ʻO Michal Kleofas Oginski (Michał Kleofas Ogiński) |
ʻO Michał Kleofas Oginski
ʻO ke ala ola o ka mea haku mele Polani ʻo M. Oginsky, ua like ia me kahi moʻolelo hoihoi, piha me nā wili koke o ka hopena, pili pili i ka hopena pōʻino o kona ʻāina hānau. ʻO ka inoa o ka mea haku mele i hoʻopuni ʻia e ka halo o ke aloha, ʻoiai i kona wā e ola ana he nui nā moʻolelo i kū mai e pili ana iā ia (no ka laʻana, ua "aʻo" ʻo ia e pili ana i kona make ponoʻī ma mua o hoʻokahi manawa). ʻO ke mele o Oginsky, e noʻonoʻo pono ana i ke ʻano o ka manawa, hoʻonui nui i ka hoihoi i ke ʻano o kāna mea kākau. Ua loaʻa i ka mea haku mele kālena moʻokalaleo, ʻo ia ka mea kākau o Memoirs e pili ana iā Polani a me Poles, nā ʻatikala e pili ana i ke mele, a me nā mele.
Ua ulu ʻo Oginsky i kahi ʻohana hanohano i hoʻonaʻauao ʻia. ʻO kona ʻanakala ʻo Michal Kazimierz Ogiński, ka Hetman Nui o Lithuania, he mea hoʻokani pila a mele, hoʻokani i nā mea kani, haku mele, polonaises, mazurkas, a me nā mele. Ua hoʻomaikaʻi ʻo ia i ka lira a kākau i kahi ʻatikala e pili ana i kēia mea kani no Diderot's Encyclopedia. Ma kona hale noho ʻo Slonim (ʻo ka ʻāina ʻo Belarus i kēia manawa), kahi i hele pinepine mai ai ka ʻōpio ʻo Oginsky, aia kahi hale keaka me ka opera, ballet a me nā hui keaka, kahi orkestra, Polish, Italia, Farani a me Kelemania i hoʻokani ʻia. He kiʻi maoli o ka Enlightenment, ua hoʻonohonoho ʻo Michal Kazimierz i kahi kula no nā keiki kūloko. ʻO ia ʻano kaiapuni i hoʻokumu i ka ʻāina momona no ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā mana ākea o Oginsky. ʻO kāna kumu mele mua ʻo ia ʻo O. Kozlovsky ʻōpio (ʻo ia ka mea i lawelawe ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻokani pila no ka Oginskys), ma hope he haku mele koʻikoʻi nāna i hāʻawi nui i ka moʻomeheu mele Polani a me Lūkia (ka mea kākau o ka polonaise kaulana "Thunder of victory, kani mai "). Ua aʻo ʻo Oginsky i ka violin me I. Yarnovich, a laila hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia ma Italia me G. Viotti a me P. Baio.
Ma 1789, hoʻomaka ka hana kālai'āina a Oginsky, ʻo ia ka ʻelele Polani i Netherlands (1790), ʻEnelani (1791); i kona hoʻi ʻana i Warsaw, paʻa ʻo ia i ke kūlana o ka puʻukū o Lithuania (1793-94). ʻAʻohe mea i ʻike ʻia e uhi i kahi ʻoihana i hoʻomaka maikaʻi ʻia. Akā i ka makahiki 1794, ua hoʻomaka ke kipi ʻana o T. Kosciuszko no ka hoʻihoʻi ʻana i ke kūʻokoʻa aupuni o ka ʻāina (ua māhele ʻia ke aupuni Polani-Lithuania o Commonwealth ma waena o Prussia, Austria a me ke Aupuni Lūkini). Ma ke ʻano he aloha ʻāina, ua hui pū ʻo Oginsky i nā kipi a komo ikaika i ka hakakā, a hāʻawi i kāna waiwai āpau "i makana i ka ʻāina makuahine." ʻO nā huakaʻi a me nā mele kaua i haku ʻia e ka haku mele i kēia mau makahiki, ua kaulana a kaulana i ka poʻe kipi. Hoʻohanohano ʻia ʻo Oginsky me ka mele "ʻaʻole i make ʻo Polani" (ʻaʻole i hoʻokumu pololei ʻia kāna mea kākau), a ua lilo ia i mele aupuni.
ʻO ka hāʻule ʻana o ke kipi ka mea e pono ai ke haʻalele i ko lākou ʻāina hānau. Ma Constantinople (1796) lilo ʻo Oginsky i mea ikaika i waena o nā poʻe aloha ʻāina Polani i neʻe aku. I kēia manawa, ua manaʻo ʻia nā maka o ka poʻe iā Napoleona, ka mea i ʻike ʻia e ka lehulehu ma ke ʻano he "general of the revolution" (L. Beethoven i manaʻo e hoʻolaʻa i ka "Heroic Symphony" iā ia). Hoʻopili ʻia ka hoʻonani ʻana iā Napoleona me ke ʻano o ka opera wale nō a Oginsky ʻo Zelida a me Valcour, a i ʻole Bonaparte ma Kairo (1799). ʻO nā makahiki i hala i ka huakaʻi ma ʻEulopa (Italia, Farani) ua hoʻonāwaliwali mālie i ka manaʻolana no ke ola hou ʻana o kahi Polani kūʻokoʻa. ʻO ka ʻae ʻana o Alexander I (me ka hoʻihoʻi ʻana i nā ʻāina) ua ʻae ka mea haku mele e hele mai i Rusia a noho ma St. Petersburg (1802). Akā i loko o nā kūlana hou (mai ka makahiki 1802 ʻo Oginsky he senator o ke aupuni Lūkini), ua manaʻo kāna mau hana i ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ke kūlana o ka ʻāina makuahine.
Ma ke komo ʻana i ke ola politika, ʻaʻole hiki iā Oginsky ke hāʻawi manawa nui i ka haku mele. Ma waho aʻe o ka opera, nā mele martial a me nā romances, ʻo ka hapa nui o kāna hoʻoilina liʻiliʻi he mau ʻāpana piano: nā hula Polish - polonaises a me nā mazurkas, a me nā marches, minuets, waltzes. Ua kaulana ʻo Oginsky no kāna mau polonaises (ʻoi aku ma mua o 20). ʻO ia ka mea mua i wehewehe i kēia ʻano ʻaʻole ma ke ʻano he ʻano hula maʻemaʻe, akā ma ke ʻano he mele mele, he ʻāpana piano kūʻokoʻa i kona manaʻo. ʻO kahi ʻuhane hakakā koʻikoʻi e pili ana iā Oginsky me nā kiʻi o ke kaumaha, melancholy, e hōʻike ana i ka sentimentalist, pre-romantic moods e lana ana i ka lewa o ia manawa. Hoʻohui ʻia ka puʻupuʻu māmā a me ka elastic o ka polonaise me nā leo leo mālie o ka romance-elegy. He mau inoa papahana kekahi o nā polonaises: "Farewell, Partition of Poland." Ua kaulana loa ka polonaise "Farewell to the Motherland" (1831) a hiki i kēia lā, mai nā memo mua loa, e hana ana i kahi lewa o ka ʻōlelo lyrical huna. Poetizing Polani hula, Oginsky wehe i ke ala no ka nui F. Chopin. Ua paʻi ʻia a hoʻokō ʻia kāna mau hana ma ʻEulopa - ma Paris a me St. Petersburg, Leipzig a me Milan, a, ʻoiaʻiʻo, ma Warsaw (mai ka makahiki 1803, ua hoʻokomo mau ka mea haku mele Polani koʻikoʻi ʻo J. Elsner iā lākou i loko o kāna hōʻiliʻili mahina o nā hana a nā haku haku ʻāina. ).
Ua koi ʻo Shaken health iā Oginsky e haʻalele iā St. Petersburg a noho i nā makahiki he 10 hope loa o kona ola ʻana ma Italia, ma Florence. Pēlā i hoʻopau ai ke ola o ka mea haku mele, waiwai i nā hanana like ʻole, i kū i ke kumu o ka romanticism Polani.
K. Zenkin
