Galina Ivanovna Ustvolskaya |

Galina Ustvolskaya

ʻO ka ʻelele mua o nā mele hou ma hope o ke kaua ma ka Soviet Union. Ua hoʻomaka ʻo Galina Ustvolskaya e hana i kāna mau haku mele, i kākau ʻia i loko o kahi ʻōlelo mele i hoʻokumu ʻia, i ka hopena o 1940s - mua o 1950s - a pēlā i hoʻomaka ai kāna ʻoihana he ʻumi a me ka hapa ma mua o nā mea kākau o nā hanauna he kanaono, a hiki i ka ulu ʻana o ka haku mele wale nō. nā makahiki "hoʻoheheʻe." I kona ola ʻana a pau, ua noho ʻo ia he hermit, he malihini ʻaʻole i pili i kekahi o nā kula a i ʻole nā ​​​​hui hana.

Ua hānau ʻia ʻo Ustvolskaya i ka makahiki 1919 ma Petrograd. I ka makahiki 1937-47. Ua aʻo ʻo ia i ka haku mele me Shostakovich ma ka Leningrad Conservatory. I ka manawa i pau ai, ua ulu mua ka ʻōlelo ascetic a i ka manawa like loa o Ustvolskaya. I kēlā mau makahiki, ua hana pū ʻo ia i kekahi mau hana no ka orchestra, i kūpono i ke ʻano nui o ke ʻano nui o nā mele Soviet. ʻO Yevgeny Mravinsky kekahi o nā mea hoʻokani o kēia mau mele.

I ka hopena o nā makahiki 1950, ua haʻalele ʻo Ustvolskaya mai kāna kumu, haʻalele loa i nā hana hoʻohālikelike a alakaʻi i ke ola o kahi hoʻomaha, ʻaʻole waiwai nui i nā hanana o waho. No ka aneane hapalua haneli o ka hoʻokumu ʻana, ua hana ʻo ia i 25 mau haku mele. I kekahi manawa ua hala kekahi mau makahiki ma waena o ke ʻano o kāna mau hana hou. Ua manaʻo ʻo ia e hiki iā ia ke hana i ka wā i manaʻo ai ʻo ke Akua i kauoha i ke mele iā ia. Mai ka 1970s, ua hoʻokūpaʻa ʻia nā poʻo inoa o nā hana a Ustvolskaya i ko lākou ʻano ola a me ka ʻuhane, aia nā kikokikona o ka ʻike hoʻomana. "ʻAʻole hoʻomana kaʻu mau kākau ʻana, akā he ʻuhane ʻole, no ka mea i loko o lākou ua hāʻawi wau iaʻu iho i nā mea āpau: koʻu ʻuhane, koʻu puʻuwai," i ʻōlelo ai ʻo Ustvolskaya ma hope o kekahi o nā nīnau ninaninau.

ʻO Ustvolskaya kahi mea kūikawā o Petersburg. ʻAʻole hiki iā ia ke noʻonoʻo i kona ola me ka ʻole o kona kūlanakauhale hānau a aneane ʻaʻole i haʻalele. ʻO ka manaʻo o ka "uwē mai lalo", e hoʻopiha ana i ka hapa nui o kāna mau hana, ʻike maopopo ʻia kona moʻokūʻauhau i nā phantoms o Gogol, Dostoevsky a me Kharms. Ma kekahi o kāna mau leka, ua ʻōlelo ka haku mele ʻo kāna hana he "mele mai ka lua ʻeleʻele." Ua kākau ʻia ka nui o nā haku mele a Ustvolskaya no nā mea kani liʻiliʻi akā pinepine ʻole. Hoʻohui pū ʻia - kāna mau symphonies hope (1979-90) a me kāna mau hana i kapa ʻia ʻo "compositions" (1970-75). No ka laʻana, ʻehā wale nō mea hoʻokani i komo i kāna Fourth Symphony (Prayer, 1987), akā ua kūʻē ʻo Ustvolskaya i ke kapa ʻana i kēia mau hana "chamber music" - ikaika loa ko lākou ʻuhane a me ke mele. E haʻi mākou i nā ʻōlelo a ka mea haku mele ʻo Georgy Dorokhov (1984-2013), i make i ka manawa ʻole (hiki i kāna hana ma nā ʻano he nui ke manaʻo ʻia he hoʻoilina ʻuhane o Ustvolskaya "extreme hermitage"): e kapa ia lakou he keena. A ʻo ka mea kani liʻiliʻi mai ka noʻonoʻo ʻana o ka haku mele, ʻaʻole ia e ʻae i ka manaʻo o ka superfluous wale nō, akā i nā kikoʻī hou aku.

Ua loaʻa ka ʻike maoli iā Ustvolskaya i ka hopena o nā makahiki 1980, i ka wā i lohe ai nā mea hoʻokani pila koʻikoʻi i kāna mele ma Leningrad. I nā makahiki 1990 - 2000, ua mālama ʻia kekahi mau ʻahaʻaina honua o nā mele a Ustvolskaya (ma Amsterdam, Vienna, Bern, Warsaw a me nā kūlanakauhale ʻē aʻe o ʻEulopa), a ua loaʻa i ka hale hoʻopuka Hamburg ʻo Sikorski nā kuleana e hoʻolaha i kāna mau hana āpau. Ua lilo ka Creativity Ustvolskaya i kumuhana o ka noiʻi a me nā dissertation. I ka manawa like, ua hele nā ​​huakaʻi mua o ka mea haku mele ma waho, kahi o nā mea hana o kāna mau hana ʻo Mstislav Rostropovich, Charles Mackerras, Reinbert de Leeuw, Frank Denyer, Patricia Kopatchinskaya, Markus Hinterhäuser a me nā mea hoʻokani pila kaulana. Ma Rusia,ʻo nā unuhi'ōlelo maikaʻi loa o Ustvolskayaʻo Anatoly Vedernikov, Alexei Lyubimov, Oleg Malov, Ivan Sokolov, Fedor Amirov.

ʻO ka haku mele hope loa a Ustvolskaya (Fifth Symphony "Amen") i ka makahiki 1990. Ma hope o ia mea, e like me kāna, ua pau ka manaʻo i ka lima akua e kuhikuhi ana i nā haku mele hou iā ia. ʻO ia ka mea i hoʻopau ʻia kāna hana me ka Soviet Leningrad, a ua haʻalele ʻo ia iā ia i ka "gangster Petersburg" manuahi o nā makahiki 1990. No nā makahiki he ʻumi a me ka hapa i hala, ʻaʻole ʻo ia i komo i ke ola mele o kona kūlanakauhale, a ʻaʻole ʻo ia i kamaʻilio pū me nā mea kākau mele a me nā mea nūpepa. Ua make ʻo Galina Ustvolskaya i ka makahiki ʻelemakule ma 2006. He kakaikahi wale nō ka poʻe i hele i kona hoʻolewa. I ka makahiki o ka lā hānau 90th o ka haku mele (2009), ua mālama ʻia nā ʻaha mele makahiki o kāna mau haku mele ma Moscow a me St.

Puna: meloman.ru