Karlheinz Stockhausen |
Karlheinz Stockhausen
ʻO ka mea haku mele Kelemānia, ka mea haku mele a me ka mea noʻonoʻo, kekahi o nā ʻelele nui loa o ka post-war musical avant-garde. Hānau ʻia i ka makahiki 1928 ma ke kūlanakauhale ʻo Medrat kokoke i Cologne. I ka makahiki 1947-51 ua aʻo ʻo ia ma ke kula kiʻekiʻe ʻo Cologne. Ua hoʻomaka ʻo ia i ka haku mele ma 1950 a lilo ʻo ia i mea komo i ka Darmstadt International Summer Courses for New Music (kahi āna i aʻo ai ma hope no nā makahiki he nui). Ma 1952-53 ua aʻo ʻo ia ma Paris me Messiaen a ua hana ʻo ia ma ka Studio "concrete music" o Pierre Schaeffer. I ka makahiki 1953, ua hoʻomaka ʻo ia e hana ma ka West German Radio's Electronic Music Studio ma Cologne (ma hope o ke alakaʻi ʻana iā ia mai 1963-73). I ka makahiki 1954-59 ʻo ia kekahi o nā mea hoʻoponopono o ka puke mele mele "Row" (Die Reihe), i hoʻolaʻa ʻia i nā pilikia o nā mele o kēia wā. I ka makahiki 1963 ua hoʻokumu ʻo ia i ka Cologne Courses for New Music a hiki i ka makahiki 1968 i lilo i alakaʻi alakaʻi. I ka makahiki 1970-77, he polopeka 'o ia no ka haku mele ma ke kula ki'eki'e o ke mele 'o Cologne.
Ma 1969 ua hoʻokumu ʻo ia i kāna "Stockhausen Publishing House" (Stockhausen Verlag), kahi i hoʻopuka ai i kāna mau helu hou a pau, a me nā puke, nā moʻolelo, nā puke liʻiliʻi, nā puke a me nā papahana. Ma ka 1970 Osaka World Fair, kahi i hōʻike ai ʻo Stockhausen iā West Germany, ua kūkulu ʻia kahi hale hoʻopololei kūikawā no kāna papahana Expo electro-acoustic. Mai ka 1970s, ua alakaʻi ʻo ia i kahi ola kūʻokoʻa i hoʻopuni ʻia e ka ʻohana a me nā mea hoʻokani mele ma ke kūlanakauhale ʻo Kürten. Ua hana ʻo ia ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻokani o kāna mau mele ponoʻī - me nā mele symphony a me kāna hui "ʻohana". Ua kākau a hoʻopuka ʻo ia i nā ʻatikala e pili ana i ke mele, i hōʻiliʻili ʻia ma lalo o ke poʻo inoa nui "Texts" (ma 10 mau puke). Mai ka makahiki 1998, ua mālama ʻia ka International Courses in Composition and Interpretation of Stockhausen's Music i kēlā me kēia kauwela ma Kürten. Ua make ka haku mele ma ka lā 5 o Dekemaba, 2007 ma Kürten. Ua kapa ʻia kekahi o nā pā kūlanakauhale ma muli ona.
Ua hele ʻo Stockhausen i nā manawa he nui i kāna hana. I ka hoʻomaka ʻana o nā makahiki 1950, huli ʻo ia i ka serialism a me ka pointillism. Mai ka waena o 1950s - i ke mele uila a me "spatial". ʻO kekahi o kāna mau hana kiʻekiʻe loa o kēia manawa ʻo ia ʻo "Groups" (1957) no ʻekolu symphony orchestras. A laila hoʻomaka ʻo ia e hoʻomohala i ka "ʻano o nā manawa" (Momentform) - kahi ʻano "open form" (i kapa ʻia ʻo Boulez aleatoric). Inā i loko o ka 1950s – mua 1960s Stockhausen ka hana i hoʻomohala ʻia ma ka ʻuhane o ka holomua ʻepekema a me ka ʻenehana o ia au, a laila mai ka waena o 1960s ua loli ia ma lalo o ka mana o nā manaʻo esoteric. Hāʻawi ka mea haku mele iā ia iho i nā mele "intuitive" a me "universal", kahi e hoʻoikaika ai ʻo ia e hoʻohui i nā kumu mele a me ka ʻuhane. ʻO kāna mau mele hoʻopau manawa e hoʻohui i nā waiwai o ka hoʻomana a me ka hana, a ʻo "Mantra" no nā piano ʻelua (1970) i kūkulu ʻia ma ke kumu o ka "formal formula".
ʻO ka pōʻaiapuni opera nui "Light. ʻEhiku mau lā o ka pule" ma ka hōʻailona-cosmogonic plot, i hana ʻia e ka mea kākau mai 1977 a 2003. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ka pōʻai o ʻehiku mau opera (ʻo kēlā me kēia me nā inoa o kēlā me kēia lā o ka pule - e kuhikuhi ana iā mākou i ke kiʻi o ka ʻehiku lā o Creation) kokoke i 30 mau hola a ʻoi aku ma mua o Wagner's Der Ring des Nibelungen. ʻO ka papahana hana hope loa a Stockhausen i hoʻopau ʻole ʻia ʻo "Sound. 24 mau hola o ka lā ”(2004-07) – 24 haku mele, pono e hana ʻia kēlā me kēia i hoʻokahi o nā hola 24 o ka lā. ʻO kekahi ʻano koʻikoʻi o Stockhausen, ʻo ia kāna mau haku piano, a ua kapa ʻia ʻo ia ʻo "nā ʻāpana piano" (Klavierstücke). 19 mau hana ma lalo o kēia poʻo inoa, i haku ʻia mai ka makahiki 1952 a hiki i ka makahiki 2003, e hōʻike ana i nā manawa nui o ka hana a ka haku mele.
I ka makahiki 1974, ua lilo ʻo Stockhausen i Commander o ka Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany, a laila ʻo Commander of the Order of Arts and Letters (France, 1985), laureate o ka Ernst von Siemens Music Prize (1986), ke kauka hanohano o ka. Ke Kulanui Kūʻokoʻa o Berlin (1996), he lālā o kekahi mau kula haole. I ka makahiki 1990, ua hele mai ʻo Stockhausen i ka USSR me kāna mau mea hoʻokani pila a me nā mea kani ma ke ʻano he ʻāpana o ka hoʻolauleʻa mele makahiki no ka makahiki 40 o ka FRG.
Puna: meloman.ru
