Adelina Patti (Adelina Patti) |
Adelina patti
ʻO Patti kekahi o nā ʻelele nui loa o ke kuhikuhi virtuoso. I ka manawa like, he mea hoʻokani akamai ʻo ia, ʻoiai ʻo kāna ʻano hana i kaupalena ʻia i nā hana comedic a me nā mele. Ua ʻōlelo kekahi mea hoʻohewa koʻikoʻi e pili ana iā Patti: "He leo nui a hou loa kona, kupaianaha no ka nani a me ka ikaika o nā manaʻo, he leo waimaka ʻole, akā piha i nā minoʻaka."
"Ma nā hana opera e pili ana i nā manaʻo koʻikoʻi, ua ʻoi aku ka hoihoi ʻana o Patti i ke kaumaha, ʻoluʻolu, ʻoi aku ka lyricism ma mua o nā kuko ikaika a me ke ahi," wahi a VV Timokhin. - Ma nā kuleana o Amina, Lucia, Linda, ua hauʻoli ka mea pena kiʻi i kona mau hoa me ka maʻalahi maoli, ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ka noʻonoʻo noʻonoʻo - nā ʻano i loaʻa i kāna mau hana comic ...
Ua loaʻa i ka poʻe o kēia wā ka leo o ka mea mele, ʻoiai ʻaʻole ikaika loa, ʻokoʻa i kona palupalu, ʻoluʻolu, ʻoluʻolu a me ka nani, a ʻo ka nani o ka timbre i hypnotized maoli ka poʻe hoʻolohe. Ua loaʻa iā Patty ke kiʻi mai ka "si" o kahi octave liʻiliʻi a i ka "fa" o ke kolu. I kona mau makahiki maikaʻi loa, ʻaʻole pono ʻo ia e "mele" i kahi hana a i ʻole i kahi ʻahamele i mea e hoʻomaʻamaʻa mālie ai - mai nā huaʻōlelo mua loa i ʻike ʻia ʻo ia me kāna kiʻi. ʻO ka piha o ka leo a me ka maʻemaʻe ʻole o ka leo i loko o ka hīmeni ʻana o ka mea pena, a ua nalowale ka maikaʻi hope loa i ka wā i hoʻohana ai ʻo ia i ke kani koi ʻana o kona leo i nā manawa hoʻokani. ʻO ke ʻano hana kupaianaha a Patti, ʻo ka maʻalahi o ka mea mele i hana i nā fiorities paʻakikī (ʻoi aku ka trills a me ka piʻi ʻana o nā unahi chromatic), ua hoʻāla i ka mahalo honua.
ʻOiaʻiʻo, ua hoʻoholo ʻia ka hopena o Adeline Patti ma ka hānau ʻana. ʻO ka mea ʻoiaʻiʻo, ua hānau ʻia ʻo ia (Feberuari 19, 1843) ma ka hale o ka ʻOpera Madrid. Ua hīmeni ka makuahine o Adeline i ke poʻo inoa ma “Norma” ma ʻaneʻi i kekahi mau hola ma mua o ka hānau ʻana! ʻO ka makua kāne o Adeline, ʻo Salvatore Patti, he mea hīmeni nō hoʻi.
Ma hope o ka hānau ʻana o ke kaikamahine - ʻo ia ke keiki ʻehā, ua nalowale ka leo o ka mea mele i kona mau ʻano maikaʻi loa, a haʻalele koke ʻo ia i ke kahua. A i ka makahiki 1848, hele ka ʻohana Patty i nā ʻāina ʻē e ʻimi i ko lākou waiwai a noho i New York.
Ua hoihoi ʻo Adeline i ka opera mai kona wā kamaliʻi. ʻO ka manawa pinepine, me kona mau mākua, ua kipa ʻo ia i ka hale kiʻiʻoniʻoni o New York, kahi i hana ai nā mea mele kaulana o ia manawa.
Ma ke kamaʻilio ʻana e pili ana i ka wā kamaliʻi o Patti, ua haʻi kāna mea kākau moʻolelo ʻo Theodore de Grave i kahi hanana hoihoi: “ʻO ka hoʻi ʻana i ka home i hoʻokahi lā ma hope o ka hana ʻana o Norma, kahi i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ai nā mea hoʻokani me ka paʻi a me nā pua, ua hoʻohana ʻo Adeline i ka minuke i ka wā e paʻa ai ka ʻohana i ka ʻaina ahiahi. , a hele malie aku la iloko o ka rumi o kona makuahine. I ka piʻi ʻana mai, ʻo ke kaikamahine—ʻaʻole i ʻeono ona makahiki i kēlā manawa-ʻo ia i uhi iā ia iho i kahi pākeʻe, kau i ka lei ma luna o kona poʻo-ka hoʻomanaʻo ʻana i kekahi lanakila o kona makuahine-a, ʻo ke kau ʻana i mua o ke aniani, me ka ʻO ka lewa o kahi debutante i hilinaʻi nui i ka hopena āna i hoʻopuka ai, hīmeni i ka aria norma hoʻomaka. I ka wā i paʻa ai ka leo hope o ke keiki i ka lewa, ua lilo ʻo ia i poʻe hoʻolohe, ua hoʻomaikaʻi ʻo ia iā ia iho me ka paʻi ikaika ʻana, wehe ʻo ia i ka lei mai kona poʻo a hoʻolei i mua ona, no laila, e hoʻāla aʻe ʻo ia. loaʻa ka manawa e hana ai i nā kakaka maikaʻi loa, i kapa ʻia e ka mea pena kiʻi a mahalo paha i kāna poʻe hālāwai.
Ua ʻae ʻo Adeline i ke kālena kūpaʻa ʻole iā ia, ma hope o ke aʻo pōkole ʻana me kona kaikunāne ʻo Ettore i ka makahiki 1850, i ka makahiki ʻehiku (!), E hana ma ke kahua. Ua hoʻomaka ka poʻe aloha mele o New York e kamaʻilio e pili ana i ka mea hoʻokani leo ʻōpio, e hīmeni ana i nā Arias maʻamau me kahi akamai hiki ʻole ke hoʻomaopopo ʻia no kona mau makahiki.
Ua hoʻomaopopo nā mākua i ka pōʻino o ia mau hana mua no ka leo o kā lāua kaikamahine, akā ʻaʻole i waiho ʻia kahi ala ʻē aʻe. He lanakila nui nā ʻaha mele hou a Adeline ma Wakinekona, Philadelphia, Boston, New Orleans a me nā kūlanakauhale ʻē aʻe o ʻAmelika. Ua hele pū ʻo ia i Cuba a me nā Antilles. No nā makahiki ʻehā, ua hoʻokani ka mea pena ʻōpio ma mua o ʻekolu haneli manawa!
I ka makahiki 1855, ua ho'ōki loa 'o Adeline i nā hana 'aha mele, ua ho'opa'a 'o ia i ke a'o 'ana i ka repertoire Italia me Strakosh, ke kāne a kona kaikua'ana. ʻO ia wale nō, ʻokoʻa kona kaikunāne, kumu leo. Me Strakosh, ua hoʻomākaukau ʻo ia he ʻumikūmāiwa pāʻani. I ka manawa like, ua aʻo ʻo Adeline i ka piano me kona kaikuahine ʻo Carlotta.
"He lā koʻikoʻi ʻo Nowemapa 24, 1859 i ka mōʻaukala o nā hana hana," wahi a VV Timokhin. - I kēia lā, aia ka poʻe o ka New York Academy of Music i ka hānau ʻana o kahi mea hoʻokani opera koʻikoʻi hou: Ua hana ʻo Adeline Patti i kāna hana mua ma Donizetti's Lucia di Lammermoor. ʻO ka uʻi ʻuʻuku o ka leo a me ke ʻano hana ʻokoʻa o ka mea pena i hoʻohauʻoli ʻia e ka lehulehu. I ke kau mua, hīmeni ʻo ia me ka lanakila nui ma nā ʻumikūmāhā mau opera a hele hou i nā kūlanakauhale ʻAmelika, i kēia manawa me ka violinist Norewai kaulana ʻo Ole Bull. ʻAʻole naʻe ʻo Patty i manaʻo ua lawa ka kaulana i loaʻa iā ia ma ka New World; Ua holo wikiwiki ke kaikamahine ʻōpio i ʻEulopa e hakakā ma laila no ke kuleana e kapa ʻia ʻo ia ka mea mele mua o kona manawa.
Ma ka lā 14 o Mei, 1861, ua hōʻike ʻia ʻo ia i mua o ka poʻe Londoners, nāna i hoʻopiha i ka hale kiʻiʻoniʻoni Covent Garden i ka nui, ma ke ʻano o Amina (Bellini's La sonnambula) a hoʻohanohano ʻia me ka lanakila i hāʻule mua i ka hailona, ʻo Pasta wale nō paha. a me Malibrana. I ka wā e hiki mai ana, ua hoʻolauna ka mea mele i nā mea aloha mele kūloko me kāna wehewehe ʻana i nā ʻāpana o Rosina (The Barber of Seville), Lucia (Lucia di Lammermoor), Violetta (La Traviata), Zerlina (Don Giovanni), Marta (Martha Flotov) , ka mea i koho koke iā ia i ke kūlana o nā mea pena kaulana honua.
ʻOiai ma hope mai ua huakaʻi pinepine ʻo Patti i nā ʻāina he nui ma ʻEulopa a me ʻAmelika, ʻo ʻEnelani ʻo ia i hoʻolaʻa ai i ka hapa nui o kona ola ʻana (ma hope o ka noho ʻana ma laila mai ka hopena o nā makahiki 90). Ua lawa ka ʻōlelo ʻana, no iwakāluakūmākolu makahiki (1861-1884) me kona komo ʻana, mālama mau ʻia nā hana ma Covent Garden. ʻAʻohe hale keaka ʻē aʻe i ʻike iā Patti ma ke kahua no ka manawa lōʻihi.
I ka makahiki 1862, hana ʻo Patti ma Madrid a me Paris. Ua lilo koke ʻo Adeline i mea punahele i ka poʻe hoʻolohe Farani. ʻO ka mea hoʻohewa ʻo Paolo Scyudo, e noʻonoʻo ana i kāna hana ʻana i ke kuleana o Rosina ma The Barber of Seville, i ʻōlelo ʻia: "Ua makapō ka siren hoihoi iā Mario, ua kuli iā ia me ke kaomi ʻana o kāna castanets. ʻOiaʻiʻo, ma lalo o ia mau kūlana, ʻaʻole ʻo Mario a me kekahi mea ʻē aʻe i waho o ka nīnau; ua pohihihi ia lakou a pau - me ka manao ole, o Adeline Patty wale no ka mea i oleloia, e pili ana i kona lokomaikai, opio, leo kupanaha, manao kupanaha, akamai pono ole, a i ka hope ... e pili ana i kana keiki hao wale, no ka mea he mea ole ke hoolohe aku. i ka leo o na lunakanawai kaawale, me ka ole ia e hiki ole ana i ka apogee o kana hana. Ma luna o nā mea a pau, pono ʻo ia e makaʻala i nā hoʻomaikaʻi hoihoi a kāna mau mea hōʻeuʻeu haʻahaʻa i mākaukau e hoʻomake iā ia - kēlā mau mea kūlohelohe, ʻoiai nā ʻenemi maikaʻi loa o ka ʻono o ka lehulehu. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana o ia mau mea hoʻohewa ma mua o kā lākou hoʻopaʻapaʻa ʻana, akā ʻo Patti he mea pena kiʻi paʻakikī, ʻaʻohe mea kānalua, ʻaʻole ia e paʻakikī iā ia ke loaʻa ka leo o ke kaohi ʻana a me ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻole i waena o ka lehulehu e ʻoliʻoli ana, ka leo o ke kanaka e kaumaha ana. nā mea a pau i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo a ua mākaukau e hōʻike mau me ka hilinaʻi piha i ka hiki ʻole ke hoʻoweliweli. kālena hiki ʻole ke hōʻole ʻia.
ʻO ke kūlanakauhale aʻe kahi a Patty e kali nei no ka holomua ʻo St. Petersburg. Ma Ianuali 2, 1869, hīmeni ka mea mele ma La Sonnambula, a laila ua hoʻokani ʻia ma Lucia di Lammermoor, The Barber of Seville, Linda di Chamouni, Lʻelisir dʻamore a me Donizetti's Don Pasquale. Me kēlā me kēia hana, ua ulu ka kaulana o Adeline. Ma ka hopena o ke kau, ua ʻike ka lehulehu iā ia he mea pena kiʻi kūʻokoʻa.
Ua kākau ʻo PI Tchaikovsky i kekahi o kāna mau ʻatikala koʻikoʻi: “… ʻO Mrs. Patti, ma ke ʻano kūpono, ua hoʻonoho ʻia ʻo ia ma mua o ka poʻe kaulana leo āpau no nā makahiki he nui i ka lālani. Kamahaʻo i ke kani, maikaʻi i ka leo a me ka mana, ka maʻemaʻe a me ka māmā i ka coloratura, ka noʻonoʻo maikaʻi a me ka ʻoiaʻiʻo noʻeau āna e hana ai i kēlā me kēia o kāna mau ʻāpana, ka lokomaikaʻi, ka pumehana, ka nani - ua hui pū ʻia kēia mau mea a pau i kēia mea pena kiʻi kupaianaha i ke ʻano kūpono. ma ka ʻāpana harmonic. ʻO kēia kekahi o nā mea liʻiliʻi i koho ʻia i hiki ke koho ʻia ma waena o ka papa mua o nā ʻano pilikino kiʻi mua.
No eiwa mau makahiki, hele mau ka mea mele i ke kapikala o Rusia. Ua loaʻa i nā hana a Patty nā loiloi like ʻole mai ka poʻe hoʻohewa. Ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka hui mele ʻo Petersburg i ʻelua mau pūʻulu: ʻo ka poʻe pā o Adeline - "pattists" a me nā kākoʻo o kekahi mea mele kaulana ʻo Nilson - "Nilsonists".
Ua hāʻawi ʻia paha e Laroche ka loiloi ʻoi loa o nā mākau hoʻokō o Patty: “Ua hoʻohauʻoli ʻo ia i ka hui ʻana o kahi leo kupaianaha me ka mākaukau o ka leo. He ʻokoʻa loa ka leo: ʻo kēia sonority o nā memo kiʻekiʻe, kēia leo nui o ka papa inoa luna a i ka manawa like me kēia ikaika, ʻo kēia kokoke mezzo-soprano density o ka papa inoa haʻahaʻa, ʻo kēia kukui, wehe timbre, i ka manawa like. a me ka poepoe, he mea kupanaha keia mau ano a pau. Nui nā mea i ʻōlelo ʻia e pili ana i ke akamai a Patty e hana ai i nā unahi, trills, a pēlā aku, ʻaʻole i loaʻa iaʻu kahi mea e hoʻohui ai ma ʻaneʻi; E hoʻomaopopo wale wau ʻo ia paha ka mahalo nui loa i ka manaʻo o ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana i nā pilikia i hiki ke loaʻa i ka leo ... ʻO kāna ʻōlelo - i nā mea maʻalahi, pāʻani a nani hoʻi - he kūpono ʻole, ʻoiai i kēia mau mea. ʻO nā mea aʻu i ʻike ʻole ai ma mua o ka piha o ke ola i loaʻa i kekahi manawa ma waena o ka poʻe mele me nā ʻano leo maikaʻi ʻole ... ʻaʻole kānalua, ua kaupalena ʻia kona poʻo i kahi ʻano māmā a virtuoso, a ʻo kāna hoʻomana ʻo ia ka mea mele mua o ko mākou mau lā e hōʻike wale ana i ka lehulehu. mahalo i kēia ʻano ʻano ma mua o nā mea āpau a no ka mākaukau e hāʻawi i nā mea āpau.
Ma ka lā 1 o Pepeluali i ka makahiki 1877, ua hoʻokō ʻia ka hana pono o ka mea pena ma Rigoletto. ʻAʻohe mea i manaʻo ma ke kiʻi o Gilda e ʻike ʻia ai ʻo ia i mua o ka poʻe o St. Petersburg no ka manawa hope loa. I ka pō o La Traviata, ua loaʻa i ka mea pena ke anu, a ʻo ia hoʻi, ua hoʻololi koke ʻo ia i ka mea hoʻokani nui o ka ʻāpana a Alfred me kahi haumāna. ʻO ke kāne a ka mea mele, ʻo Marquis de Caux, koi ʻo ia e kāpae i ka hana. Ua hoʻoholo ʻo Patti e hīmeni ma hope o ke kānalua nui. I ka hoʻomaha mua, nīnau ʻo ia i kāna kāne: "Akā, me he mea lā ua maikaʻi wau i kēia lā, ʻoiai nā mea āpau?" "ʻAe," i pane aku ai ka marqui, "akā, pehea e hiki ai iaʻu ke hoʻopuka hou aku i ka diplomatic, ua lohe au iā ʻoe ma ke ʻano maikaʻi ..."
ʻAʻole lawa kēia pane i ka mea mele. No ka huhū, ua haehae ʻo ia i kāna wig a hoʻolei aku i kāna kāne, a kipaku iā ia i waho o ka lumi ʻaʻahu. A laila, ho'ōla iki, ua lawe ka mea mele i ka hana i ka hopena a loaʻa iā ia, e like me ka mea maʻamau, he kūleʻa maikaʻi. Akā ʻaʻole hiki iā ia ke kala aku i kāna kāne no kāna ʻōlelo pololei: ʻaʻole i liʻuliʻu ua hāʻawi ʻo kāna loio ma Paris i kahi koi no ka hemo. ʻO kēia hiʻohiʻona me kāna kāne i loaʻa i ka lehulehu ākea, a haʻalele ka mea mele iā Rusia no ka manawa lōʻihi.
I kēia manawa, hoʻomau ʻo Patti i ka hana a puni ka honua no nā makahiki he iwakālua. Ma hope o kona lanakila ʻana ma La Scala, kākau ʻo Verdi i kekahi o kāna mau leka: “No laila, ua lanakila nui ʻo Patti! Pela no!.. I ko'u lohe ana iaia no ka manawa mua (he 18 kona mau makahiki) ma Ladana, ua pihoihoi au i ka hana kupanaha wale no, aka, i kekahi mau hiohiona o kana paani, ua ʻike ʻia kahi mea hana keaka maikaʻi… i kēlā manawa… Ua wehewehe au iā ia ma ke ʻano he mele a me ka mea hana keaka. E like me kahi ʻokoʻa i ka hana kiʻi.
Ua hoʻopau ʻo Patti i kāna ʻoihana i ka makahiki 1897 ma Monte Carlo me nā hana hoʻokani ʻo Lucia di Lammermoor a me La Traviata. Mai ia manawa, ua hāʻawi wale ka mea pena iā ia iho i ka hana ʻahamele. I ka makahiki 1904 ua kipa hou ʻo ia iā St. Petersburg a hīmeni me ka lanakila nui.
Ua ʻōlelo maikaʻi ʻo Patti i ka lehulehu ma ka lā 20 ʻOkakopa, 1914 ma ka Hale Hōʻikeʻike ʻo Lākana. He kanahiku kona mau makahiki. A ʻoiai ua pau ka ikaika a me ka hou o kona leo, ua mau nō kona ʻano leʻaleʻa.
Ua hoʻohana ʻo Patti i nā makahiki hope loa o kona ola ʻana ma kāna hale kākela ʻo Craig-ay-Nose ma Wells, kahi i make ai ʻo ia i ka lā 27 Kepakemapa 1919 (i kanu ʻia ma ka hale kupapaʻu ʻo Père Lachaise ma Paris).
