Alexander Alexandrovich Alyabyev (Alexander Alyabyev) |

ʻO Alexander Alyabyev

… ʻOi aku ka pili o nā mea maoli i ka puʻuwai. Ola ka naʻau E, e hīmeni, e, e hoʻomaka: Kuʻu pō, kuʻu pō! V. Domontovych

Ua ʻike ʻia kēia talena ma ke ʻano o ka naʻau ʻuhane a me ka hoʻokō ʻana i nā pono o nā puʻuwai kanaka he nui i kuʻi me nā mele mele a Alyabyev ... Ua noho pū ʻo ia me ka ʻokoʻa o ka nānā ʻana o ka noʻonoʻo, kokoke he "feuilletonist mai ke mele", me ka ʻike i ka pono o nā puʻuwai o kona mau hoa… B. Asafiev

Aia nā haku mele i loaʻa ka kaulana a me ka make ʻole ma muli o ka hana hoʻokahi. ʻO ia hoʻi ʻo A. Alyabyev - ka mea kākau o ke aloha kaulana "The Nightingale" i nā pauku o A. Delvig. Hīmeni ʻia kēia aloha ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa, hoʻolaʻa ʻia nā mele a me nā moʻolelo nona, aia ia ma nā hoʻololi ʻana i ka ʻaha mele e M. Glinka, A. Dubuc, F. Liszt, A. Vietana, a ʻo ka helu o kāna mau palapala inoa ʻole he palena ʻole. Eia naʻe, ma waho aʻe o ka Nightingale, ua haʻalele ʻo Alyabyev i kahi hoʻoilina nui: 6 opera, ballet, vaudeville, mele no ka hana, kahi symphony, overtures, haku mele no ka hui keleawe, nui choral, keena mea kani nā hana, ʻoi aku ma mua o 180 romances, hoʻonohonoho o nā mele makaʻāinana. Ua hoʻokani ʻia ka nui o kēia mau mele i ka wā e ola ana ka mea haku mele, ua kūleʻa lākou, ʻoiai he kakaikahi nā mea i paʻi ʻia - romances, mau ʻāpana piano, melodrama "The Prisoner of the Caucasus" na A. Pushkin.

He mea kupanaha ka hopena o Alyabyev. No nā makahiki he nui, ua ʻoki ʻia ʻo ia mai ke ola mele o nā kūlanakauhale nui, ola a make ma lalo o ka ʻauamo o ka lua kupapaʻu, ka hoʻopiʻi pono ʻole o ka pepehi kanaka, ka mea i uhaʻi i kona ola ma ka paepae o kona lā hānau he kanahā, e māhele ana i kāna moʻolelo i ʻelua mau manawa like ʻole. . Ua hele maikaʻi ka mea mua. Ua lilo nā makahiki kamaliʻi ma Tobolsk, ʻo kona kiaʻāina ʻo ia ka makua kāne o Alyabyev, he kanaka naʻauao, lokomaikaʻi, aloha nui i nā mele. Ma 1796, neʻe ka ʻohana i St. Petersburg, kahi i ka makahiki 14 i kākau inoa ʻia ʻo Alexander ma ka lawelawe o ka ʻoihana mining. Ma ka manawa like, ua hoʻomaka nā haʻawina mele koʻikoʻi me I. Miller, ka "mea hoʻokani counterpoint kaulana" (M. Glinka), kahi i aʻo ai i nā mea hoʻokani mele Lūkini a me nā haole. Mai ka makahiki 1804, noho ʻo Alyabyev ma Moscow, a ma ʻaneʻi i ka makahiki 1810. ua paʻi ʻia kāna mau haku mele mua - nā mele, nā ʻāpana piano, ua kākau ʻia ka First String Quartet (i paʻi mua ʻia i ka makahiki 1952). ʻO kēia mau haku mele paha nā hiʻohiʻona mua loa o nā mea kani a me nā mele leo o ke keʻena Lūkini. I loko o ke aloha uhane o ka haku mele opiopio, ka sentimental poetry o V. Zhukovsky loaa i ka kūikawā pane ia manawa, ma hope haawi ala i na poems o Pushkin, Delvig, ka Decembrist poets, a ma ka hopena o kona ola - N. Ogarev.

Ua hoʻokuʻu ke Kaua Patriotic War o 1812 i nā makemake mele i hope. Ua hāʻawi manawaleʻa ʻo Alyabyev no ka pūʻali koa, kaua pū me ka mea kaulana ʻo Denis Davydov, ua ʻeha, hāʻawi ʻia i ʻelua kauoha a me ka mekala. Ua wehe ʻia ka manaʻolana o kahi ʻoihana koa maikaʻi i mua ona, akā, ʻaʻole i manaʻo i ka makemake, ua haʻalele ʻo Alyabyev i ka makahiki 1823. Noho ʻo ia ma Moscow a me St. I loko o ka hale o ka mea pāʻani ʻo A. Shakhovsky, ua hui ʻo ia me N. Vsevolozhsky, ka mea nāna i hoʻonohonoho i ka hui kākau ʻōlelo Green Lamp; me I. Gnedich, I. Krylov, A. Bestuzhev. Ma Moscow, i nā ahiahi me A. Griboyedov, hoʻokani meleʻo ia me A. Verstovsky, nā kaikuaʻana Vielgorsky, V. Odoevsky. Ua komo ʻo Alyabyev i nā ʻaha mele ma ke ʻano he pianist a me ka mea mele (he tenor nani), i haku nui a loaʻa ka mana ma waena o nā mea mele a me nā mea aloha mele. I ka makahiki 20. vaudevilles na M. Zagoskin, P. Arapov, A. Pisarev me ke mele a Alyabyev i hoikeia ma na kahua o Moscow a me St. Petersburg hale keaka, a ma 1823 ma St. hana ʻia me ka lanakila nui (free. P. Mukhanov a me P. Arapova). … ʻAʻole ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o nā keaka a Alyabyev ma mua o nā keaka mele Farani, – ua kākau ʻo Odoevsky ma kekahi o kāna mau ʻatikala.

I ka lā 24 o Pepeluali, 1825, ua loaʻa ka pōʻino: i ka wā o ka pāʻani kāleka ma ka hale o Alyabyev, ua hoʻopaʻapaʻa nui, ua make koke kekahi o kāna poʻe komo. Ma kahi ʻano ʻē, ua hoʻopiʻi ʻia ʻo Alyabyev no kēia make a, ma hope o ka hoʻokolokolo ʻana i ʻekolu makahiki, ua hoʻokuʻu ʻia ʻo ia i Siberia. Ua hoʻomaka nā huakaʻi hele lōʻihi: Tobolsk, Caucasus, Orenburg, Kolomna ...

… Lawe ʻia kou manaʻo, Paʻa paʻa ka hale paʻa ʻŌ, e kala mai, kā mākou pō, ʻO ka pō leo nui… Ua kākau ʻo Delvig.

“… Mai noho e like me kou makemake, aka e like me ke kauoha a ke Akua; ʻAʻohe mea i ʻike e like me aʻu, he kanaka hewa ... ”ʻO ke kaikuahine ʻo Ekaterina wale nō, nāna i hahai i kona kaikunāne i ke pio ʻana, a ua hoʻopakele ʻia kāna mele punahele mai ke kaumaha. I ke pio ʻana, ua hoʻonohonoho ʻo Alyabyev i kahi mele a hoʻokani ʻia i nā ʻaha mele. Ke neʻe nei mai kahi wahi a i kekahi, ua hoʻopaʻa ʻo ia i nā mele o nā poʻe o Rūsia - Caucasian, Bashkir, Kyrgyz, Turkmen, Tatar, hoʻohana i kā lākou mau mele a me nā leo i kāna mau mele. Me ka mea kākau moʻolelo Ukrainian a me ka mea kākau moʻolelo M. Maksimovich Alyabiev i hōʻuluʻulu i kahi hōʻiliʻili o "Voices of Ukrainian Songs" (1834) a haku mau. Ua kākau ʻo ia i nā mele i loko o ka hale paʻahao: ʻoiai i ka hoʻokolokolo ʻana, ua hana ʻo ia i kekahi o kāna mau quartets maikaʻi loa - ʻo ke kolu, me nā ʻano like ʻole o ke kumuhana Nightingale ma ka hapa lohi, a me ka Magic Drum ballet, ʻaʻole i haʻalele i nā pae o nā hale kiʻiʻoniʻoni Lūkini. no na makahiki he nui.

I loko o nā makahiki, ua'ike'ia nā hi'ohi'ona autobiographical i ka hana a Alyabyev. ʻO nā kumu o ka ʻeha a me ke aloha, ka loneliness, homesickness, ka makemake i ke kūʻokoʻa - ʻo ia nā hiʻohiʻona hiʻohiʻona o nā kiʻi o ka wā o ke pio ʻana (romances "Irtysh" ma ka st. I. Vetter - 1828, "Evening Bells", ma ka st. I. Kozlov (mai T. Mura) – 1828, “Winter alanui” ma Pushkin station – 1831). ʻO ka huikau noʻonoʻo ikaika i hoʻokumu ʻia e kahi hālāwai ulia me kahi mea aloha mua ʻo E. Ofrosimova (nee Rimskaya-Korsakova). Ua hoʻoikaika kona kiʻi i ka haku mele e hana i kekahi o nā mele mele maikaʻi loa "I aloha wau iā ʻoe" ma st. Pushkin. I ka makahiki 1840, ua lilo ʻo Ofrosimova i wahine kāne make a Alyabyev. I ka makahiki 40. Ua kokokeʻo Alyabyev iā N. Ogarev. I loko o nā mele i hanaʻia ma kāna mau mele - "The Tavern", "The Hut", "The Village Watchman" - ua kani mua ke kumuhana o ka likeʻole o ka nohona, e kali ana i ka huliʻana o A. Dargomyzhsky a me M. Mussorgsky. ʻO nā manaʻo kipi kekahi ʻano o nā manaʻo o nā keaka hope ʻekolu a Alyabyev: "The Tempest" na W. Shakespeare, "Ammalat-bek" na A. Bestuzhev-Marlinsky, "Edwin a me Oscar" na nā moʻolelo Celtic kahiko. No laila, ʻoiai, e like me I. Aksakov, "ʻo ke kauwela, ka maʻi a me ka pōʻino i hoʻomaha iā ia," ʻaʻole i pau ka ʻuhane kipi o ka Decembrist i nā hana a ka mea haku mele a hiki i ka hopena o kona mau lā.

O. Averyanova