Nikolai Peyko |

Nikolai Peyko

Mahalo au i kāna talena ma ke ʻano he kumu a haku mele, manaʻo wau he kanaka naʻauao kiʻekiʻe a maʻemaʻe ʻuhane. S. Gubaidlina

ʻO kēlā me kēia hana hou a N. Peiko e hoʻāla i ka hoihoi maoli o ka poʻe hoʻolohe, e lilo i hanana i ke ola mele ma ke ʻano he ʻano nani a kumu maoli o ka moʻomeheu noʻeau. ʻO ka hui pū ʻana me ka mele a ka mea haku mele he manawa kūpono ia no ke kamaʻilio ʻuhane me ko kākou wā hou, e nānā hohonu a koʻikoʻi hoʻi i nā pilikia pono o ka honua a puni. Hana ikaika ka haku mele, me ka wiwo ʻole i ke ʻano o nā ʻano mele like ʻole. Ua hana ʻo ia i 8 symphonies, he nui o nā hana no ka orchestra, 3 ballets, opera, cantatas, oratorios, chamber-instrumental and vocal works, mele no nā hana keaka, nā kiʻiʻoniʻoni, nā hoʻolaha lekiō.

Ua hānau ʻia ʻo Peiko i loko o ka ʻohana naʻauao. I ka wā kamaliʻi a me ka ʻōpio, ʻo kāna mau haʻawina mele he ʻano hoʻokalakupua. ʻO kahi hālāwai manawa me G. Litinsky, ka mea i mahalo nui i ke kālena o ke kanaka ʻōpio, ua hoʻololi ʻo ia i ka hopena o Peiko: ua lilo ʻo ia i haumāna no ke keʻena haku mele o ke kula mele, a ma 1937 ua komo ʻo ia i ke kolu o ka makahiki o ka Moscow Conservatory. mai kahi i puka ai ʻo ia ma ka papa o N. Myaskovsky. Aia i nā makahiki 40. Ua haʻi ʻo Peiko iā ia iho ma ke ʻano he haku mele no nā talena nani a kumu, a ma ke ʻano he kanaka lehulehu, a ma ke ʻano he alakaʻi. ʻO nā hana koʻikoʻi o nā 40-50s. hōʻike i ke akamai ulu; i ke koho ʻana i nā kumuhana, nā manaʻo, nā manaʻo, ke ola o ka naʻauao, ka nānā koʻikoʻi, ke ao holoʻokoʻa o nā makemake, ka laulā o ka nānā a me ka moʻomeheu kiʻekiʻe.

ʻO Peiko kahi mele mele. I kēia manawa i ka hana symphonic mua, ua hoʻoholo ʻia nā hiʻohiʻona o kona ʻano, kahi i ʻike ʻia e ka hui pū ʻana o ka manaʻo o loko o ka manaʻo me kāna ʻōlelo paʻa. ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona koʻikoʻi o ka hana a Peiko, ʻo ia ka hoʻopiʻi ʻana i nā kuʻuna lāhui o nā lāhui o ka honua. Ua hōʻike ʻia ka ʻokoʻa o nā makemake ethnographic i ka hana ʻana o ka Bashkir opera mua "Aikhylu" (me M. Valeev, 1941), ma ka suite "From Yakut Legends", ma ka "Moldavian Suite", ma ʻEhiku mau ʻāpana ma nā kumuhana. o na Lahui o ka USSR, a pela aku. Ma keia mau hana, ua alakaiia ka mea kakau e ka manao e hoikeike i ke ano hou ma o ka prism o na manao mele a me ka poetic o na kanaka o na lahui like ole.

60-70s ʻO ka manawa kēia no ka ulu ʻana a me ke oʻo. Ua kaulana ka ballet Joan of Arc i nā ʻāina ʻē, ʻo ka hana ʻana i hana ʻia ma mua o ka hana koʻikoʻi ma nā kumu kumu mua - nā mele mele a me nā mele ʻoihana o ka medieval Farani. I loko o kēia manawa, ua hoʻokumu ʻia ka manaʻo aloha ʻāina o kāna hana a kani ikaika ʻia, pili me ka hoʻopiʻi ʻana i nā monuments o ka mōʻaukala a me ka moʻomeheu o ka poʻe Lūkini, kā lākou mau hana koa i ke kaua i hala. Ma waena o kēia mau hana, ʻo ia ka oratorio "The Night of Tsar Ivan" (e pili ana i ka moʻolelo a AK Tolstoy "The Silver Prince"), ka symphonic cycle "In the Strade of War". I ka makahiki 80. ma ka laina me kēia kuhikuhi, ua hana ʻia kēia mau mea: ʻo ka oratorio "Days of old battles" e pili ana i ka monument o ka palapala Lūkini kahiko "Zadonshchina", ke keʻena cantata "Pinezhie" e pili ana i nā hana a F. Abramov.

I kēia mau makahiki a pau, ke hoʻomau nei nā mele orchestral i kahi alakaʻi i ka hana a ka mea haku mele. ʻO kāna mau mele ʻehā a me ʻelima, ʻo ka Symphony Concerto, nāna i hoʻomohala i nā kuʻuna maikaʻi loa o ka symphony epic Russian, ua loaʻa ka leo nui loa o ka lehulehu. ʻO ka ʻokoʻa o nā ʻano leo a me nā ʻano leo i apo ʻia e Peiko. ʻO nā hana no ka leo a me ka piano (ʻoi aku ma mua o 70) e hoʻokomo i ka makemake no ka hoʻomaopopo pono a me ka noʻonoʻo o nā kikokikona mele a A. Blok, S. Yesenin, nā poʻe mele kahiko Kina a me ʻAmelika hou. Ua loaʻa ka hoʻopiʻi nui o ka lehulehu e nā hana e pili ana i nā pauku o nā poʻe Soviet - A. Surkov, N. Zabolotsky, D. Kedrin, V. Nabokov.

Ua hauʻoli ʻo Peiko i ka mana ʻole i waena o nā haku mele ʻōpio. Mai kāna papa (a ua aʻo ʻo ia mai 1942 ma Moscow Conservatory, mai 1954 ma ke Keʻena ʻo Gnessin) ua puka mai kahi galaxy holoʻokoʻa o nā mea hoʻokani mele kiʻekiʻe (E. Ptichkin, E. Tumanyan, A. Zhurbin, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe).

L. Rapatskaya

Nā haku mele:

keaka mele Aikhylu (hoʻoponopono ʻia e MM Valeev, 1943, Ufa; 2nd ed., co-author, 1953, piha); baleta - Nā makani puna (me 3. V. Khabibulin, e pili ana i ka puke moʻolelo na K. Nadzhimy, 1950), Jeanne d'Arc (1957, Musical Theatre i kapaʻia ma hope o Stanislavsky a me Nemirovich-Danchenko, Moscow), Birch Grove (1964) ; no ka poe hookani solo, himeni a me ka orkestra – Cantata Builders of the Future (lyrics by NA Zabolotsky, 1952), oratorio The Night of Tsar Ivan (ma hope o AK Tolstoy, 1967); no ka hookani pila – symphonies (1946; 1946-1960; 1957; 1965; 1969; 1972; concert-symphony, 1974), suites Mai ka Yakut legends (1940; 2nd ed. 1957), Mai Rusia kahiko (1948.); Moldavian suite (2), symphonietta (1963), nā ʻano like ʻole (1950), 1940 mau ʻāpana ma nā kumumanaʻo o nā poʻe o ka USSR (1947), Symphonic ballad (7), overture To the world (1951), Capriccio (no nā symphonic liʻiliʻi. orc. , 1959); no ka piano a me ka orkestra - 'aha mele (1954); no ka violin a me ka hoʻokani pila – Concert Fantasy on Finnish Themes (1953), 2nd Concert Fantasy (1964); lumi hoʻokani pila – 3 kaula. quartet (1963, 1965, 1976), fp. quintet (1961), decimet (1971); no ka piano – 2 sonata (1950, 1975), 3 sonata (1942, 1943, 1957), hoʻololi (1957), etc.; no ka leo a me ka piano – wok. cycles Heart of a Warrior (nā huaʻōlelo na nā haku mele Soviet, 1943), Harlem Night Sounds (nā huaʻōlelo a nā poʻe mele US, 1946-1965), 3 mele. nā kiʻi (nā mele na SA Yesenin, 1960), Lyric cycle (lirics na G. Apollinaire, 1961), 8 wok. poems and triptych Autumn landscapes on the verses of HA Zabolotsky (1970, 1976), romances on the lyrics. AA Blok (1944-65), Bo-Jui-i (1952) a me nā mea ʻē aʻe; mele no na hana keaka. t-ra, nā kiʻiʻoniʻoni a me nā hōʻike lekiō.

Nā hana moʻokalaleo: E pili ana i ke mele o ka Yakuts "SM", 1940, No 2 (me I. Shteiman); 27th symphony na N. Ya. Myaskovsky, ma ka puke: N. Ya. Myaskovsky. Nā ʻatikala, nā leka, nā memo, vol. 1, M., 1959; Hoʻomanaʻo no ke kumu, ibid.; G. Berlioz – R. Strauss – S. Gorchakov. Ma ka puke Lūkini o Berlioz's "Treatise", "SM", 1974, No 1; ʻElua mau mea kani. (Compositional analysis of the plays by O. Messiaen and V. Lutoslavsky), in Sat: Music and Modernity, vol. 9, M., 1975.

E hoʻomaopopo ': Belyaev V., Nā hana Symphonic a N. Peiko, "SM", 1947, No 5; Boganova T., No ke mele a N. Peiko, ibid., 1962, No 2; Grigoryeva G., NI Peiko. Moscow, 1965. nona iho, Vocal Lyrics by N. Peiko and his cycle on the verses of N. Zabolotsky, in Sat: Music and Modernity, vol. 8, M., 1974.