ma mua o 60 opuses, ʻo ka hapa nui o ia mau mea he mele piano a me nā mele. Ua hoʻomaikaʻi ʻo Medtner i ke ʻano nui i kāna mau ʻakaʻaka piano ʻekolu a ma ka Ballad Concerto, ua hōʻike ʻia ke ʻano o ka chamber-instrumental e ka Piano Quintet.

Ma kāna mau hana, ʻo Medtner kahi mea pena kiʻi kumu maoli a ʻoiaʻiʻo maoli, e noʻonoʻo pono ana i nā ʻano kiʻi paʻakikī o kona au. Hōʻike ʻia kāna mele e ka manaʻo o ke olakino ʻuhane a me ka hilinaʻi i nā ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo maikaʻi loa o nā papa mele, ʻoiai ua loaʻa i ka mea haku mele ka manawa e lanakila ai i nā kānalua he nui a i kekahi manawa e hōʻike iā ia iho i kahi ʻōlelo paʻakikī. Hōʻike kēia i kahi kūlike ma waena o Medtner a me nā haku mele o kona au e like me A. Blok a me Andrei Bely.

Noho ʻia ke kikowaena o ka hoʻoilina hoʻoilina o Medtner e 14 mau sonata piano. ʻO ka hoʻoulu ʻana me ka noʻonoʻo hoʻoikaika, loaʻa iā lākou kahi honua holoʻokoʻa o nā kiʻi mele hohonu hohonu. Hōʻike ʻia lākou e ka laulā o nā ʻano like ʻole, ka hauʻoli aloha, ka noʻonoʻo i loko a i ka manawa like me ka noʻonoʻo ʻana. ʻO kekahi o nā sonata he papahana ma ke ʻano ("Sonata-elegy", "Sonata-fairy tale", "Sonata-hoʻomanaʻo", "Romantic sonata", "Thunderous sonata", a me nā mea ʻē aʻe), he ʻano like ʻole lākou a pau. a me nā kiʻi mele. No laila, no ka laʻana, inā ʻo kekahi o nā sonata epic nui loa (op. 25) he keaka maoli i nā leo, he kiʻi mele nui o ka hoʻokō ʻana i ka mele philosophical a F. Tyutchev "He aha kāu e uwē nei e ka makani pō", a laila "Sonata-hoʻomanaʻo" (mai ka pōʻaiapuni Forgotten Motives, op.38) ua hoʻokomoʻia me ka poetry o ka haku mele Lūkiniʻoiaʻiʻo, nā mele mālie o kaʻuhane. Ua kapa ʻia kahi hui kaulana loa o nā haku piano he "fairy tales" (he ʻano i hana ʻia e Medtner) a ua hōʻike ʻia e nā pōʻai he ʻumi. He hōʻuluʻulu kēia o nā pāʻani lyrical-narrative a me lyrical-dramatic me nā kumuhana like ʻole ("Russian Fairy Tale", "Lear in the Steppe", "Knight's Procession", etc.). ʻAʻole i emi iki ka kaulana ʻo 3 pōʻai o nā ʻāpana piano ma lalo o ke poʻo inoa "Forgotten Motifs".

ʻO nā concerto piano na Medtner he mau mele nui a kokoke, ʻo ka mea maikaʻi loa o lākou ʻo ka First (1921), nona nā kiʻi i hoʻoulu ʻia e nā haunaele weliweli o ke Kaua Honua Mua.

ʻOkoʻa nā ʻano aloha o Medtner (ʻoi aku ma mua o 100) i ke ʻano a me ka hōʻike ʻana, ʻo ka pinepine, ua kāohi ʻia lākou i nā mele me ka ʻike noʻonoʻo hohonu. Ua kākau pinepine ʻia lākou ma ke ʻano o ka monologue lyrical, e hōʻike ana i ke ao ʻuhane o ke kanaka; nui ka poʻe i hoʻolaʻa i nā kiʻi o ke ʻano. ʻO nā haku mele punahele a Medtner ʻo A. Pushkin (32 romances), F. Tyutchev (15), IV Goethe (30). I loko o nā ʻōlelo a kēia poʻe haku mele, ʻo ia mau hiʻohiʻona hou o ke keʻena mele leo o ka makahiki 1935th kenekulia e like me ka hoʻouna maʻalahi o ka haʻi ʻōlelo a me ka hana nui, i kekahi manawa hoʻoholo o ka ʻāpana piano, e puka mai me ka hōʻoluʻolu, i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka haku mele. ʻAʻole ʻike ʻia ʻo Medtner ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻokani pila wale nō, akā, ʻo ia hoʻi ka mea kākau o nā puke ma ke ʻano mele: Muse and Fashion (1963) a me The Daily Work of a Pianist and Composer (XNUMX).

ʻO nā loina hana a me ka hana o Medtner he hopena koʻikoʻi i ka hana mele o ke kenekulia XNUMX. Ua hoʻomohala ʻia a hoʻomohala ʻia kāna mau kuʻuna e nā kiʻi koʻikoʻi o ke kiʻi mele: AN Aleksandrov, Yu. Shaporin, V. Shebalin, E. Golubev a me nā mea'ē aʻe. -d'Alheim, G. Neuhaus, S. Richter, I. Arkhipova, E. Svetlanov a me na mea e ae.

ʻO ke ala o nā mele Lūkini a me nā mele honua hou e like me ka hikiʻole ke noʻonoʻo me kaʻole o Medtner, e like me ka hikiʻole ke noʻonoʻo me kaʻole o kona mau hoa nuiʻo S. Rachmaninov, A. Scriabin, I. Stravinsky a me S. Prokofiev.

E pili ana. Tompakova